Securities are recorded on an active account. Moscow State University of Printing Arts
The purchase of a security is the registration of a security on the balance sheet accounts in connection with the acquisition of ownership of the security.
Accounting records on the reflection in the accounting of investments in securities and transactions made with securities, are carried out on the basis of an internal document signed by the head of the bank (branch) or a person authorized by him.
The acquired securities are accounted for on the balance sheet accounts of Section 5 "Operations with Securities".
Securities are purchased for the purpose of forming:
- - the bank's trade portfolio;
- - investment income, form an investment portfolio;
- - portfolio of controlling participation.
The trading portfolio includes quoted securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale (resale), as well as securities that are not intended to be held in the portfolio for more than 180 days and can be sold and meet the following requirements:
- a) quoted securities purchased for the purpose of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for by groups of issuing entities on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50104-50110 "Debts purchased for resale and under loan agreements", 50605-50608 "Shares acquired for resale and under loan agreements". Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of securities issues;
- b) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under contracts providing for the possibility of their: multiple sale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50113 "Debts purchased under agreements to resell", 50611 "Shares acquired under agreements to resell" regardless of the issuer). Analytical accounting is kept in the context of each contract;
- c) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under loan agreements (regardless of the term of the agreement and the issuer) are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50115 "Debt obligations acquired under loan agreements", 50613 "Shares acquired under loan agreements" ... Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of each contract.
Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their lots).
Securities of the investment portfolio are reflected on balance sheet accounts 503 "Quoted debentures purchased for investment "508" Quoted shares purchased for investment "502" Unquoted promissory notes ", 507" Unquoted shares. " on the growth of their value).
Securities purchased with a view to holding them for more than 180 calendar days are also included in the investment portfolio.
If the number of voting shares of one joint-stock company on the accounts of the controlling participation portfolio is less than 50% of the authorized capital, then the remaining shares are subject to transfer to the accounts of investment or trading portfolios.
Quoted Securities - Securities that meet the following conditions:
- - admission to circulation on an open organized market or through a trade organizer on the securities market (including foreign open organized markets or trade organizers), which has the appropriate license from the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, and for foreign organized markets or trade organizers - a national authorized body;
- - turnover for the last calendar month on the above organized open market or through a trade organizer is not less than the average amount of transactions per month, which, in accordance with regulations The Federal Commission for the Securities Market is set to include securities on the first level quotation list;
- - information about the market price is publicly available, that is, it is subject to disclosure in accordance with Russian and foreign legislation on the securities market, or access to it does not require the user to have special rights.
If a security ceases to meet the criteria for being quoted, it must be transferred to balance sheet accounts for accounting for unquoted securities. If an unquoted security begins to meet the criteria of a quoted security, then it must be transferred to balance sheet accounts for accounting for quoted securities.
The date of transactions for the purchase and disposal of securities is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
In accounting, transactions are reflected on the day of receipt primary documents, confirming the transfer of rights to the security, or on the day of the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement that determine the transfer of rights.
Transactions and transactions for which the transfer of rights or settlements are carried out on the date of the transaction are subject to reflection on balance sheet accounts 47407, 47408 "Settlements on conversion transactions and forward transactions" (off-balance accounting is not kept in this case).
Securities are accepted for accounting at the actual costs of their purchase in the currency of the Russian Federation (in rubles). Costs in foreign currency are taken into account at the official rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of transfer of rights to securities, and preliminary costs - on the date of acceptance for accounting. The costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities include:
- - the costs of paying for the services of specialized organizations and other persons for consulting, information and registration services;
- - fees paid to intermediaries;
- - remuneration paid to organizations that ensure the conclusion and execution of transactions;
- - and for interest-bearing (coupon) securities - also interest (coupon) income paid upon their purchase.
Depending on the purposes of the acquisition, the accounting of investments in securities is carried out by the following methods:
- a) at the purchase price;
- b) at the market price.
Securities of the investment portfolio and the portfolio of controlling participation are reflected in accounting only at the acquisition price (book value when transferring from the trading portfolio). Also, the purchase price (the amount of the principal debt) includes securities purchased under loan agreements and purchased under agreements to resell.
Listed securities listed in the trading portfolio for resale are only recorded at market price.
To reflect transactions related to the disposal of securities and the determination of the financial result, balance accounts 61203 and 61204 "Sale (disposal) of securities" are used.
The credit of the sales (disposal) accounts reflects the amount received in the redemption of the security.
The debit of these accounts is written off the amount of the cost of the security.
On the same day financial results shall be credited to accounts for recording income or expenses from the resale (redemption) of securities.
The financial result upon disposal of a security is defined as difference between cost security and the redemption price or the retirement (sale) price determined by the agreement.
The accounting policy should define one of the following methods for assessing the cost of sold and retired securities:
- -- on average cost... Average cost valuation method - writing off securities of one issue, regardless of the order in which they are credited to the corresponding second-order account. At application of this method of investing in securities of one of the issue includes all securities of this issue, listed on the corresponding second-order account, and when they are retired (sold) are written off to the prime cost in proportion to the number of retired (sold) securities. In this case, analytical accounting is kept on the personal account of the issue;
- - at the cost of the first in the time of acquisition (FIFO). FIFO method - upon disposal (sale) of securities, investments in the corresponding number of the first securities of this issue are credited to the second-order balance sheet account at the cost of the retired securities;
- - at the cost of the most recent acquisition (LIFO). Method LIFO (LIFO) - when foam securities are retired (sold), investments in the corresponding number of the latest securities of this issue were credited to the balance sheet account of the second order at the cost of the retired securities.
When making sale and purchase transactions with interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations, in the terms of the transaction, interest (coupon) income is allocated for the time from the beginning of the interest (coupon) period until the date of transition of the debt to the debt obligation that is the subject of the transaction, inclusive.
If, for some reason, when concluding the transaction, "the accumulated interest (coupon) income was not indicated: -: as a separate item in its terms, the bank is obliged to separate it from the purchase or sale price of the debt obligation.
The accounting of income and expenses on accumulated interest (coupon) income is carried out on balance account 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations". For separate accounting of the received and paid interest (coupon) income, second order accounts are opened 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received upon sale or redemption on interest (coupon debt obligations" and 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income paid upon acquisition on interest ( coupon) debt obligations ".
In accounting, the purchase of a security is reflected in the following entries:
1) the cost of the security is accounted for:
Dt of the personal account of balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio
2) accrued interest income paid upon acquisition is reflected:
Dt 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition"
CT 30102, 20202, 40702, 47407, 47408, 30602;
3) reflects the costs associated with the purchase of a security:
Dt 50905 "Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities"
CT 30102, 20202, 40702, 47422, 30602.
If the issuer fails to fulfill its obligations to repay the half-obligation set time all costs of its acquisition are transferred to account 50505 "Investments in overdue debt obligations".
This operation is reflected in the accounting entries:
a) in the amount of the book value of the security:
CT of the personal account of the balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio;
b) in the amount of interest (coupon) income paid upon acquisition:
Dt 50505 "Investments in overdue debt obligations"
Кт 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition";
c) for the amount of costs associated with the acquisition:
Dt 50505 "Investments in overdue debt obligations"
Kt 50905 "Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities."
Securities purchased to form a trading portfolio are subject to revaluation at least once a month and no later than the last business day of the reporting month.
Revaluation of securities - determination of the book value of securities that are in the portfolio of a credit institution as of the end of the business day. Revaluation is done by multiplying the number of securities by their market price.
In case of revaluation, the balance of securities formed at the end of the day after the recording of transactions on the acquisition or disposal of piebald securities (including transfers from other portfolios) is subject to revaluation.
The revaluation results on the same day are reflected in the following accounting entries:
a) in case of an increase in the value of investments in securities based on the results of revaluation:
Dt 50104-50110, 50605-50608 of the balance account of the second: the order of the trading portfolio, corresponding to the personal check.
Кт 50111, 50609 "Revaluation of securities - positive differences";
b) in case of a decrease in the value of investments in securities with the results of revaluation:
Dt 50112, 50610 "Revaluation of securities - negative differences"
Kt 50104-50110, 50605-50608 of the balance account of the second order of the trading portfolio, the corresponding personal account.
On the last business day of the reporting month after the revaluation of the balance for the corresponding personal account refers to the accounts for the accounting of income or expenses from the revaluation of securities. In this case, the following entries are made in the accounting:
a) a positive revaluation difference is written off:
Dt 50111, 50609 "Revaluation of securities - positive differences"
Кт 70102 "Income received from operations with securities :, securities";
b) a negative revaluation difference is written off: Dt 70204 "Expenses on operations with securities" CT 50112, 50610 "Revaluation of securities - negative differences".
The disposal of a security is reflected in the following accounting entries:
1) Decommissioned book value valuable papers:
CT of the personal account of the balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio.
2) the accumulated interest income received upon disposal (sale) was written off:
Dt 61204 "Disposal (sale) of securities"
Кт 50450 “Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations”;
3) the costs associated with the purchase and sale of the security were written off:
Dt 61204 "Disposal (sale) of securities"
Kt 50905 “Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities”.
The costs of disposal (sale) of a security related to this transaction can be written off, bypassing account 50905 “Costs associated with the acquisition and sale of securities”, directly in correspondence with accounts for cash accounting, 47422 “Liabilities on other transactions” , 30602 “Settlements of credit institutions-principals (commitors) for brokerage operations with securities and other financial assets”.
4) Funds have been received for the sold security at the price determined by the terms of the agreement:
Dt 30102, 20202, 40702, 30602, 47407, 47408
- 5) The financial result on disposal of the security is determined:
- a) positive financial result:
Dt 61203 "Disposal (sale) of securities"
Kt 70102 “Income received from operations with securities”;
b) negative financial result:
Dt 70204 "Expenses on transactions with securities"
Кт 61204 “Disposal (sale) of securities”.
- 6) Accounts for recording the accumulated interest (coupon) income are closed:
- a) for the amount of accumulated interest income paid:
Дт 50405 "Received on sale or redemption: accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations"
Кт 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income n: interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition";
b) referring the final balance to accounts for accounting for interest income from investments in debt obligations under the relevant items and symbols of the Scheme for analytical accounting of income and expenses:
Дт 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest (coupon) debt obligations"
7) received regular interest payments (redemption of the next coupon) on outstanding debt obligations:
Dt 30102, 20202, 40702, 30602
Кт 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest (coupon) debt obligations".
On the same day, accounts are closed for recording the accumulated interest (coupon) income:
Дт 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest (coupon) debt obligations"
Кt 70102 "Income received from operations with securities".
At the end of the working day and in the daily balance of account balances 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations received upon sale or redemption" should not be. When paying interest (coupon) income on securities, the date of receipt of income is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to pay interest (coupon) income.
Topic 7: ACCOUNTING OF INVESTMENTS (INVESTMENTS)
IN SECURITIES AND SECURITIES
Introduction. 1
1. Basics of accounting for transactions with securities. 1
Basic concepts 4
2. Reflection of investments in securities on accounts accounting. 7
3. Reflection in the accounting of the value of securities, transactions for their acquisition and disposal, and financial results. 9
Introduction
In the lesson, we will look at the accounting of investments in securities and debt obligations.
Income on debt obligations in the form of interest (coupons) is a separate category of income. When performing transactions with interest (coupon) debt obligations, the accounting of the accumulated interest (coupon) income (paid and received) is kept separately and is not taken into account when determining income / expenses from disposal (sale) of a security.
Accounting records for the reflection in the accounting of investments in securities and transactions with securities are made on the basis of an internal document signed by the head of the credit institution (branch) or a person authorized by him.
Fundamentals of accounting for securities transactions
The main legislative document in the field of securities accounting is the instruction of the State Bank of the USSR dated March 14, 1991, No. 341 "On accounting for securities and some other operations in commercial banks" (as amended by the letter of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated January 6, 1993, No. 27).
Securities represent monetary documents of two types:
Equity securities;
Debt securities.
Equity securities - these are shares, meaning the share of the contribution of a legal entity or an individual in the total volume of capital created.
Debt securities - government debt obligations (bonds), certificates of deposit, bills, etc.
When working with securities, two parties enter into a relationship, two participants:
investor-buyer (legal entity or individual),
issuer-seller (legal entity).
The development of the securities market is a feature of the present moment. The increased interest of commercial banks in investments in securities has a positive effect on the structure of its assets and at the same time brings significant income (profit).
It is known that investments in the capital of various joint-stock companies enable the bank not only to receive dividends (income), but also to participate in its management, to be a co-owner of this company. Currently, banks are allowed to create subsidiaries or banks, which also requires investment and makes it possible to increase income.
It is also beneficial for the bank to act as the main founder, for example, of an insurance company or to acquire shares of commodity and stock exchanges... Investments in the purchase of government debt are considered effective. In relation to debt obligations, we define the concept of "investment diversification". This is an opportunity to reduce the risk of serious losses by the bank by distributing investments between many different securities (by their types, sectors of the economy, regions, maturity) instead of one type, term, etc.
Knowing that some of the commercial banks are created in the form of a joint-stock company, both closed and open, we note that their authorized capital is formed by issuing and placing their own shares. This type of shares is a title of ownership, share paper, its owner acts as the owner of a certain share of the bank's property.
Distinguish between privileged and common shares from the point of view of the accrual of dividends and participation in the management of the joint-stock company. The former have a fixed income, regardless of the amount of profit received by the bank, but do not participate in its management. The latter do not have a guarantee of receiving dividends, but they have the right to vote in the management of the bank. In addition, a distinction is made between registered and bearer shares, and type subscriptions - private or open.
The main form of payment for shares is considered cash, but a contribution to the authorized capital is also possible in kind: fixed assets, household equipment, etc. The bank's expenses related to the issue of shares are charged to account No. 70204 “Expenses on operations with securities”.
If a state specialized bank is transformed into a joint-stock bank, then in accounting all transactions on the transfer of property are drawn up by drawing up a transfer balance (report) on the day the bank is registered. The transformation of a share bank into a joint-stock bank takes place by re-registering the shares of the shareholders into their share in the share capital. This process is not drawn up by accounting entries.
The designation of securities, accounting of investments in debt obligations is carried out on the accounts:
501 - government bonds;
502, 507 - bonds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local authorities authorities;
503, 506 - certificates of deposit;
508-511 - stock;
503, 504, 506, 507 - other securities.
The listed accounts are active, each of which is subdivided into accounts of the second order, depending on the category of investments.
To account for transactions on the movement of securities by their types and maturities, the chart of accounts contains the section "Transactions with securities", which is subdivided into groups and accounts of the first and second order.
1. Investments in debt obligations, accounts of the first order No. 501-507 and the second order by codes:
01 - purchased under REPO transactions;
02 - purchased for resale;
03 - purchased for investment;
04 - provisions for possible impairment.
2. Investments in shares, first-order accounts: No. 508 "Shares of banks"; No. 509 “Other Shares”; No. 510 “Shares of Non-Resident Banks”; No. 511 "Other shares of non-residents". Second-order accounts have the same cipher values (see above).
3. Discounted bills, first order accounts No. 512-519, are subdivided into second order accounts by codes:
01 - on demand;
02 - with a maturity of up to 30 days;
03 - with maturity from 31 to 90 days;
04 - with maturity from 91 to 180 days;
05 - with maturity from 181 to 1 year;
06 - with a maturity of over 1 year to 3 years;
07 - with a maturity of over 3 years;
08 - not paid on time and protested;
09 - not paid on time and unprotested;
10 - reserves for possible losses.
4. Securities issued by banks, first-order accounts:
№ 520 "Issued bonds";
№ 521 "Issued certificates of deposit";
№ 522 "Issued savings certificates";
№ 523 "Issued bills and bank acceptances".
Each account is subdivided into second tier accounts with maturities ranging from 30 days to over 3 years.
In the event that banks issue bonds, certificates of deposit and savings certificates circulating on the market, accounts No. 520-523 are used - securities issued by the bank, debentures circulating on the market. The accounts are passive, the credit balance reflects the par value of the sold securities; debit turnover - redemption, repayment of debt obligations at par; loan turnover - sale of debt obligations at par.
Purchased under REPO transactions (accounts 50101, 50201, 50301, 50401, 50501, 50601-51101). These are securities, upon the purchase of which the bank has an obligation to resell the securities after a certain period of time at a predetermined price;
Purchased for resale (accounts 50102-51102) - newly received securities, except for those purchased - under REPO shares, as well as those in the bank's portfolio for less than 6 months;
Securities purchased for investment (accounts 50103-51103), which are kept in the bank's portfolio for 6 months or more.
The debit of these accounts reflects the value of the securities purchased by the bank - the purchase of GKOs, OFZ-PC by the bank-dealer, and on credit - their sale (delivery). Dealer - a legal entity or individual who buys securities at their own expense or sells them from their portfolio.
In accounting, it is possible following operations:
Basic concepts
Trading portfolio- quoted securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale (resale), as well as securities that are not intended to be held in the portfolio for more than 180 days and can be sold.
Investment portfolio- securities purchased for the purpose of obtaining investment income, as well as with the expectation of the possibility of growth in their value in the long or indefinite future.
Listed securities- securities that meet the following conditions:
Admission to circulation on an open organized market or through an organizer of trade on the securities market (including foreign open organized markets or trade organizers), which has the appropriate license from the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, and for foreign organized markets or trade organizers - a national authorized body;
The turnover for the last calendar month on the above organized open market or through the trade organizer is not less than the average amount of transactions per month, which, in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, is established for the inclusion of securities in the first level quotation list;
Market price information is publicly available, i.e. is subject to disclosure in accordance with Russian and foreign legislation on the securities market, or access to it does not require the user to have special rights.
Unquoted securities- any securities that do not meet the conditions for quoted securities are recognized as unquoted.
Investment income- income on a security in the form of interest (coupon) income, dividends, etc.
Purchase of securities- registration of a security on a balance sheet account in connection with the acquisition of ownership of the security.
Investments in securities- actual costs of purchasing securities, including costs associated with their purchase and disposal (sale), and for interest (coupon) debt obligations - also interest (coupon) income paid upon their purchase.
Method of accounting for investments in securities- the procedure for determining the book value of investments in securities for reflection in the accounting of their value, taking into account fluctuations in market conditions and / or risks of impairment.
Purchase price accounting- a method of accounting in which the book value of the security does not change while it is in the respective portfolio. For securities recorded at the purchase price, provisions for possible losses are formed in the manner prescribed by the regulations of the Bank of Russia.
Market Price Accounting- the accounting method in which investments in securities are periodically revalued at market prices. This method does not create a provision for impairment of securities and a provision for possible losses.
Revaluation of securities- determination of the book value of securities that are in the portfolio of the credit institution as of the end of the business day. Revaluation is done by multiplying the number of securities by their market price.
Market price- the market price of the security, calculated by the trade organizer in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market.
Disposal of a security- writing off a security from accounting on balance sheet accounts due to the loss of rights to the security (including during sale), the redemption of the security or the impossibility of collecting the rights assigned to the security, as well as its transfer to another portfolio or to an accounting account investments in overdue debt obligations.
Cost of securities- the value of investments in securities, reflected in the accounting records upon their disposal based on the method of assessing the cost of sold and retired securities.
Upon the sale or redemption of interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations, their cost increases by the amount of accumulated interest (coupon) income calculated in accordance with clause 4.5 of this Procedure. In this case, the accumulated interest (coupon) income paid upon their purchase is not included in the cost price.
Method for estimating the cost of sold and retired securities- the procedure for writing off securities of the same issue from balance sheet accounts of the second order upon their disposal (sale), established by the accounting policy in order to uniformly reflect the financial result in accounting.
Average cost valuation method- writing off securities of one issue, regardless of the order in which they are credited to the corresponding second-order account. When using this method, investments in securities of one issue are attributed to all securities of this issue, which are listed in the corresponding second-order account, and when they are retired (sold), they are written off to the prime cost in proportion to the number of retired (sold) securities. At the same time, analytical accounting is kept on the personal account of the issue.
FIFO and LIFO methods- writing off securities of one issue, taking into account the sequence of their crediting to the corresponding second-order account. When applying these methods, analytical accounting of investments in securities of one issue is carried out in the context of individual securities or their lots for each agreement (deal) for their purchase as they are credited to the corresponding second-order account.
FIFO method- upon disposal (sale) of securities, investments in the corresponding number of the first in time credited to the balance sheet account of the second order of securities of this issue are written off to the cost of the retired securities.
LIFO method- upon disposal (sale) of securities, investments in the corresponding number of the most recent securities of this issue are written off to the cost of the retired securities.
In case of disposal (sale) of a part of the securities of one issue, acquired by a batch, investments in the retired (sold) securities of this batch are written off to the cost of the retired ones in proportion to their number.
The principle of execution of transactions on the organized securities market- the procedure established by the trade organizer for the fulfillment of obligations for the delivery of securities and cash settlements under transactions concluded within trading day(session).
Gross principle- obligations for the delivery of securities and cash settlements are fulfilled for each transaction.
Net principle- the net position for the receipt / delivery of securities and the balance of settlements determined based on the results of the conducted trades are executed.
Net position- the difference between the requirements and obligations of a credit institution to supply / receive securities of one issue, calculated based on the results of the auction.
Net position for delivery- excess of obligations over requirements for the delivery of securities of one issue, calculated based on the results of the trades.
Net position to receive- excess of requirements over obligations to receive securities of one issue, calculated based on the results of trades.
Settlement balance- the difference between the claims and obligations for the payment / receipt of funds by the credit institution based on the results of the auction.
Equivalent securities- securities of the same type, issued by one issuer, having equal volumes of assigned rights.
Amount of revenue when paid in non-cash (assessed value)- the value of goods (valuables) accepted for accounting, received or to be received under contracts stipulating the fulfillment of obligations (payment) by non-monetary funds, incl. when performing securities exchange transactions
Securities are monetary documents of two types: equity securities and debt securities.
Equity securities- these are shares, meaning the share of the contribution of a legal entity or an individual in the total volume of created capital.
Debt securities- government debt obligations (bonds), certificates of deposit, bills.
Transactions with securities are performed in accordance with current legislation and regulatory documents of the Bank of Russia.
Issuing operations of a commercial bank must be carried out in accordance with the standards for the issue of securities and registration of securities prospectuses approved by the Resolution of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market dated June 18, 2003 No. 03-30 / ps "On standards for the emission of securities and registration of securities prospectuses. "As amended on December 17, 2003
These standards regulate the issue of shares, bonds and options of the issuer of legal entities, as well as the procedure for registering prospectuses of these securities. However, the standards do not apply to the issue of government and municipal securities, as well as the issue of bonds of the Bank of Russia.
The procedure for issuing securities of the issuer includes the following stages:
- making a decision that is the basis for the placement of securities;
- approval of the decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities;
- state registration of the issue (additional issue) of securities;
- placement of securities;
- state registration of the report on the results of the issue (additional issue) of securities.
State registration of issues (additional issues) of securities is carried out by the federal commission or other registering body determined by federal law. The placement of securities is carried out within the period specified in the registered decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities, which cannot exceed one year from the date state registration issue (additional issue) of securities.
Not later than 30 days after the end of the period for the placement of securities specified in the registered decision on the issue (additional issue) of securities, and if all securities were placed before the expiration of this period - not later than 30 days after the placement of the last security of this issue ( additional issue), the issuer submits to the registering authority a report on the results of the issue (additional issue) of securities.
The procedure for registration and the specifics of issuing securities by credit institutions are established by Instruction No. 102-I of July 22, 2002 "On the Rules for the Issue and Registration of Securities by Credit Institutions on the Territory of the Russian Federation" No. 1288-U).
In accordance with this instruction, the issues of securities of credit institutions are subject to state registration with the registration authorities. The registering bodies are the Department for Licensing Activities and Financial Rehabilitation of Credit Institutions of the Bank of Russia and regional offices of the Bank of Russia.
A credit institution can issue registered and bearer securities. Registered securities of a credit institution may be issued only in non-documentary form, with the exception of cases stipulated by federal laws. Bearer securities of a credit institution may be issued only in documentary form.
The issuance of shares by credit institutions is carried out in the following order.
A credit institution created in the form of a joint stock company forms its authorized capital from the par value of shares acquired by shareholders.
Credit institutions-issuers are entitled to issue only registered shares.
A new issue of shares can be carried out only after full payment shareholders of all shares previously placed by the credit institution. The decision on the next issue of shares can be made only after the registration of changes made to the charter of a credit institution based on the results of the previous issue regarding the new size of the authorized capital and the number of placed and authorized shares.
Ordinary shares, regardless of the serial number and time of issue, must have the same par value and provide their holders with the same amount of rights.
The par value of the placed preferred shares must not exceed 25% of the registered authorized capital of the credit institution. The possibility of issuing one or several types of preferred shares, the size of the dividend and (or) the liquidation value for each of them, the scope of rights granted by them are determined by the charter of the credit institution. Preference shares of the same type provide their holders with the same scope of rights and have the same par value.
A credit institution acting in the form of a joint stock company is entitled to place additional shares by subscription and conversion. A credit institution - a closed joint stock company - is not entitled to conduct an offering of shares by means of an open subscription or otherwise offer them for purchase to an unlimited number of persons.
Credit organizations can issue bonds only after full payment of the authorized capital. The par value of all bonds issued by a credit institution must not exceed the size of the authorized capital or the amount of security provided to the credit institution by third parties for the purpose of issuing bonds.
A commercial bank can issue the following types of bonds:
- registered and bearer;
- secured by a pledge of their own property or bonds secured by a credit institution for the purpose of issuance by third parties, as well as unsecured bonds;
- interest and discount;
- convertible into shares;
- with a one-time maturity or bonds with maturity by series at specific dates.
The issuance of options by a credit institution is carried out in accordance with the following requirements.
The option of the issuing credit institution is a registered security.
The issuing credit institution is not entitled to place options of the issuing credit institution if the number of authorized shares is less than the number of shares, the right to purchase of which is granted by such options. The number of shares of a certain category (type), the right to purchase of which is granted by the options of the issuing credit institution, cannot exceed 5% of the shares of this category (type) placed on the date of submission of documents for state registration of the issue of options of the issuing credit institution.
Issuing operations of a credit institution include operations to sell shares and bonds issued for the purpose of raising funds and increasing capital.
The sale of equity securities can be carried out in two ways:
- by paying for shares in cash when creating a credit institution;
- by paying for shares with tangible assets.
Investments in securities in accounting accounts are reflected in accordance with the principles specified in Regulation No. 205-P "On the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation", approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on December 5, 2002, as amended by March 24, 2004
Securities are classified into quoted and non-quoted securities.
Quoted securities are securities that meet the following conditions:
- admission to circulation on an open organized market or through a trade organizer on the securities market (including foreign open organized markets or trade organizers), which has the appropriate license from the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, and for foreign organized markets or trade organizers - a national authorized body;
- the turnover for the last calendar month on the above-mentioned organized open market or through the trade organizer is not less than the average amount of transactions per month, which, in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, is established for the inclusion of securities in the first level quotation list;
- market price information is publicly available, i.e. is subject to disclosure in accordance with Russian and foreign legislation on the securities market, or access to it does not require the user to have special rights.
Unquoted securities any securities that do not meet the above conditions are recognized.
The acquired securities are reflected in the balance sheet accounts of the section "Operations with securities" in the following order:
1. Quoted securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale (resale), as well as securities that are not intended for storage by the holder for more than 180 days and can be sold. Such securities constitute a trading portfolio and are accounted for on balance sheet accounts No. 501 “Debts purchased for resale and under loan agreements”, No. 506 “Shares acquired for resale and under loan agreements”.
The trading portfolio includes securities that meet the following requirements:
a) quoted securities purchased for the purpose of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for by groups of issuing entities on second order balance accounts No. 50104 - 50110, 50605 - 50608. Analytical accounting is kept in the context of securities issues;
b) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under agreements providing for the possibility of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order No. 50113 and No. 50611 (regardless of the issuer). Analytical accounting is kept in the context of each contract;
c) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under loan agreements (regardless of the term of the agreement and the issuer) are accounted for on second order balance accounts No. 50115, 50613. Analytical accounting is maintained in the context of each agreement.
2. Securities purchased for the purpose of obtaining investment income form investment portfolio.
Securities purchased with a view to holding them for more than 180 calendar days are also included in the investment portfolio.
Unquoted securities are accepted for accounting as acquired to obtain investment income or as available for resale (based on the growth of their value). They are reflected in the balance sheet accounts No. 502 "Unquoted debt obligations", No. 507 "Unquoted shares".
Securities of the investment portfolio that are quoted at the time of acquisition are reflected in balance sheet accounts No. 503 "Quoted debt securities purchased for investment", No. 508 "Quoted shares purchased for investment". Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their lots).
3. In controlling portfolio the voting shares purchased by the credit institution shall be credited in an amount ensuring control over the management of the issuing organization or significant influence on it. The number of voting shares is determined in accordance with the criteria of significant influence established by the Bank of Russia Regulation No. 191-P dated July 30, 2002 "On Consolidated Statements", registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation No. 3857 on October 11, 2002.
Securities of the portfolio of controlling participation are reflected on balance sheet accounts No. 60101, 60102, 60103, 60104. Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their parties).
The date of transactions for the purchase / disposal of securities is the date of transfer of rights to the security, determined in accordance with Article 29 of the Federal Law "On the Securities Market" No. 39-FZ (as amended by the Federal Law of 28.12.2002, No. 185-FZ ).
In accounting, these operations are reflected on the day of receipt of the primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to the security, or on the day of the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement (transaction) that determine the transfer of rights.
If the date of transfer of rights and the date of settlements stipulated by the agreement does not coincide with the date of the transaction, the claims and obligations are reflected in the accounts for accounting for cash and forward transactions in Chapter D "Urgent transactions" of the Chart of accounts. In this case, claims and obligations are subject to transfer to balance sheet accounts.
Transactions and transactions for which the transfer of rights or settlements are carried out on the date of the transaction are reflected on balance sheet accounts No. 47407, 47408 “Settlements on conversion transactions and forward transactions” (off-balance accounting is not kept in this case).
Operations and transactions with securities made on organized markets, in which this credit institution is a professional participant, are reflected in balance sheet accounts No. 47403, 47404 “Settlements with currency and stock exchanges”.
Operations for the purchase / disposal of securities, performed through intermediaries, upon receipt of primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to securities, are reflected in correspondence with balance sheet account No. assets ".
If the counterparty (intermediary) fails to fulfill the terms of the agreement (transaction) within the prescribed period accounts receivable at the end of the business day, it is subject to transfer to accounts for overdue debt (client or interbank) as overdue debt on other (other) placed funds.
Accounts payable in the amount of the obligations of a commercial bank, for any reason not fulfilled within the period specified in the terms of the agreement, shall be transferred at the end of the operating day to the following accounts:
- accounting for unfulfilled obligations under agreements to attract funds from clients;
- on accounting for overdue interbank debt as overdue debt on other (other) borrowed funds.
Securities are accepted for accounting at the actual cost of their purchase. The actual costs of acquiring a security, in addition to the cost at the acquisition price determined by the terms of the agreement, include the costs of paying for services for the acquisition, and for interest-bearing (coupon) securities - also the interest (coupon) income paid upon their acquisition.
Depending on the purposes of the acquisition, the accounting of investments in securities is carried out by the following methods:
a) at the purchase price;
b) at the market price.
The method of accounting for investments in securities is understood as the procedure for determining the book value of investments in securities to reflect their value in accounting, taking into account fluctuations in market conditions and / or risks of impairment.
The purchase price method is based on the fact that the carrying amount of the security does not change while it is in the respective portfolio. For securities recorded at the purchase price, provisions for impairment and / or provision for possible losses are formed in accordance with the procedure established by the regulations of the Bank of Russia.
Market price accounting is an accounting method in which investments in securities are periodically revalued at the market price. This method does not create a provision for impairment of securities and a provision for possible losses.
Revaluation of securities in the portfolio of a credit institution is carried out as of the end of a business day by multiplying the number of securities by their market price.
Securities of the investment portfolio and the portfolio of controlling participation are reflected in accounting only at the acquisition price (book value when transferring from the trading portfolio).
Quoted securities included in the trading portfolio and reflected in accounts No. 501, No. 506 are accounted for only at the market price.
Securities credited to the balance sheet accounts of the trading portfolio No. 50113, No. 50611 "Under agreements to resell" and No. 50115, No. 50613 "Under loan agreements" are accounted for at the purchase price (the amount of the principal debt).
At the same time, provisions for impairment or potential losses are not created for securities purchased under loan agreements. For securities purchased under agreements to resell, only a provision for possible losses is formed.
Transactions related to the disposal of securities and the determination of the financial result are reflected in the balance sheet accounts No. 61203 and No. 61204 “Disposal (sale) of securities”.
The financial result upon disposal of a security is determined as the difference between the cost of the security and the redemption price or the price of disposal (sale) determined by the agreement.
If the repayment of the principal debt (face value) of a security is made in several payments, the amounts and terms of which are established by the terms of its issue and circulation, then the financial result from the repayment of part of the principal debt is determined as the difference between the amount of partial repayment and a part of the cost of the security calculated in proportion to the ratio of the amount of partial repayment to the face value.
The accounting policy should define one of the following methods for assessing the cost of sold and retired securities:
- at the average cost;
- at the cost of the first by the time of acquisition (FIFO);
- at the cost of the most recent acquisition (LIFO).
As of the date of disposal of the security, the credit of the sales (disposal) accounts shall reflect:
- the amount received for redemption of the security (including the amount of redeemed interest (coupon));
- or its cost at the selling (disposal) price determined by the contract (including accumulated interest (coupon) income).
The debit of these accounts is written off the amounts that make up the cost of the security. In this case, the accrued interest (coupon) income is reflected in correspondence with account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations", second order account No. 50405 "Received upon sale or redemption".
On the same day, the financial result shall be credited to the accounts for recording income or expenses from the resale (redemption) of securities.
Upon redemption of a security, the date of retirement is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to redeem the security. In all other cases, the date of disposal is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
When making sale and purchase transactions with interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations, in the terms of the transaction, interest (coupon) income is allocated for the time from the beginning of the interest (coupon) period to the date of transfer of rights to the debt obligation that is the subject of the transaction, inclusive.
The start date of the interest (coupon) period is the day following the date of issue of the interest (coupon) debt obligation or the date of payment of the previous interest (coupon) yield on the debt instruments in circulation, unless the issuer has specified a different period.
If, for some reason, when concluding the transaction, the accumulated interest (coupon) income was not indicated as a separate item in its terms, the credit institution is obliged to separate it from the purchase / sale price of the debt obligation.
The accounting of income and expenses on accrued interest (coupon) income is carried out on balance sheet account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations".
Interest (coupon) income paid upon purchase of a security is recorded on balance sheet account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations", second order account No. 50406 "Paid upon acquisition".
Interest (coupon) income received upon retirement of a security or upon payment of interest (redemption of coupons) is reflected in account No. 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations" and second order account No. 50405 "Received upon sale or redemption ". At the same time, the accumulated interest (coupon) income, paid when purchasing from the debit of account No. 50405 on credit of account No. 50406, is written off.
On the same day, the final balance on account No. 50405 is subject to transfer to balance sheet account No. 70102 “Income received from operations with securities”. At the end of the working day and in the daily balance, there should be no balances on account No. 50405.
When paying interest (coupon) income on securities, the date of receipt of income is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to pay interest (coupon) income. In all other cases, the date of receipt of the accumulated coupon yield is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
Analytical accounting on account No. 50406 is kept separately for each portfolio in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues of debt obligations or individual debt obligations (their parties).
The costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities include:
- costs of paying for the services of specialized organizations and other persons;
- fees for consulting, information and registration services;
- fees paid to intermediaries;
- remuneration paid to organizations that ensure the conclusion and execution of transactions.
The costs associated with the acquisition and sale must be deducted from account No. 50905 "Costs associated with the acquisition and sale of securities" upon disposal of the security in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired securities.
Regulation of operations under contracts (deals) of purchase and sale, as well as pledge of bonds, is carried out in accordance with the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of March 25, 2003 No. 219-P "On servicing and circulation of issues of federal government securities". This provision regulates the procedure for the placement, circulation of servicing and redemption of state short-term zero-coupon bonds, federal loan bonds and federal government bonds issued in accordance with Federal law dated July 29, 1998 No. 136-FZ "On the specifics of the issue and circulation of government and municipal securities", Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 16, 2000 No. 790 "On approval of the General conditions for the issue and circulation of state short-term zero-coupon bonds", Resolution Of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05.15.1995 No. 458 "On General Conditions for the Issue and Circulation of Federal Loan Bonds", Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 05.12.1998 No. 439 "On General Conditions for the Issue and Circulation of Federal Government Bonds" and other regulatory acts regulating the issue and circulation of these securities.
A bond is a security (promissory note), according to which its owner is paid an annual income, the amount of which is predetermined in the form of a certain percentage to the face value of the bond. Bond yield can be paid by paying coupons (the portion of a bond that is cut from it and transferred instead of a receipt when interest is received).
Bond market participants are: issuer, general agent of the issuer, primary dealer, dealer, owner (investor).
The issuer is the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, acting in accordance with the current legislation. General agent the issuer is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. A primary dealer is a dealer who meets the requirements established by the Bank of Russia for the status of primary dealers and who has entered into a bond purchase and sale agreement with the Bank of Russia. The dealer is the agent who carries out the relevant transactions in bonds in conjunction with the primary dealer.
The investor enters into an agreement with the dealer, which determines the procedure for the acquisition or disposal of bonds, the implementation of transactions on the investor's “custody” account and the procedure for recording the rights to bonds on this account, as well as the rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties when performing these operations.
Consider the infrastructure of the bond market. It consists of a depository system, a settlement system and a trading system.
Depository system- this is a set of organizations authorized to ensure that the rights of owners to bonds are recorded, as well as the transfer of bonds through depot accounts for purchase and sale transactions and in some other cases. The depository system consists of a depositary and subdepositaries.
A depositary is a legal entity that has a license of a professional participant in the securities market to carry out depository activities and has entered into an appropriate agreement with the issuer, as well as authorized, on the basis of an agreement with the Bank of Russia, to ensure that the rights to bonds are recorded on depo accounts of dealers and the transfer of bonds through accounts “ depot ".
A subdepository is a legal entity licensed as a professional participant in the securities market to carry out depository activities. Its powers stipulate, on the basis of agreements with the Bank of Russia and the depository, to ensure that investors 'rights to bonds are recorded in their depo accounts, as well as to transfer bonds through investors' depo accounts on the basis of an agreement with the investor. Only a dealer can be a sub-custodian.
Settlement system is a set of settlement centers of the Organized Securities Market (ORSM), providing settlements for cash on transactions with bonds. The Settlement Center of the Organized Securities Market is a non-bank credit institution authorized, on the basis of an agreement with the Bank of Russia, to provide settlements for dealers' funds in bond transactions by opening dealer bank accounts and performing transactions on these accounts.
Trading system is a legal entity that has a license of a professional participant in the securities market to carry out activities for organizing trading and is authorized, on the basis of an agreement with the Bank of Russia, to ensure the procedure for concluding transactions with bonds in accordance with the regulations of the Bank of Russia. The trading system organizes the conclusion of transactions on the bond market.
Circulation of bonds can be carried out by concluding and executing transactions for the purchase and sale of bonds through the trading system and pledge transactions.
The placement of an issue (additional issue, tranche) of bonds is carried out by the Bank of Russia on behalf of the issuer in the form of an auction held at trading system, and / or at a fixed offer price or by private subscription. At the same time, placement of bonds by private subscription is understood as an placement carried out on the basis of purchase and sale agreements between the issuer and the dealer and / or investor without making these transactions through the trading system.
The procedure for calculating the yield on government securities is regulated by Appendix 2 to the Regulation of the Bank of Russia No. 219-P "On servicing and circulation of issues of federal government securities" dated March 25, 2003.
Redemption of bonds, as well as payment of coupon yield, or redemption of a part of the par value of bonds, is carried out on behalf of the issuer at the expense of funds federal budget transferred by the issuer to the Bank of Russia.
Note that in case of incomplete transfer of funds by the issuer, i.e. upon redemption of a part of the par value of bonds, payment of coupon yield is not made.
All information stored in the trading system settlement system and the depository system, is recognized as confidential and is not included in the official published information.
As already noted, the purchase and sale of government bonds is carried out through the settlement centers (RC) of the organized securities market (OSM), therefore, in accounting, these transactions are reflected in account No. 304 “Settlements in the organized securities market”.
To record the par value of debt securities issued by a credit institution, passive account No. 520 “Issued bonds” is used, which keeps records of the par value of bonds issued by a credit institution with a subdivision by maturity.
Bonds issued by the bank with an expired circulation period are transferred to the account for recording obligations for issued securities for execution (account No. 524).
On the credit of account No. 520, the par value of the bonds issued by the credit institution is carried out when they are placed in correspondence with correspondent accounts, cash account, settlement accounts of clients. If debt securities are placed at a price lower than their par value, then the difference between the par value and the actual placement price (discount amount) is debit to account No. 52502 "Upcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities."
On the debit of account No. 520, the par value of bonds issued by a credit institution is written off in the following cases:
- when they are paid on the day of presentation before the end of the circulation period or the established maturity date, in correspondence with correspondent accounts, settlement (current) customer accounts, deposit accounts individuals, cash account (if the owner is an individual);
- upon the expiration of the circulation period or the established maturity period, in correspondence with the accounts for the accounting of obligations on issued securities for execution.
The debit of the accounting account for issued bonds also writes off the amount of the discount in the part not paid for early redemption of the security, in correspondence with the account for accounting for forthcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities No. 52502 or with the account for accounting for expenses or income of the bank.
Analytical accounting for bonds is carried out in the context of state registration numbers and issues.
Bonds issued but not placed by a credit institution are accounted for using off-balance sheet account No. 907 "Unplaced Securities".
Uniform rules for the issuance and execution of savings and deposit certificates are established by the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 14-3-20 "On savings and deposit certificates of credit organizations" dated 02.10.1992 (as amended by the Instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated November 29, 2000, No. 857 -U).
Savings (deposit) certificate is a security that certifies the amount of the deposit made to the credit institution and the rights of the depositor (certificate holder) to receive, after the expiration of the established period, the amount of the deposit and the interest specified in the certificate at the credit institution that issued the certificate, or at any of its branches. The certificate cannot serve as a means of payment or means of payment for goods sold or services rendered.
The right to issue a savings certificate is granted to banks under the following conditions:
- implementation banking at least two years;
- publication of annual reports (balance sheet and profit and loss statement), confirmed by an auditing firm;
- compliance with banking laws and regulations of the Bank of Russia;
- compliance with mandatory economic standards;
- availability reserve fund(balance account No. 10701 "Reserve Fund") in the amount of at least 15% of the actually paid authorized capital;
- fulfillment of mandatory reserve requirements.
Certificates can be issued both on a one-off basis and in series. Savings and deposit certificates can be registered or bearer.
A credit institution issuing certificates must approve the conditions for the issuance and circulation of its certificates. In this case, the terms of issue are presented for each type of certificate separately.
Within three weeks from the date of receipt of the registered terms of issue from the registering authority and in the absence of comments to these documents, the Department for Control over the Activities of Credit Organizations on financial markets Bank of Russia introduces terms of issue to the Register of conditions for the issue and circulation of savings and deposit certificates of credit institutions.
Certificates are forward-looking securities. Interest rates on them are set by the authorized body of the credit institution.
Interest at the rate initially set upon issuance of the certificate, due to the owner upon the expiration of the circulation period (when the owner of the certificate receives the right to claim a deposit or a deposit according to the certificate), is paid by the credit institution, regardless of the time of its purchase.
In the event of an early presentation of a savings (deposit) certificate for payment, the credit institution pays the amount of the deposit and interest paid on demand deposits, unless a different interest rate is established by the terms of the certificate.
If the term of receipt of the deposit (deposit) according to the certificate is overdue, then the credit institution is obliged to pay the amount of deposit and interest indicated in the certificate at the first request of its owner. For the period from the date of claiming the sums under the certificate until the date of the actual presentation of the certificate for payment, no interest is paid.
When the date of claiming the deposit or deposit comes, the credit institution makes a payment against the presentation of the certificate and the statement of the owner, indicating the account to which the funds are to be credited. Funds from the redemption of the certificate of deposit can be sent at the request of the owner only to his correspondent, current (current) account. For citizens, payment can be made either by transferring the amount to an account or in cash.
For non-residents (in accordance with the Instruction of the Bank of Russia No. 93-I "On the procedure for opening by authorized banks bank accounts of non-residents in the currency of the Russian Federation and conducting transactions on these accounts" dated 10/12/2000) monetary obligations arising from the issuance and circulation of certificates can only be paid from ruble accounts opened with authorized banks.
The procedure for accounting by credit institutions of transactions with certificates of deposit and savings certificates is regulated by:
- Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated 30.12.1999 No. 103-P "On the procedure for maintaining accounting records of transactions related to the issuance and redemption of savings and deposit certificates by credit institutions";
- Instructions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated 20.12.2000 No. 867-U "On Amendments and Additions to the Regulation of the Bank of Russia No. 103-P" On the Procedure for Keeping Accounting Transactions Related to the Issue and Redemption of Savings and Deposit Certificates by Credit Institutions "dated 30.12. 1999 year
Accounting operations for the placement and redemption of savings and deposit certificates, as well as the accrual and payment of interest due under the certificate, are carried out on the basis of an order (internal document of the bank) of the relevant structural unit of the bank (branch) to the accounting division of the bank, signed by an official of the bank (branch). The order specifies the series and number of the certificate, the content of transactions, as well as the amount to be reflected in accounting.
Issued certificates are accounted for in the amount of the deposit (deposit) issued by the certificate on the second-order accounts of balance sheet accounts No. 521 "Issued certificates of deposit" and No. 522 "Issued savings certificates" by maturity.
V analytical accounting personal accounts are kept by the number and series of the certificate.
Reflection in accounting of accrued interest on certificates is carried out as follows.
A credit institution calculates interest on certificates based on the amount specified in the details of the certificate. The interest on the certificate is reflected in the balance sheet by the credit institution at least once a month and no later than the last business day of the reporting month. Interest for the last calendar days of the reporting month, attributable to non-working days, should be reflected in the corresponding accounting accounts in the balance sheet of the credit institution for the last business day of the reporting month.
At the same time, daily interest accrual must be ensured. programmatically in the context of each certificate on an accrual basis from the date of the last reflection of accrued interest on personal accounts.
Interest on the amount of the certificate is calculated from the day following the date of receipt of the deposit (deposit) in the credit institution to the day preceding the date of claiming the amount of the deposit (deposit) specified in the certificate upon its issuance, inclusive. In this case, the actual number of calendar days in a year (365 or 366 days, respectively) and the value of the interest rate (in percent per annum) indicated on the certificate form are taken as the basis. If the days of the period for calculating interest on the certificate fall on calendar years with a different number of days (365 and 366 days, respectively), then:
- interest accrual for days falling on a calendar year with 365 days is based on 365 calendar days a year;
- interest accrual for days falling on a calendar year with 366 days is made on the basis of 366 calendar days a year.
Interest can be calculated using both simple and compound interest formulas. If the method of calculating interest is not indicated in the conditions for issuing certificates, then the calculation is carried out according to the formula simple interest:
1. The formula for calculating simple interest on a certificate of deposit (savings):
where P is the nominal value of the certificate; I - interest rate by certificate (% per annum); t - the number of days of accrual of interest on the certificate (certificate term); K is the number of days in a calendar year (365 or 366); PRP is the amount of interest payable.
2. The formula for calculating the amount of interest for the current reporting period(for simple percent formula):
mark "> m - the number of days of accrual of interest on the certificate from the date of the contribution (deposit) to the day of the end of the current reporting period, inclusive; highlight"> 3. The formula for calculating compound interest on a deposit (savings) certificate:
the note "> d" is the base period (number of days) for which interest is accrued using the compound interest formula; PRS is the amount of interest payable.
4. The formula for calculating the amount of interest for the current reporting period(for compound interest formula):
mark "> PRSper - the amount of interest for the current reporting period, subject to additional accrual on the corresponding personal accounts No. 52501 and No. 52502 / No. 70204.
The storage of certificate blanks is carried out by credit institutions in the vault of valuables or outside the vault in safes (metal cabinets) with safety assurance. In this case, certificate blanks are accounted for in the debit of account No. 90701 "Forms of own securities for distribution" in correspondence with account No. 99999 in a conditional value of 1 rubles. for one form. In analytical accounting, personal accounts are kept by types of forms and by officials responsible for storage.
The accounting of the forms issued against the account to the persons responsible for their distribution is carried out using account No. 90705 "Forms, certificates, securities sent and issued on account", on the credit of which the amounts of the forms distributed by the reporting entities are written off based advance reports, in correspondence with account No. 99999. Analytical accounting is carried out on personal accounts opened in the context of certificates and accountable to the persons to whom they were issued.
Certificates issued by a credit institution into circulation and accepted for storage for a fee in accordance with the storage agreement concluded with the certificate holder are reflected at the nominal value of the certificate on the debit of off-balance sheet account No. 90803 "Securities in storage under storage agreements" in correspondence with account No. 99999. When removed from storage, the certificates are written off against the credit of account No. 90803 in correspondence with account No. 99999 at the nominal value of the certificate.
If a depository service agreement is concluded with the owner of the certificate, the certificates accepted under such agreements are reflected in the prescribed manner on the accounts of Chapter D “Securities Accounts” (see Section 9.9). In other cases, depository accounting of transactions with own certificates of deposit and savings certificates is not carried out.
When issuing their own bills and conducting other transactions with bills, commercial banks are guided by:
- The "Uniform Bill of Exchange and Bill of Exchange Act", which is annex No. 1 to the 1930 Geneva Convention No. 358 establishing the Bill of Exchange and Bill of Exchange Act,
- Letter of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Taxes and Duties of 20.02.2001, No. VG-8-02 / 105 "On the application of Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation when performing transactions with bills of exchange."
A bill of exchange is a security that certifies the unconditional monetary debt unilateral obligation of the drawer to pay, upon maturity, a certain amount of money to the drawer (owner of the bill).
A bill of exchange is not only a convenient form of payment, but also a type of commercial loan, since payment on a bill of exchange, as a rule, does not occur immediately, but after a certain time, during which the amount on the bill is at the disposal of the drawer.
There are two types of bills: simple and bill.
Promissory note (solo promissory note)- this is the unconditional obligation of the drawer to pay a certain amount of money to the bearer of the bill or to the person indicated in the bill of exchange, or to the one whom he indicates after a specified period or on demand.
Bill of exchange (draft) is an unconditional instruction from the drawer (drawer) to the payer (drawer) to pay a certain amount of money to the bearer of the bill of exchange or to the person indicated in the bill of exchange, or to the one whom he will indicate after a specified period of time or upon demand.
When issuing a promissory note, two parties participate in the circulation of promissory notes (the drawer and the holder of the bill), and of the bill of exchange - three parties (the drawer, the holder of the bill and the payer). For a bill of exchange, the payer is not the drawer, but another person who, through acceptance, undertakes to pay the bill of exchange on time. If the payer refuses to accept the bill, the drawer is obliged to pay for it.
Accounting for transactions with bills of exchange is regulated by:
- Regulation No. 205-P "On the rules of accounting in credit institutions located on the territory of the Russian Federation", approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on 05.12.2002 (as amended on 24.03.2004);
- Letter of the Bank of Russia dated February 23, 1995 No. 26 "On operations of commercial banks with bills of exchange and changes in the accounting procedure for banking transactions with bills of exchange" -U), which is applied in the part that does not contradict the above Regulation.
The reflection of the discount on the credit institution's own bills of exchange is carried out in accordance with the Instruction of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 17, 1999, No. 577-U "On the reflection of the discount on the credit institution's own bills of exchange."
Active balance transactions of commercial banks with bills are divided into accounting, guarantee, rediscounting and pledge.
TO accounting operations commercial banks include:
- Purchase (accounting, discounting) of bills.
- Redemption by the payer of a bill of exchange previously recorded.
Bills of exchange discounted by commercial banks are reflected in active balance accounts No. 512 - 519. Second-order accounts are accounted for:
a) by the timing of bills of exchange: on demand; with a maturity of up to 30 days; from 31 to 90 days; from 91 to 180 days; from 181 days to one year; over one year up to 3 years; over 3 years; not paid on time and protested; not paid on time and unprotested;
b) for passive accounts of the second order No. 51210, 51310, 51410, 51510, 51610, 51710, 51810, 51910 reserves for possible losses are taken into account.
A feature of transactions on bills discounted by the bank is the mandatory creation of reserves for possible losses on discounted bills on the corresponding accounts.
In the debit of accounts, the purchase value of the purchased bill of exchange is posted in correspondence with the correspondent account, cash account or current account of the client for the amount paid when purchasing the bill. The purchase price of the bill is written off on the credit of the accounts upon receipt of funds from the payer, in repayment of the bill of exchange recorded by the credit institution in correspondence with the correspondent account, cash account or current account of the client. The purchase value of the bill is also written off on the credit of the accounts when the purchased bill of exchange is resold in correspondence with the correspondent account, cash account or current account of the client.
Warranty operations banks with promissory notes represent the provision of a bank guarantee (aval), promissory note intermediation in transactions for accounting and rediscounting of promissory notes, as well as endorsements (with the exception of non-negotiable endorsements) affixed by a credit institution to promissory notes.
Let us recall that an aval is a surety under which a credit institution takes responsibility for fulfilling obligations under a bill of exchange. Avaluation is carried out on the principles of insuring the lender against non-repayment of the loan with the collection of commissions in its favor, taking into account the amounts on the bill and the potential risk of non-payment on it.
A bank guarantee (aval) can be provided and used in the full amount of the bill and in part of the bill amount.
Guarantee operations are reflected on off-balance sheet account No. 91404 “Issued guarantees and sureties” in correspondence with account No. 99998. Amounts from account No. 91404 are debited after payment of the guarantee, including payment at the expense of a credit institution.
Amounts not collected due to lack of funds on the payer's account, whose payment was guaranteed by the bank, are reflected in the debit of account No. 60315 "Amounts not collected under their guarantees" in correspondence with correspondent accounts. On the credit of account No. 60315, the amounts recovered from the payer are reflected in correspondence with the client's account, correspondent accounts, as well as with the reserve fund account if it is impossible to collect funds.
Rediscount operations are governed by the Regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 65-P "On the Bank of Russia rediscounting operations" dated 30.12.1998. In the Russian Federation, rediscounting operations are applied only in relation to transactions under export contracts. The participants in the transactions for the rediscounting of bills of exchange of exporting enterprises are:
- Operational division of the Bank of Russia for rediscounting of bills.
- An exporting organization is a legal entity, a resident of the Russian Federation, which has concluded on its own behalf an agreement for the export of goods (export contract), included in the List of exporting organizations approved by the Bank of Russia, whose bills of exchange may be accepted for rediscounting.
- Accounting bank - an authorized bank that has received the status of an "Accounting bank", with which transactions for rediscounting of bills can be carried out.
Are accepted for stocktaking promissory notes with a term "for a certain day", the drawers of which are exporting organizations included in the list approved by the Bank of Russia. At the same time, the term of payment under the bill should not exceed by more than 1 month the term of the last payment under the export contract.
The Bank of Russia accepts bills of exchange for rediscounting, the maturity of which is at least ten days.
When carrying out transactions on rediscounting of bills and transactions with rediscounted bills, the Bank of Russia also carries out depository accounting of bills. At the same time, in accordance with the concluded depositary agreements, the Bank of Russia accepts for safekeeping and keeps records of bills of exchange of exporting organizations recorded by the Accounting Bank. Bills of exchange are accepted for storage, from the date of drawing up of which no more than three working days have passed. Bills accepted by the bank for safekeeping are accounted for under active off-balance sheet account No. 90803 “Securities for safekeeping under safekeeping agreements”.
The Bank of Russia discloses information about its operations with bills of exchange of exporting organizations by posting it on the Bank of Russia server on the Internet (WWW.CBR.RU) and publishing it in the Bank of Russia Bulletin.
Collateral transactions commercial bank with promissory notes are carried out using accounts No. 91303 "Securities accepted as collateral for loans issued", No. 91401 "Securities accepted as collateral for received loans". The debit of these accounts records bills of exchange accepted or transferred as collateral for loans issued or received by a credit institution secured by bills of exchange; the credit reflects the return of bills of exchange accepted or transferred earlier on returned loans.
To account for the par value of bills issued by a credit institution, passive account No. 523 "Bills issued and bank acceptances" is used, which records the nominal value of bills issued by a credit institution by maturity.
Bills of exchange issued by the bank with expired circulation are transferred to accounts for recording obligations for issued securities for execution.
On the credit of account No. 523, the nominal value of the bills issued by the credit institution is posted when they are placed in correspondence with correspondent accounts, cash account, settlement accounts of clients. If valuable debt securities are placed at a price lower than their par value, the difference between the par value and the actual offering price (discount amount) is debit to account No. 52502 "Upcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities."
The debit of the account writes off the par value of the bills issued by the credit institution. Writing off is carried out in the following cases:
- when they are paid on the day of presentation before the expiration of the circulation period and (or) the established maturity date, in correspondence with correspondent accounts, settlement (current) accounts of clients, accounts of deposits (deposits) of individuals, cash account (if the owner is an individual);
- when accepting for early payment, but not paying on the day of presentation, in correspondence with accounts for recording obligations for issued securities for execution;
- upon the expiration of the circulation period and / or the established maturity period, in correspondence with the accounts for accounting for obligations on issued securities for execution.
The debit of the account for accounting for promissory notes and bank acceptances is also written off the amount of the discount in the part that is not paid for early redemption of the security, in correspondence with the account for accounting for forthcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities or with the account for accounting for expenses or income of the bank ...
Analytical accounting for bills of exchange is maintained for each bill.
Bills of exchange issued but not placed by the credit institution are accounted for using off-balance sheet account No. 907 "Unplaced Securities".
The procedure for accounting for transactions in the sale and purchase of securities for which the date of settlement does not coincide with the date of the transaction is defined in Regulation No. 205-P “On the Rules for Keeping Accounting in Credit Institutions Located on the Territory of the Russian Federation”, approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. 5.12. 2002 (as amended on 03.24.2004). Transactions are accounted for on the accounts from the date of conclusion to the first settlement date in accordance with the regulations of the Bank of Russia governing the accounting procedure for transactions in the purchase and sale of various financial assets.
In the accounting records, transactions are divided into transactions with residents and non-residents, as well as urgent and cash transactions in accordance with the criteria established by the regulations of the Bank of Russia.
When a transaction is concluded for which the dates of performance by the parties of their obligations do not coincide, the date of performance of the transaction (settlement date under the transaction) is the date of performance of all obligations under the transaction, i.e. the date on which the obligations of each of the parties under the terms of the transaction are considered fulfilled.
Liabilities arising from the conclusion of sale and purchase transactions are recorded on passive accounts, claims - on active accounts.
Claims and obligations for transactions with different deadlines are recorded on separate second-order accounts. Accounts for recording claims and obligations are determined in terms of the period from the date of the transaction to the date of fulfillment of the corresponding claim or obligation. At the same time, as the time remaining until the date of the fulfillment of the demand or obligation changes, the amounts are transferred to the corresponding second-order account.
On the day of the first settlement date, the accounting of the transaction on the accounts of Chapter D "Urgent Operations" of the Chart of Accounts in credit institutions is terminated with simultaneous reflection in the established manner on the balance sheet accounts.
For transactions of purchase and sale of securities, providing for the possibility of their redemption (sale), the accounting of claims and obligations for the reverse part of the transaction is kept on separate accounts allocated for these purposes.
Claims and liabilities on financial assets (securities) that have market or officially established prices (rates) are recorded in the accounts at these prices (rates) and are subject to revaluation:
- on the day of the conclusion of the transaction - for the amount of the difference between the price of the transaction and the market (exchange) price of securities as of the date of the conclusion of the transaction;
- on the day of changes in market (exchange) prices for securities - by the amount of the difference between the last and the newly established market price.
To reflect exchange rate differences arising from the revaluation of securities on concluded transactions, account No. 940 “Unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities” is opened.
Accounting on account No. 940 is carried out as follows. Separate pairs of personal accounts (active and passive) are opened to record unrealized income and expenses on concluded transactions. At the end of the business day, unrealized exchange differences arising from the revaluation of foreign currency, precious metals or securities, can remain on only one personal account from an open pair: active (expense) or passive (income). The operating day begins on the one of the paired accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences, on which there is a balance. At the end of the working day, in the event of a debit balance on a passive personal account or a credit balance on an active personal account, the balance must be transferred to the corresponding paired personal account by an accounting entry based on a memorial order.
On active accounts, claims arising from the conclusion of transactions for the sale and purchase of securities are taken into account, as well as negative unrealized exchange rate differences (expenses) on concluded transactions. In this case, account No. 932 “Requirements for the delivery of securities”, accounts of the second order No. 93201 “Requirements for the delivery of securities” and No. 93202 “Requirements for the delivery of securities from non-residents” are used. These accounts keep records of the bank's claims against counterparties (residents and non-residents) under transactions of purchase and sale of various financial assets in terms of the supply of securities to the credit institution in accordance with the concluded agreements from the date of the conclusion of transactions until the first settlement date.
On account No. 932, claims with a par value both in rubles and in foreign currency are taken into account. Claims denominated in foreign currency recorded on account No. 932 are subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble. Claims recorded on account No. 932 with a par value both in rubles and in foreign currency are also subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities with market quotations.
On the debit of account No. 932 "Requirements for the delivery of securities" are carried out:
- the amount of claims that have arisen against counterparties for transactions in the purchase and sale of securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording obligations for the delivery of securities;
- an increase in the valuation of claims due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of securities.
The following are debited from the account credit:
- the amount of claims against counterparties under transactions upon the arrival of the first settlement date, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for obligations to supply securities;
- change in the valuation of claims due to the fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of securities.
Analytical accounting on account No. 932 it is kept by types of securities, issues and denominations in the context of each agreement.
Claims on securities denominated in rubles are recorded at the purchase price or market prices. Claims on securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles.
Accounting for forward transactions in securities is carried out using accounts No. 935 “Requirements for the delivery of securities”, No. 936 “Requirements for the repurchase of securities”, No. 937 “Requirements for the repurchase of securities”.
The second order accounts No. 93501 - 93510 take into account the bank's requirements for the delivery of securities with a par value in rubles and with a par value in a foreign currency. Requirements for the delivery of securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities. Requirements for the delivery of securities denominated in foreign currency that have market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities and official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, and not having market quotations - only in connection with changes in official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
On the debit of these accounts, the following are posted:
- the amount of the bank's claims against counterparties in securities supply transactions in connection with the conclusion of securities purchase and sale transactions, in correspondence with the accounts for the accounting of obligations for the delivery of funds;
- an increase in the valuation of claims due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
The following are debited from the credit of these accounts:
- the amount of the bank's claims against counterparties for the supply of securities under purchase and sale transactions, upon the arrival of the first settlement date, in correspondence with accounts for recording obligations for the delivery of funds;
- a decrease in the valuation of claims due to a fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues and denominations in the context of each agreement. Claims on securities denominated in rubles are recorded at the purchase price or market prices. Claims on securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles.
On second order accounts No. 93601 - 93610, securities are accounted for from the date of sale of securities to the date of repurchase of securities by the bank. In this case, securities can be denominated in rubles and in foreign currency.
Securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices. Securities denominated in foreign currencies that have market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities and official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, and those that do not have market quotations - only in connection with changes in official exchange rates of foreign currencies to the Russian ruble.
In the debit of accounts, the following is posted:
- the cost of securities sold by the bank and subject to redemption in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the repurchase of securities;
The following is debited from the credit of the accounts:
- the cost of securities purchased by the bank in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with redemption, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the redemption of securities;
- a decrease in the value of these securities due to a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Ruble denominated securities are recorded at redemption or market prices. Securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in double valuation:
- in foreign currency - at the redemption price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations);
- in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities with market quotations).
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues and denominations in the context of each agreement.
On second order accounts No. 93701 - 93710, cash is recorded from the date of purchase of securities to the date of the bank's reselling securities. In this case, monetary funds can be both in rubles and in foreign currency. Cash in foreign currency is subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rate of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
Accounting for accounts No. 93701 - 93710 is carried out by the bank, which is the buyer of securities in the execution of the first part of agreements on securities purchase and sale transactions with repurchase.
In the debit of accounts, the following are posted:
- amounts of monetary funds to be received by the bank from the sale of securities in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the repurchase of securities;
The following are debited from the credit of the accounts:
- amounts of money received by the bank from the sale of securities in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording obligations for the repurchase of securities;
Analytical accounting
Unrealized exchange rate differences (negative) on revaluation of securities are reflected in account No. 94001 “Unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities”.
Exchange rate differences from revaluation are posted to the debit of the account:
- claims - in the event of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with claims accounts;
- liabilities - with an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with liabilities accounts.
Exchange rate differences from revaluation are posted to the credit of the account:
- claims - with an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with claims accounts;
- liabilities - in the event of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording liabilities.
Analytical accounting account No. 940 is kept in foreign currency and rubles.
Liabilities arising from the conclusion of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities, as well as positive unrealized exchange rate differences (income) on concluded transactions, are taken into account on passive accounts.
Cash transactions with securities in the accounting records are reflected on account No. 962 "Obligations to supply securities", second order accounts No. 96201 "Obligations to supply securities" and No. 96202 "Obligations to supply securities from non-residents".
Account number 962 records liabilities with par value both in rubles and in foreign currency.
Liabilities denominated in foreign currency, recorded on account No. 962, are subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble. Liabilities recorded on account No. 962, both with par in rubles and in foreign currency, are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities with market quotations.
On the credit of account No. 962, the following are carried out:
- the amount of the bank's obligations to counterparties under transactions in connection with the conclusion of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities, in correspondence with the accounts of accounting for claims for the delivery of securities;
- an increase in the valuation of liabilities due to an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities.
The debit of the account is written off:
- the amount of the bank's liabilities to counterparties under transactions, upon the arrival of the first settlement date, in correspondence with the accounts for accounting for claims for the delivery of securities;
- a decrease in the valuation of liabilities due to a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities.
Analytical accounting on account number 962
Liabilities on securities with a par value in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations) or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities with market quotations ).
The second order accounts No. 96501 - 96510 record the bank's obligations to supply securities with a par value in rubles and with a par value in a foreign currency.
Obligations to supply securities denominated in foreign currency with market quotations are subject to revaluation:
- in connection with a change in market (exchange) prices for securities and in connection with a change in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble;
- without market quotations - only in connection with a change in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
Obligations to supply securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities.
On the credit of accounts No. 96501 - 96510:
- the amount of the bank's obligations to counterparties, on transactions for the supply of securities in connection with the conclusion of transactions for the purchase and sale of securities, in correspondence with the accounts of accounting for claims for the supply of funds;
- an increase in the valuation of liabilities due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
- the amount of the bank's liabilities to counterparties for the supply of securities under purchase and sale transactions, upon the first settlement date, in correspondence with accounts for recording requirements for the supply of funds;
- a decrease in the valuation of liabilities due to a fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble or market (exchange) rates for securities, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues, denominations in the context of each agreement.
Liabilities for securities denominated in rubles are accounted for at the acquisition price (for securities that do not have market quotations) or market prices (for securities with market quotations).
Liabilities on securities with a par value in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the acquisition price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations) or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities with market quotations ).
On second order accounts No. 96601 - 96610, funds are recorded from the date of sale of securities to the date of repurchase of securities by the bank. In this case, monetary funds can be both in rubles and in foreign currency.
Cash in foreign currencies is subject to revaluation due to changes in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble.
Accounting for accounts is carried out by a credit institution that is a seller of securities in the execution of the first part of agreements on purchase and sale of securities with repurchase.
On the credit of accounts No. 96601 - 96610:
- the amount of monetary funds payable by the bank when purchasing securities during the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for accounting for claims for repurchase of securities;
- an increase in the ruble equivalent of cash in foreign currency due to an increase in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with the account of unrealized exchange rate differences on foreign currency revaluation.
By debit of accounts the following are written off:
- the amount of money paid by the bank in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording claims for the repurchase of securities;
- decrease in the ruble equivalent of cash in foreign currency due to the fall in the official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with the account for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on foreign currency revaluation.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of currencies in the context of each agreement, for monetary funds in foreign currency - in a double estimate: in foreign currency and rubles.
On second order accounts No. 96701 - 96710, securities are accounted for from the date of purchase by the bank until the term for the return of securities by the bank. In this case, securities can have a par value both in rubles and in foreign currency.
Securities denominated in rubles with market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities. Securities denominated in foreign currencies that have market quotations are subject to revaluation due to changes in market (exchange) prices for securities and official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, and those that do not have market quotations - only in connection with changes in official exchange rates of foreign currencies to the Russian ruble.
Accounting for accounts is carried out by the bank, which is the buyer of securities in the execution of the first part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase.
On the credit of accounts No. 96701 - 96710, the following is carried out:
- the cost of securities purchased by the bank and subject to sale in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the purchase and sale of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording claims for the repurchase of securities;
- an increase in the value of these securities due to an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities or official rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
On the debit of the accounts, the following is written off:
- the cost of securities sold by the bank in the course of the execution of the second part of agreements on transactions for the sale and purchase of securities with repurchase, in correspondence with the account for recording claims for the repurchase of securities;
- a decrease in the value of these securities due to a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities or official rates of foreign currencies against the Russian ruble, in correspondence with accounts for accounting for unrealized exchange rate differences on the revaluation of foreign currency or securities.
Analytical accounting conducted by types of securities, issues, denominations in the context of each agreement.
Securities denominated in rubles are accounted for at the redemption price (for securities that do not have market quotations) or market prices (for securities with market quotations).
Securities denominated in foreign currency are accounted for in a double valuation: in foreign currency - at the redemption price and in rubles (for securities that do not have market quotations) or in foreign currency - at market prices and in rubles (for securities that have market quotations) ...
Unrealized exchange rate differences (positive) on revaluation of securities are reflected in account No. 97001 “Unrealized exchange rate differences on revaluation of securities”.
On the credit of account No. 97001, exchange rate differences from revaluation are carried out: claims - with an increase in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording claims; liabilities - in the event of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with accounts for recording liabilities.
The debit of the account records exchange rate differences from revaluation of: claims - in case of a fall in market (exchange) prices for securities, in correspondence with claims accounting accounts; liabilities - with an increase in market (exchange) prices, in correspondence with liabilities accounts. Analytical accounting account No. 970 is kept in foreign currency and rubles.
Conducting depository operations with equity securities:
- shares,
- bonds,
- government bonds,
- other types of securities that are issued in accordance with the current legislation,
regulated by Order of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 02-259 "On Approval of the Rules for Keeping Records of Depository Operations of Credit Institutions in the Russian Federation" dated July 25, 1996 and "Rules for Keeping Records of Depository Operations of Credit Institutions in the Russian Federation" approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on July 25, 1996. No. 44.
Emissive security is any security, including non-documentary, which is characterized simultaneously by the following features:
- secures the totality of property and non-property rights subject to certification, assignment and unconditional exercise in compliance with the form and procedure established by Federal Law No. 39-FZ "On the Securities Market" (as amended by Federal Law No. 185-FZ dated 28.12.2002);
- posted by issues;
- has equal volumes and terms of exercising rights within one issue, regardless of the time of purchase of the security.
The main purpose of depository accounting (accounting of depository operations) is to obtain complete and reliable information about securities in the context of their owners, places of storage and depository operations applied to them.
Keeping depository accounting is entrusted to the management of the credit institution by issuing a corresponding order to the accounting department or to a special subdivision intended for keeping depository accounting and created in the manner prescribed by regulatory documents and the charter of the credit institution.
Depositories (credit institutions conducting depository activities) maintain analytical and synthetic depository accounting. In analytical accounting, analytical securities accounts are maintained, which account for securities belonging to specific owners or located in a specific storage location. The set of analytical accounting accounts and the procedure for reflecting depository operations on them are determined by the depository independently.
A securities account is a collection of entries in the registers of the depository, united by a common feature, intended for accounting for securities.
Analytical depo account- a depo account opened in a depository to record the rights to securities of a specific depositor or to record securities held in a specific place of storage.
Synthetic depo account- a depo account intended for inclusion in the depo balance, on which the total amount is reflected without a breakdown by specific owners or storage locations of securities recorded on analytical depo accounts.
Depo accounts include securities transferred to a credit institution by its clients:
- for storage and (or) accounting;
- for the implementation of trust management;
- for carrying out brokerage operations;
- to carry out other operations;
- securities owned by a credit institution on the basis of ownership or other property rights.
Securities are recorded on analytical securities accounts in pieces.
Securities on securities accounts are accounted for on a double-entry basis: for securities liabilities - in the context of owners and for securities assets - in terms of places of storage. Each security must be reflected twice in the analytical accounting: once - on a passive depo account - the depositor's account and the second time - on an active depo account - the account of the place of storage.
Information about all executed and executed by the depository operations must be contained in the operating journal of the depositary.
To organize the accounting of securities within the securities account, personal accounts are opened. A personal securities account is the minimum indivisible structural unit of depository accounting. It accounts for securities of the same issue with the same set of admissible depository operations. Upon opening, each personal account is uniquely matched to a synthetic depo account, which reflects the securities on this personal account.
To maintain synthetic accounting for securities held in custody, the Chart of Accounts for accounting in credit institutions provides for Chapter D “Securities Accounts”.
Balances on synthetic depo accounts (No. 98000, 98010, 98015, 98020, 98030, 98035, 98040, 98050, 98053, 98055, 98060, 98065, 98070, 98080, 98090) are determined based on balances on analytical depo accounts. Synthetic accounting of depository operations is carried out on consolidated cards of the issue, in depot balances and turnover sheets.
Summary cards are drawn up on the basis of the turnover logs of personal custody accounts until the beginning of the next business day and are kept separately for securities issues serviced in the depository, in the context of synthetic custody accounts within the issue. According to the summary cards, a short depot balance is compiled daily with the summary of all issues of securities being serviced by the depository. An integral part of the short depot balance is the generalized depot balance, which contains only the totals for the asset and liability for all issues of securities. On the first day of each month, according to the summary cards of the issues, for each issue of securities in the context of synthetic securities accounts, a full securities balance is drawn up.
Quarterly, according to the summary cards, for each issue of securities, turnover sheets... By summing up the indicators of the sheets, a summary turnover sheet is compiled.
Conducting depositary operations with non-issuable securities - bills of exchange, checks, certificates of deposit and savings certificates, etc., listed in Civil Code RF, and other securities, if these securities are not equity securities, is regulated by the Ordinance of the Central Bank of Russia No. 292-U "On the temporary procedure for conducting transactions with non-equity securities" dated 15.07.1998.
In accordance with Regulation No. 36 "On Depository Activities in the Russian Federation", approved by the Resolution of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market of the Russian Federation on October 16, 1997, the object of depository activities of credit institutions may be promissory notes and other non-equity securities transferred to a credit institution carrying out depository activities by its clients on the basis of depositary agreement. The credit institution is obliged to organize depository accounting for these securities.
Credit institutions are also entitled to accept non-equity securities on the basis of custody agreements. Custody of securities, which is not accompanied by accounting and certification of clients' rights to these securities, is not a depository activity. In this case, the basis for accepting securities is a custody agreement. When a credit institution accepts securities for safekeeping, their depository records are not kept, and the securities accepted for safekeeping are reflected in off-balance sheet account No. 90803 “Securities in custody under safekeeping agreements”.
When carrying out depository accounting for non-equity securities by maintaining analytical accounts, called securities accounts, the following requirements must be met:
- Non-equity securities are accounted for in securities accounts in pieces.
- It is allowed to record equity and non-equity securities within the same analytical securities account of the depositor or place of storage.
- It is not allowed to record emissive and non-emissive securities on one personal depo account.
On one personal securities account, it is allowed to record several non-equity securities of the same type. When maintaining a personal account, it must be indicated total number of securities recorded on it in pieces.
Accounting entries for active
Debit | Credit | |
Accounting for purchases of government securities | ||
1. Transfer of funds to the RC of the Organized Securities Market for participation in the auction: To the account of the participant of the RC ORSB; To ensure settlements for transactions on the RC of the organized securities market (blocking funds until the end of trading), transfer to a trading account |
30402 | 30102 |
2. Acquisition of debt obligations of the Russian Federation in the bank's portfolio: Reflection of funds from the bank's trading account; Reflection of the value of the acquired debt obligations; Payment of commission in favor of RC ORSB; At the same time, off-balance sheet accounting of acquired debt obligations on depo accounts |
30409 | 30404 |
3. Acquisition of debt obligations of the Russian Federation by the bank at the expense and on behalf of the client: Receipt of funds from a client under brokerage agreements for the purchase of securities and for payment of commission fees for an individual or legal entity; Transfer of funds for the purchase of debt obligations; Execution of operations at the RC of the organized securities market; At the same time, the reflection of the value of debt obligations for a depo account in off-balance sheet accounting; The commission is withheld in favor of the ORSB; Write-off of commission from bank clients for brokerage operations: Excluding VAT; VAT amount |
20202 | 30601 |
Accounting for transactions on redemption (sale) of government securities | ||
4. Crediting of funds to the bank account for recording operations on the organized securities market at the cost of repayment | 30404 | 30408 |
5. Receipt of funds: From the sale of debt obligations from the bank's portfolio; At the same time, the write-off from the depository accounting of debt obligations |
30408 | 501 (04-05) |
6. Receipt of funds: From the sale of debt obligations of clients on their behalf; And at the same time, writing off debt obligations from depository accounting |
30408 | 30601 |
7. Transfer of monetary funds to the Organized Securities Market in the form of a commission for carrying out operations | 30408 | 30404 |
8. Crediting of funds to the bank account after completion of settlements based on the results of operations on the organized securities market | 30402 | 30404 |
Accounting for urgent transactions for the purchase of securities by the bank | ||
9. The accounting of contracts for purchased securities is organized using the section of off-balance sheet accounts "urgent transactions": Cash transactions; For forward transactions |
932 (01-02) | 960 (01-02) |
10. Percentage of claims and liabilities on purchased securities on the day of the conclusion of the transaction or on the day of the change in official rates for the amount of differences between the rate of the transaction and the newly established rate: In the event of a positive exchange rate difference; In the event of a negative exchange rate difference |
97001 | 94001 |
11. Generation of unrealized income from securities purchase and sale transactions: With an increase in the price of securities; When the price of securities falls |
932 (01-02), 935 (01-10) 960 (01-02), 963 (01-10) |
97001, 97001 |
12. Generation of unrealized expenses on securities purchase and sale transactions: With the growth of the course; When the rate falls |
94001 | 960 (01-02), 963 (01-10) 932 (01-02), 935 (01-02) |
13. Execution of cash and urgent transactions: On the day of the maturity of the transaction and the execution of cash settlements, the closure of off-balance sheet accounts: For cash transactions; For forward transactions For the amount of a transaction in cash forward transactions |
960 (01-02) | 932 (01-02) |
14. Fulfillment of obligations for the supply of funds under cash forward transactions | 47407 | 30102, 30114 |
15. Receipt of securities: For cash forward transactions; Simultaneously, off-balance sheet accounting of purchased securities on depo accounts |
502-509 | 47408 |
Accounting for urgent transactions for the sale of securities by the bank | ||
16. Accounting for contracts for the sale of securities: For cash transactions; For forward transactions |
932 (01-10) | 962 (01-10) |
17. Execution of cash or urgent transactions on the day of the maturity of the transaction and cash settlements: Closing off-balance sheet accounts for cash transactions; Closing off-balance sheet accounts for derivatives transactions; For the amount of cash and urgent transactions |
962 (01-10) | 932 (01-10) |
18. Delivery of securities under cash forward transactions, depending on the selling price of the securities: On the bank's income; For bank expenses |
47407 | 502-509 |
19. Receiving funds for cash and non-cash transactions: And at the same time writing off securities off-balance sheet |
30102, 30114 | 47408 |
New page 1
Debit | Credit | |
1. Receipt of forms of debt obligations for implementation | 90701 | 99999 |
2. Implementation: Certificates of deposit; Own bills at par; Bonds at par; At the same time, the realized debt obligations of the bank are written off from off-balance sheet accounting |
30102, 405-408, 20202 30402, 42301, 20202 30102, 42301, 405-408 20202, 30102, 42301, 405-408 |
521 (01-06) |
3. Accrual of interest on all types of debt obligations | 52502 | 52501 |
Repayment of debt obligations on time | ||
4. Transfer of the par value of debt obligations to the balance sheet accounts for accounting for debt obligations with expired circulation: Certificates of deposit; Savings certificates; Own bills; Bonds |
521 (01-06) | 52403 |
5. Transfer of accrued interest to the balance sheet account for accounting for interest on debt obligations with expired circulation: Savings certificates of deposit; By own bills; By bonds |
52501 | 52405 |
6. Off-balance sheet accounting of debt obligations presented for repayment | 90704 | 99999 |
7. Actual payment: For certificates of deposit and savings in the amount of par value; On deposits and certificates for the amount of interest; On own bills in the amount of par value and interest to physical and legal entities; For bonds in the amount of par value; For bonds for the amount of interest |
52403, 52404 | 20202, 30102, 405-408
20202, 42301, 30102 20202, 42301, 30102 |
8. Assignment of the amount of interest paid to the bank's expenses | 70204 | 52502 |
9. Writing off off-balance sheet accounting of extinguished debt obligations | 99999 | 90704 |
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Federal Agency for Education
State educational institution higher
vocational education
"Moscow State University instrumentation and
informatics "
Branch in Uglich
specialty 080109
Department F-4
Discipline Banking
ESSAY
on the topic of:
“Accounting for transactions with securities”
Completed by student 3Efd course
Korolev Roman Alekseevich
Checked Art. teacher
Smirnova Elena Leonidovna
Uglich 2011
Introduction
1. Bank operations with securities
2. Accounting for active transactions with securities
3. Accounting for passive transactions with securities
3.1 Accounting for bills issued by a bank
3.2 Accounting for bonds issued by the bank
Conclusion
List of sources used
Introduction
In modern Russia, as well as in the whole world, the value of banks has gone beyond the framework of monetary and credit ratios. Nowadays, they are acting in the role of the institution, which is equal to the state and the market. Without banking institutions, we do not think about the organization of economic activity in a public scale. Powerful socially responsible banks are able to transform the market situation into an efficient policy. Weak banks are a factor of unavoidable improvement in the state and economy. Poptfelnye invectitsii, ocyschectvlyaemye kommepcheckimi bankami in fopme cozdaniya poptfeley tsennyx bymag, ppizvany vypolnyat takie vazhnye fynktsii HOW: ctabilizatsiya doxodov banka nezavicimo From faz delovogo tsikla, kompencatsiya kpeditnogo picka Po poptfelyu bankovckix ccyd, obecpechenie divepcifikatsii bankovckix doxodov, cnizhenie nalogovogo bpemeni, ctpaxovanie banka From potep , ensuring the flexibility of the bank portfolio of assets. In addition to this, the investment of a commercially available bank in securities is the second source of bank profits after crediting presenters.
In addition to investment activity, the banks can also operate all types of professional activity in the stock market. It should be noted that, in the presence of professional activity, credit organizations are to be found in the conditions of the constant competition. This is due to the fact that all members of the Russian securities market have equal rights and, as a rule, show more activity, than the notes. The securities market is one of the dynamic segments of the financial market and is a linking link between the capital market and the money market. Deyatelnoct bankov nA pynke tsennyx bymag mnogogpanna, as they not tolko yavlyayutcya pocpednikami, cvyazyvayuschimi intepecy and denezhnye cpedctva emitentov and invectopov, Nr and cami aktivno icpolzyyut financovye inctpymenty for fopmipovaniya cobctvennoy pecypcnoy bazy, pazmescheniya denezhnyx cpedctv in vycokolikvidnye and doxodnye tsennye bymagi. Takim obpazom for icpolneniya cvoego glavnogo ppednaznacheniya and ctabilnogo vypolneniya cvoix obyazatelctv peped klientami kommepcheckim bankam neobxodimo povyshat cobctvennyyu konkypentocpocobnoct nA pynke tsennyx bymag. Poetomy voppocy, cvyazannye c covepshenctvovaniem financovogo and yppavlencheckogo ycheta opepatsy c tsennymi bymagami, a tak zhe pazpabotka teopeticheckix and opganizatsionno-metodologicheckix voppocov vnytpennego kontpolya in kommepcheckom banke ppiobpetayut ocobyyu aktyalnoct.
1 . Bank operations with securities
In terms of economic content, the bank's operations with securities are divided into:
Passive - emission and release by banks of own valuable papers;
Active - placement of own and attracted deposits into stock assets on the stock exchange (in the trading system) on the offshore market from your own name;
Commissary (clients) - not associated with the extraction of a bank of profits or the formation of a pecuniary base, but providing a commiscional money supply.
According to the nature of the operations carried out, the banks can switch off cash (cash) and urgent transactions with securities.
A cash (cash) transaction is a transaction, the expiration date (date of voiding) that was set up just after the second working day of the switching on e.
Cpochnaya cdelka - IT cdelka nA pokypky or ppodazhy financovyx inctpymentov Po zapanee coglacovannoy tsene in bydyschem, kogda data pacchetov yctanovlena in Term ne panee tpetego pabochego day From daty zaklyucheniya cdelki. If the dates of performance of the obligations by the parties to the transaction do not match, then the date of performance of the transaction is considered to be the date of performance of all obligations.
According to the form of the account, operations with securities are divided into:
1) Balancing operations:
Formation of the capital of a joint-stock bank at the expense of ordinary and regular shares (account 102, 103,104,105);
Formation of additional capital (score 106);
Accounts on the organized securities market (account 304);
Calculations for securities (account 306);
Operations with securities purchased by banks on PEPO operations, for sale and investment (account 501-511);
Operations by counting vectors (counts 512 - 519);
Operations on issuing own long-term securities (account 520 -523);
Membership in subsidiaries and affiliates of shareholdings (account 601).
2) Operations on control:
Operations with securities obtained in the public administration, as well as purchased in the process of public administration;
Accounts for trust management.
3) Out-of-Balance Operations:
Opening of credit lines and issuance of obligations on the provision of credits with the use of securities;
Operations with unallocated proprietary securities and securities of other issuers.
4) Urgent operations:
Deals of purchase and sale of securities, for which the date of calculations does not match the date of transaction.
5) Accounts DEPO:
Taking into account the favorable operations with emission securities (shares, bonds, government bonds, as well as other types of valuable securities, which are good
Regardless of the valuable paper given to the bank by its clients for storage or accounting, for the maintenance of trustworthy management, for the maintenance of stockpiles;
Taking into account the bank's own securities, which belong to it on the basis of property or other legal right.
In accordance with Russian law, banks can carry out the following operations with securities:
to issue, buy, sell, store valuable papers;
invest in securities;
to buy and sell valuable paper from his own name and at his own expense, including by way of their kotrovka;
manage securities at the behest of the client (trust management);
to carry out special (agent) functions when buying and selling valuable paper at the expense and at the request of the client on the basis of the agreement of the company or other to act in the field of a financial broker;
to carry out an investment consultation, i.e. to provide customized services on issues of release and handling of securities;
organize securities outlets, i.e. to act as an investment company;
issue warranties for the placement of securities in the use of third parties;
to invest funds in the portfolio of stocks of non-banking companies (including to ensure control over them through additional prescriptions);
to establish non-banking investment institutions (investment funds, for the exclusion of checks) and companies of financial markets and investment concepts;
Establish specialized companies for accounting and storage of securities, as well as making payments for operations with them; Establish organizations that are institutional investors (construction, holding companies).
Operations with securities can be divided into three main groups (Figure 1).
Figure 1- Types of bank operations carried out with securities
2 . Accounting for active transactions with securities
The purchase of a security is the registration of a security on the balance sheet accounts in connection with the acquisition of ownership of the security.
Accounting records on the reflection in the accounting of investments in securities and transactions with securities are made on the basis of an internal document signed by the head of the bank (branch) or a person authorized by him.
The acquired securities are accounted for on the balance sheet accounts of Section 5 "Operations with Securities".
Securities are purchased for the purpose of forming:
Bank's trading portfolio;
Investment income, form an investment portfolio;
Controlling participation portfolio.
The trading portfolio includes quoted securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale (resale), as well as securities that are not intended to be held in the portfolio for more than 180 days and can be sold and meet the following requirements:
a) quoted securities purchased for the purpose of their resale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for by groups of issuing entities on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50104-50110 "Debts purchased for resale and under loan agreements", 50605-50608 "Shares acquired for resale and under loan agreements". Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of securities issues;
b) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under contracts providing for the possibility of their: multiple sale within 180 calendar days inclusive. These securities are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50113 "Debts purchased under agreements to resell", 50611 "Shares acquired under agreements to resell" regardless of the issuer). Analytical accounting is kept in the context of each contract;
c) quoted and unquoted securities purchased under loan agreements (regardless of the term of the agreement and the issuer) are accounted for on balance sheet accounts of the second order 50115 "Debt obligations acquired under loan agreements", 50613 "Shares acquired under loan agreements" ... Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of each contract.
Analytical accounting is maintained in accordance with the selected method for assessing the cost of retired (sold) securities in terms of issues or individual securities (their lots).
Investment portfolio securities are reflected on balance sheet accounts 503 "Quoted debt securities purchased for investment", 508 "Quoted shares purchased for investment" 502 "Unquoted debt securities", 507 "Unquoted shares". Unquoted securities are accepted for accounting as acquired to obtain investment income or as available for resale (based on the growth of their value).
Securities purchased with a view to holding them for more than 180 calendar days are also included in the investment portfolio.
If the number of voting shares of one joint-stock company on the accounts of the controlling participation portfolio is less than 50% of the authorized capital, then the remaining shares are subject to transfer to the accounts of investment or trading portfolios.
Quoted Securities - Securities that meet the following conditions:
Admission to circulation on an open organized market or through an organizer of trade in the securities market (including foreign open organized markets or trade organizers), which has a corresponding license from the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, and for foreign organized markets or trade organizers - a national authorized body;
The turnover for the last calendar month on the above organized open market or through the trade organizer is not less than the average amount of transactions per month, which, in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Commission for the Securities Market, is established for the inclusion of securities in the first level quotation list;
Information about the market price is publicly available, that is, it is subject to disclosure in accordance with Russian and foreign legislation on the securities market, or access to it does not require the user to have special rights.
If a security ceases to meet the criteria for being quoted, it must be transferred to balance sheet accounts for accounting for unquoted securities. If an unquoted security begins to meet the criteria of a quoted security, then it must be transferred to balance sheet accounts for accounting for quoted securities.
The date of transactions for the purchase and disposal of securities is the date of transfer of rights to the security.
In accounting, transactions are reflected on the day of receipt of the primary documents confirming the transfer of rights to a security, or on the day of the fulfillment of the terms of the agreement that determine the transfer of rights.
Transactions and transactions for which the transfer of rights or settlements are carried out on the date of the transaction are subject to reflection on balance sheet accounts 47407, 47408 "Settlements on conversion transactions and forward transactions" (off-balance accounting is not kept in this case).
Securities are accepted for accounting at the actual costs of their purchase in the currency of the Russian Federation (in rubles). Costs in foreign currency are taken into account at the official rate of the Bank of Russia on the date of transfer of rights to securities, and preliminary costs - on the date of acceptance for accounting. The costs associated with the acquisition and disposal (sale) of securities include:
The costs of paying for the services of specialized organizations and other persons for consulting, information and registration services;
Fees paid to intermediaries;
Remuneration paid to organizations that ensure the conclusion and execution of transactions;
And for interest-bearing (coupon) securities - also interest (coupon) income paid when purchasing them.
Depending on the purposes of the acquisition, the accounting of investments in securities is carried out by the following methods:
a) at the purchase price;
b) at the market price.
Securities of the investment portfolio and the portfolio of controlling participation are reflected in accounting only at the acquisition price (book value when transferring from the trading portfolio). Also, the purchase price (the amount of the principal debt) includes securities purchased under loan agreements and purchased under agreements to resell.
Listed securities listed in the trading portfolio for resale are only recorded at market price.
To reflect transactions related to the disposal of securities and the determination of the financial result, balance accounts 61203 and 61204 "Sale (disposal) of securities" are used.
The credit of the sales (disposal) accounts reflects the amount received in the redemption of the security.
The debit of these accounts is written off the amount of the cost of the security.
On the same day, the financial result shall be credited to the accounts for recording income or expenses from the resale (redemption) of securities.
The financial result upon disposal of a security is defined as difference between cost security and the redemption price or the retirement (sale) price determined by the agreement.
The accounting policy should define one of the following methods for assessing the cost of sold and retired securities:
At the average cost. Average cost valuation method - writing off securities of one issue, regardless of the order in which they are credited to the corresponding second-order account. At application of this method of investing in securities of one of the issue includes all securities of this issue, listed on the corresponding second-order account, and when they are retired (sold) are written off to the prime cost in proportion to the number of retired (sold) securities. In this case, analytical accounting is kept on the personal account of the issue;
At the cost of the first by the time of acquisition (FIFO). FIFO method - upon disposal (sale) of securities, investments in the corresponding number of the first securities of this issue are credited to the second-order balance sheet account at the cost of the retired securities;
At the cost of the most recent acquisitions (LIFO). Method LIFO (LIFO) - when foam securities are retired (sold), investments in the corresponding number of the latest securities of this issue were credited to the balance sheet account of the second order at the cost of the retired securities.
When making sale and purchase transactions with interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations, in the terms of the transaction, interest (coupon) income is allocated for the time from the beginning of the interest (coupon) period until the date of transition of the debt to the debt obligation that is the subject of the transaction, inclusive.
If, for some reason, when concluding the transaction, "the accumulated interest (coupon) income was not indicated: -: as a separate item in its terms, the bank is obliged to separate it from the purchase or sale price of the debt obligation.
The accounting of income and expenses on accumulated interest (coupon) income is carried out on balance account 504 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations". For separate accounting of the received and paid interest (coupon) income, second order accounts are opened 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received upon sale or redemption on interest (coupon debt obligations" and 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income paid upon acquisition on interest ( coupon) debt obligations ".
In accounting, the purchase of a security is reflected in the following entries:
1) the cost of the security is accounted for:
Dt of the personal account of balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio
2) accrued interest income paid upon acquisition is reflected:
Dt 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition"
CT 30102, 20202, 40702, 47407, 47408, 30602;
3) reflects the costs associated with the purchase of a security:
Dt 50905 "Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities"
CT 30102, 20202, 40702, 47422, 30602.
If the issuer fails to fulfill its obligations to repay the half-obligation in due time, all costs for its acquisition are transferred to account 50505 "Investments in overdue debt obligations".
This operation is reflected in the accounting entries:
a) in the amount of the book value of the security:
CT of the personal account of the balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio;
b) in the amount of interest (coupon) income paid upon acquisition:
Dt 50505 "Investments in overdue debt obligations"
Кт 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition";
c) for the amount of costs associated with the acquisition:
Dt 50505 "Investments in overdue debt obligations"
Kt 50905 "Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities."
Securities purchased to form a trading portfolio are subject to revaluation at least once a month and no later than the last business day of the reporting month.
Revaluation of securities - determination of the book value of securities that are in the portfolio of a credit institution as of the end of the business day. Revaluation is done by multiplying the number of securities by their market price.
In case of revaluation, the balance of securities formed at the end of the day after the recording of transactions on the acquisition or disposal of piebald securities (including transfers from other portfolios) is subject to revaluation.
The revaluation results on the same day are reflected in the following accounting entries:
a) in case of an increase in the value of investments in securities based on the results of revaluation:
Dt 50104-50110, 50605-50608 of the balance account of the second: the order of the trading portfolio, corresponding to the personal check.
Кт 50111, 50609 "Revaluation of securities - positive differences";
b) in case of a decrease in the value of investments in securities with the results of revaluation:
Dt 50112, 50610 "Revaluation of securities - negative differences"
Kt 50104-50110, 50605-50608 of the balance account of the second order of the trading portfolio, the corresponding personal account.
On the last business day of the reporting month after the revaluation, the balance on the corresponding personal account is credited to the accounts for recording income or expenses from the revaluation of securities. In this case, the following entries are made in the accounting:
a) a positive revaluation difference is written off:
Dt 50111, 50609 "Revaluation of securities - positive differences"
Кт 70102 "Income received from operations with securities :, securities";
b) a negative revaluation difference is written off: Dt 70204 "Expenses on operations with securities" CT 50112, 50610 "Revaluation of securities - negative differences".
The disposal of a security is reflected in the following accounting entries:
1) The book value of the securities was written off:
CT of the personal account of the balance sheet accounts of the second order of the corresponding portfolio.
2) the accumulated interest income received upon disposal (sale) was written off:
Dt 61204 "Disposal (sale) of securities"
Кт 50450 “Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest-bearing (coupon) debt obligations”;
3) the costs associated with the purchase and sale of the security were written off:
Dt 61204 "Disposal (sale) of securities"
Kt 50905 “Costs associated with the purchase and sale of securities”.
The costs of disposal (sale) of a security related to this transaction can be written off, bypassing account 50905 “Costs associated with the acquisition and sale of securities”, directly in correspondence with accounts for cash accounting, 47422 “Liabilities on other transactions” , 30602 “Settlements of credit institutions-principals (commitors) for brokerage operations with securities and other financial assets”.
4) Funds have been received for the sold security at the price determined by the terms of the agreement:
Dt 30102, 20202, 40702, 30602, 47407, 47408
5) The financial result on disposal of the security is determined:
a) positive financial result:
Dt 61203 "Disposal (sale) of securities"
Kt 70102 “Income received from operations with securities”;
b) negative financial result:
Кт 61204 “Disposal (sale) of securities”.
6) Accounts for recording the accumulated interest (coupon) income are closed:
a) for the amount of accumulated interest income paid:
Дт 50405 "Received on sale or redemption: accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations"
Кт 50406 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income n: interest (coupon) debt obligations, paid upon acquisition";
b) referring the final balance to accounts for accounting for interest income from investments in debt obligations under the relevant items and symbols of the Scheme for analytical accounting of income and expenses:
Дт 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest (coupon) debt obligations"
7) received regular interest payments (redemption of the next coupon) on outstanding debt obligations:
Dt 30102, 20202, 40702, 30602
Кт 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest (coupon) debt obligations".
On the same day, accounts are closed for recording the accumulated interest (coupon) income:
Дт 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income received on sale or redemption on interest (coupon) debt obligations"
Кt 70102 "Income received from operations with securities".
At the end of the working day and in the daily balance of account balances 50405 "Accumulated interest (coupon) income on interest (coupon) debt obligations received upon sale or redemption" should not be. When paying interest (coupon) income on securities, the date of receipt of income is the day when the issuer fulfills its obligations to pay interest (coupon) income.
3 . Accounting for passive transactions with securities
3.1 Accounting for bills issued by a bank
bank account bill of exchange
To simplify settlements, raise funds, banks issue promissory notes. Any forms of the bank's own bills of exchange are subject to accounting on off-balance sheet account 90701 “Forms of own securities for distribution”.
Bills of exchange issued and sold by the bank are accounted for on passive balance accounts of the second order of account 523 “Issued bills and bank acceptances” broken down by maturity at par. Personal accounts are kept for each bill.
When a bill is sold at a price below par (with a discount), the discount is charged to the debit of balance sheet account 52502 on a separate personal account for accounting for discounts on own bills (debit of accounts for accounting for cash, settlement accounts and on credit to account 523).
At the end of the day preceding the maturity date, the bill is transferred to account N 52406 “Bills with expired circulation”. Interest accrued on the bill of exchange is added to the amount of the bill. Analytics is carried out for each bill.
For promissory notes upon presentation, the circulation period is set at 1 year. Thus, when the date is equal to one year minus one day, the bill of exchange is transferred to account 52406.
Dt 70204 "Expenses on transactions with securities"
Кт 52502 “Upcoming payments on interest, coupons and discounts on issued securities”.
Interest accrued on a bill of exchange is accounted for in the same way as interest on certificates. Interest accrued to the amount of the promissory note is credited to account 52406 in correspondence with account 52501. If it is necessary to withhold income tax from the accrued interest (for individuals), according to the explanation of the Bank of Russia, a posting is made Dt account 52406 CT account 60301.
Upon presentation of a promissory note for redemption, it is subject to accounting on off-balance sheet account 90704. After redemption, it is debited from account 90704.
The bank can redeem its own promissory note before maturity. The bill can be redeemed or held for further sale.
In case of early redemption or redemption of a bill on the day of presentation, the following is made:
Dt 523 "Issued promissory notes and bank acceptances" - for the amount of the par value of the promissory note
If it is provided, accrued interest is added to account 52406. The presented bill of exchange is credited to account 90704.
The difference between the denomination of the bill and the actual price of its early redemption is credited, respectively, to balance sheet account 701 “Income” at symbol 12603 when the bill is sold at par and redemption at a discount.
If the bill was sold at a discount and the bank redeems it below par, but above the selling price, then a reversal entry is made on account 52502 for the amount of the difference between the par and the redemption price, and at the same time the difference (real discount) is debited to the expense account 70204 “ operations with securities ”.
If a bill of exchange is kept for further sale, the bill of exchange is credited to the active off-balance sheet account 90703 “Own securities repurchased before maturity” with transactions similar to those for early redemption of the bill.
The redeemed promissory note is debited from account 90704.
Separately, I would like to dwell on a situation in which a bank buys out a discount bill at a price lower than it was sold. In this situation, the bill of exchange discount (account 52502) is reversed and the difference is charged to the income account. It is believed that this amount reflected in income is debt forgiveness.
3.2 Accounting for bonds issued by a bank
The bonds issued by the bank are accounted for at par on second-order accounts by maturity on balance sheet account 520 in the context of the state registration numbers of the issues. The issue of bonds is also recorded on off-balance sheet DEPO accounts.
The issued bonds are accounted for by the issuing bank:
Dt 98000 "Securities in custody in the depository"
Кт 98090 "Securities out of circulation"
The purchased bonds are debited from account 98090 and are credited to the passive account 98040 “Owners' securities”.
After the sale of bonds and summing up the results of the placement, the bond loan is debited from off-balance sheet accounts:
For securities sold
Dt 98040 "Securities of the owners"
CT 98000 "Securities in custody in the depository"
For unrealized bonds
Dt 98090 "Securities out of circulation"
Kt 98000 “Securities in custody in the depository”.
If the issuing bank is not the registrar, then the issued bonds are recorded on the active account 98010.
Expired bonds are transferred to account 52401.
The accrued interest stipulated by coupons on bonds is accounted for on account 52501 in correspondence with account 52502. When due, interest is transferred to account 52407, from where it is paid.
Upon presentation of the coupon for payment, it is recorded on account 90704.
When paying interest on bonds, the bank makes the entry:
Dt 70204 for symbol 24101 Kt 52502.
Conclusion
The market of valuable paper is one of the key mechanisms of money supply for investment, modernization of the economy, and stimulation of production growth. Opepatsii kpeditnyx opganizatsy c tsennymi bymagami ppedctavlyayut coboy odno of pazvivayuschixcya nappavleny bankovckoy deyatelnocti, odnako, coglacno ppognozam ekcpeptov, ppedoctavlenie bankam bolshey camoctoyatelnocti, pazvitie cictemy ctpaxovaniya vkladov, covepshenctvovanie fickalnoy politiki pozvolyat bankam shipe icpolzovat cvoi vozmozhnocti and aktivno ychactvovat in invectitsionnoy deyatelnocti. In this way, investing money in securities will allow the bank's assets to be kept liquid.
On the other hand, credit organization is extremely important to ensure the reliability of the dosage. It is known that the risk of loss of capital is higher than the most profitable potential investments, so practically every bank will take care of reducing the amount of energy needed. In world practice, it is customary to limit investments in each type of valuable paper to 10% of the total price of a portfolio.
The following types of operations with valuable securities have been obtained in the current time as a promising direction for the development of the efficiency of commercial banks:
Confidential operations;
Provision of customized services.
Gocydapctvennoe pegylipovanie bankovckoy deyatelnocti nA pynke tsennyx bymag dolzhno be nappavleno nA peshenie ppiopitetnyx ppoblem, takix HOW podem ekonomiki, poct inoctpannyx invectitsy and effektivnocti THEIR icpolzovaniya.
In conclusion, I would like to name the main provisions for the development of the securities market:
Improvement of the system of taxation of operations with securities;
Removal of administrative barriers preventing the free circulation of shares;
Optimization of the share of government in the share capital;
Expansion of the range of processing tools of the securities market;
Kontpol za coblyudeniem yctanovlennyx tpebovany zakonodatelctva o tsennyx bymagax c tselyu zaschity ekonomicheckix intepecov gocydapctva, invectopov, aktsionepov, a imenno: ppedotvpaschenie napysheny co ctopony ychactnikov pynka tsennyx bymag tpebovany zakonodatelctva o tsennyx bymagax; identification of violations and taking measures for the treatment of the responsibility of the guilty persons in their commission; development of recommendations in the field of improvement of the legislation on valuable paper according to the results of the conducted control measures;
Help to increase investment activity in the securities market as a whole.
List of sources used
1 Usatova L.V., Seroshtan M.S., Arskaya E.V. Accounting in commercial banks: a textbook. - M .: Publishing and trade corporation "Dashkov and Co", 2005. - 380 p.
2 Shirinskaya Z.G., Nesterova T.N., Sokolinskaya N.E. Accounting and operational technology in banks. - M .: Publishing house "Perspektiva": INFRA-M, 1998. - 488 p.
3 Smirnova L.R. Accounting in commercial banks: Textbook. allowance / Ed. M.I. Bananova - M .: Finance and statistics, 2003. - 688 p .: ill.
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The documents confirming financial investments are:
received certificates of shares, extract from the register of shareholders, extract from depo accounts, various certificates, bonds;
certificates for the amount of deposits made, agreements for the provision of loans.
Payment orders and bank statements confirm the redemption of bonds and the return of loans provided.
When investing in authorized capital newly created organizations, the investor acquires either shares (joint stock companies) or shares in the authorized capital (limited liability companies), for which the investor organizations must have confirmation of their investments.
When investing in an LLC - such a document is a bank statement or an act of acceptance and delivery of fixed assets, intangible and other assets.
When creating a joint stock company, the confirmation of the contribution made is a security (share) either in the form of shares or share certificates, or in the form of an extract from the register of securities owners.
By purchasing shares of other joint stock companies on the secondary market, organizations make portfolio investments. The purpose of the purchase is to generate income either in the form of dividends, or from the sale of shares when their rate grows.
The purchase of shares is carried out both independently and through an intermediary - a broker (conclusion of an agreement with an investment company).
In all cases, confirmation of purchases made must be depo account statements or extracts from shareholder registers.
In addition to shares, Russian organizations can invest in government bonds, the issuer of which is the Ministry of Finance, and the Bank of Russia acts as a guarantor.
The book of accounting of securities is kept by any organization carrying out operations of purchase and sale of securities. Required details:
Issuer name;
The par value of the security;
Purchase cost;
Number, series;
Total;
Purchase date;
Date of sale.
When using the services of the depositary for storing the forms of the securities belonging to it, the organization records them on its balance sheet, indicating the details of the depositary in the analytical accounting. The accrual of depository services is reflected in the entry D 91-2 to 76 and relates to other expenses.
Synthetic accounting is carried out in total terms. Analytical - by units of accounting for financial investments, as well as by organizations in which these investments were made.
The accounting unit is chosen by the organization independently - i.e. series, batch, homogeneous aggregate of financial investments.
In accordance with PBU 19/02, the following information should be generated in the analytical accounting: name of the issuer; name of the security; number, series; face value; purchase price; expenses related to the purchase of a security; total; date of purchase; date of sale or other disposal and place of storage. The rules for the formation of the initial cost of financial investments are shown in Table 2.7.
Table 2.7 - Rules for the formation of the initial cost of financial investments
Purchase method |
Components of the initial cost |
The amount of actual costs for the acquisition of financial investments (excluding VAT and other reimbursable taxes) including: amounts payable in accordance with the contract to the seller cost of information and consulting services remuneration of intermediaries general business and other similar expenses, directly related to the acquisition of financial investments sum differences arising before financial investments are accepted for accounting (when making settlements in conventional units), etc. |
|
Contribution to the authorized (pooled) capital |
The estimated value of financial investments agreed upon by the founders (participants) of the organization |
Gratuitous receipt of securities |
The amount of cash that can be obtained as a result of the sale of these securities at the date of their acceptance for accounting |
Acquisition under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) in non-cash funds |
The value of assets transferred (to be transferred) to the organization, established by: based on the price at which an entity would normally determine the value of similar assets in comparable circumstances, or on the basis of the value at which similar investments are acquired in comparable circumstances |
Contribution to a simple partnership (joint activity) |
Estimated value of deposits, agreed upon by partners in a simple partnership agreement |
Synthetic accounting is kept on account 58 "Financial investments". In the development of this account, you can open a separate sub-account, on which it is advisable to take into account the funds of financial investments for which documents have not yet been received confirming the organization's rights to the amounts of financial investments made.
Account 58 is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of the organization's investments in government securities, shares, bonds and other securities of other organizations, authorized (joint) capitals, as well as loans granted to other organizations.
Characteristics of account 58: active, cash, debit balance, shows the amount of financial investments made at the beginning of the month. The debit reflects transactions for the purchase of securities, deposits in other organizations, the amount of loans provided. For a loan - repayment, redemption, sale of securities, the amount of loans returned.
To account for the sale of securities and determine the result from the sale, account 91 is used.
Credit 91.1 reflects sales value securities, and on debit 91.2 - the initial or book value and costs associated with the sale.
In accounting, financial investments are reflected at their initial cost at the time of their acquisition. This cost may change in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In the balance sheet, financial investments are reflected at a cost determined based on the requirements of PBU 19/02, according to which financial investments for accounting purposes are divided into two groups:
1.financial investments, which can be used to determine the current market value (PBU 19/02), are reflected in accounting statements at the current market value by adjusting their assessment to the previous one reporting date... The organization can make adjustments on a monthly or quarterly basis. The difference is credited to account 91, and then to the financial result in correspondence with account 58. If the object of financial investments, previously estimated at the current market value as of the reporting date, is not determined, then the object of financial investments is reflected in the financial statements at the cost of its last estimate.
2.financial investments, for which their current market price not defined. Reflected in accounting and financial statements at historical cost. With a sustained significant decrease in the value of financial investments for which the market value has not been determined, the organization creates a reserve for the depreciation of financial investments. Investments are reflected in the financial statements minus the created reserve. The criteria for a sustainable decline in the cost of financial investments are given in PBU 19/02.
In LLC "Eyva", account 58 "Financial investments" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of the organization's investments in securities.
Sub-accounts have been opened to account 58 "Financial investments":
58-1 "Shares and Shares",
58-2 "Debt securities".
Subaccount 58-1 "Shares and Shares" takes into account the presence and movement of investments in shares of joint-stock companies, authorized (joint) capitals of other organizations, etc.
Subaccount 58-2 "Debt securities" takes into account the presence and movement of investments in government and private debt securities (bonds, etc.).
Financial investments made by the organization are reflected in the debit of account 58 "Financial investments" and the credit of the accounts on which the values to be transferred towards these investments are taken into account. For example, the purchase by an organization of securities of other organizations for a fee is carried out on the debit of account 58 "Financial investments" and the credit of account 51 "Current account" or 52 "Currency account".
However, since the receipt of ownership of securities and the fact of their payment are not carried out at the same time, the transaction on capitalization of the security should be reflected using the accounting account for settlement with the seller of the security.
In 2013, with the aim of acquiring shares in one of Russian enterprises Eyva LLC entered into an agreement with an investment company for the provision of information services. Based on the analysis of the information received, the organization decided to purchase the company's shares. The cost of the services rendered by the investment company is, according to the contract, RUB 1,770, including VAT, RUB 270. Payment for services was made in advance. The purchase price of shares under a sale and purchase agreement is RUB 800,000.
Correspondence of accounts for the specified operation is presented in Table 2.8.
Table 2.8 - Correspondence of invoices for the purchase of shares through an intermediary
Amount, rub. |
|||
The funds were transferred to the investment company in the form of an advance payment for services |
76 / invest. company |
||
Reflected the cost of information services provided to the organization |
76 / invest. company |
||
Reflected VAT on information services |
76 / invest. company |
||
VAT on information services is reflected in the cost of these services |
|||
The cost of the shares acquired under the agreement was paid |
76 / seller of shares |
||
Acquired shares were taken into account on the basis of documents on registration of ownership rights |
76 / seller of shares |
||
The cost of shares includes the costs associated with their acquisition |
In the same year, LLC "Eyva" acquired 1000 book-entry common shares issuer for total amount RUB 800,000 and in accordance with the terms of the securities sale and purchase agreement, bears the costs of re-registration of ownership of the shares. Payment for the services of the holder of the register of shareholders (registrar) for opening a personal account in the system of maintaining the register of shareholders 11.8 rubles. (including VAT 1.8 rubles) and for re-registration of ownership of shares 236 rubles. (including VAT 36 rubles).
For profit tax purposes, the expense in the form of payment of the cost of the registrar's services for opening a personal account is a non-operating expense associated with servicing the purchased securities (clause 4 of clause 1 of article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The costs of re-registration of ownership of securities, in accordance with clause 2 of Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, form the costs of purchasing securities, which are taken into account when determining tax base on transactions with these shares upon their disposal.
The amounts of VAT presented by the registrar cannot be deducted, since transactions with securities are not subject to VAT (clause 12, clause 2, article 149 Tax Code RF). Thus, the VAT amounts presented for payment, in accordance with clause 1 of clause 2 of article 170 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, are taken into account by the organization in tax accounting in the cost of purchased services.
Table 2.9 - Register tax accounting on the formation of expenses for the purchase of securities:
Separately, it should be said about the costs directly related to the purchase of securities, if the purchase itself did not take place.
The direct procedure for tax accounting of expenses related to the purchase of securities is provided only in the event of their sale and other disposal.
For operations with securities, taxpayers determine the base for income tax in the manner prescribed by Article 280 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
According to subparagraph 7 of clause 7 of article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the date of expenses related to the acquisition of securities, including their cost, is the date of sale or other disposal of securities.
Considering the above, the expenses of Eyva LLC directly related to the acquisition of shares that meet the criteria established by Article 252 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation form the book value of the securities for the purpose of taxing the company's profits.
Information, consulting and legal services, aimed at the purchase of securities, are carried out with the aim of further receiving income from these securities (receiving dividends, income from the resale of an asset). Accordingly, these expenses are aimed at generating income, although the latter were not received in the end due to the refusal to purchase securities. Using this approach, in the tax accounting of Eyva LLC, these costs reduce the taxable base on the basis of clause 1 of article 252 and clause 1 of article 249 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
In the regulatory documents on accounting, there are three types of services related to securities - purchase, sale and maintenance. In this case, the first two types are associated with the process of circulation of securities, and the third - with their storage.
The costs associated with servicing the financial investments of the organization (costs of paying for the services of a bank, depository), LLC Eyva takes into account as part of other costs of the organization (clause 36 of PBU 19/02) and reflects on the debit of account 91 "Other income and expenses" and credit of settlement accounts with a specific organization.
LLC "Eyva" evaluates the shares in the accounting records at their retirement at the average historical cost. Thus, in September 2008, 500 shares were sold through a broker at a price of 44 rubles. per share. These shares were purchased by the organization in the following packages:
The cost of broker services for the acquisition of shares and the cost of re-registration of ownership of shares are 2% of the transaction amount (including VAT) and, according to the accounting policy of the organization, form the initial cost of financial investments.
The procedure for calculating the average initial cost of shares is given in the Appendix to RAS 19/02.
In this case, the average initial cost of a share is 70.23 rubles. (400 pieces x 88 rubles x 102% + 100 pieces x 50 rubles x 102% + 200 pieces x 40 rubles x 102% / (400 pieces + 100 pieces + 200 pieces).
The average initial cost of the sold 500 shares is 35,115 rubles. (500 pieces x 70.23 rubles); this amount is included in other expenses of the organization (table 2.10).
Table 2.10 - Correspondence of invoices for the sale of shares through an intermediary
Amount, rub. |
Primary document |
|||
Accounting records related to the acquisition of shares |
||||
08.08.2013 The acquired shares were accepted for accounting (400 x 88 x 102%) |
||||
08/16/2013 The acquired shares are accepted for accounting (100 x 50 x 102%) |
Brokerage agreement, securities purchase and sale agreement, account, extract from the register of shareholders |
|||
08.24.2013 Acquired shares were accepted for accounting (200 x 40 x 102%) |
Brokerage agreement, securities purchase and sale agreement, account, extract from the register of shareholders |
|||
Accounting records related to the sale of 500 shares |
||||
Reflected sale of shares (500 x 44) |
Sale and purchase agreement for securities, extract from the register of shareholders |
|||
Reflected expenses related to the sale of shares |
Brokerage agreement, accounting reference-calculation |
Accounts of certificates of deposit are kept on account 58, subaccount 2 "Debt securities".
In accordance with clause 9 of PBU 19/02, a certificate of deposit is accepted for accounting at its initial cost, which is the sum of the actual costs of its acquisition, with the exception of value added tax and other reimbursable taxes (except as provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees) ...
It is necessary to accrue interest on the certificate and include it in income in accounting at the end of the reporting period, based on the rate specified in the certificate (clause 16 of PBU 9/99).
At the date of maturity of the certificate, income should be recognized as the amount of funds receivable, that is, the amount of the deposit.
The organization has the right to sell the certificate to a third party at any price agreed with the buyer and set in the contract. Income from the sale of a security is recognized by the organization in the amount of the proceeds received.
Expenses associated with the disposal of securities are accounted for by the organization as part of other expenses (clause 11 of PBU 9/99).
According to clause 26 of PBU 19/02, upon disposal of a certificate of deposit, its value is determined based on an assessment determined by one of the methods provided for in this clause and enshrined in the organization's accounting policy.
In accounting, these transactions are reflected in the following postings:
Debit 58 Credit 51 - a certificate of deposit purchased;
Debit 76 Credit 91-1 - interest accrued;
Debit 76 Credit 91-1 - the certificate is presented for payment;
Debit 91-2 Credit 58 - the initial cost of the canceled certificate was written off;
Debit51 Credit 76 - received the amount of the deposit to repay the certificate;
Debit 51 Credit 76 - interest received.
In case of early redemption of the certificate, interest for the entire period of validity of the certificate will be charged at a lower rate (since it is calculated at a lower rate). Therefore, at the date of early redemption of the certificate, the entity must adjust the amount of interest recognized as income in previous reporting periods.
0.1. Debt Securities Accounting
For debt securities, for which the current market value is not determined, the organization is allowed the difference between their initial cost and the nominal value during the period of their circulation, evenly in proportion to the income owed to them, to be attributed to the financial result of the organization in the decrease or increase in expenses.
For debt securities and loans granted, the organization can make a calculation of their assessment by discounted value(the price is below par), while the accounting records are not kept and the organization must provide confirmation of the validity of such a calculation.
The created reserve is accounted for on account 59 "Reserve for depreciation of investments in securities".
Characteristic of account 59: passive, stock, credit balance, means the amount of the created reserve. Debit turnover reflects a decrease in the reserve, for a loan - its formation.
The creation of a reserve is reflected by the entry: D 91.2 / K 59
The amount of the reserve is determined for each type of securities and other financial investments, for which their current market value is not calculated.
If financial investments no longer meet the criteria for cost reduction (PBU 19/02), as well as upon disposal of financial investments, the estimated value of which was included in the calculation of the reserve, the amount of the previously created reserve for the specified financial investments refers to the financial result of the organization as part of operating income at the end of the reporting year or the reporting period when the disposal occurred: D 59 / K 91.1.
Correspondence of securities accounting accounts is presented in Appendix 4.