Boguchany hydroelectric power station. Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station
Report on the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Angara River, in the city of Kodinsk, Kezhemsky District, Krasnoyarsk Territory.
The Boguchanskaya station, which is part of the Angarsk cascade of hydroelectric power stations, is a large Soviet long-term construction - the first preparatory work was carried out in the mid-70s. Due to the reduction in funding, the construction of the hydroelectric power station was greatly delayed, and only in 2006 the work was resumed.
1. Boguchanskaya HPP is the largest hydropower construction facility in Eastern Siberia and Russia. The completion of the hydroelectric power station is of great importance for the development of the Lower Angara and Siberian economic region generally. More than half of the electricity generated by the hydroelectric power station is planned to be used at the aluminum plant under construction.
2. Panorama of the tailwater.
In the late 1980s, the hydropower project was sharply criticized by environmentalists, who at that time had great public support. In the early 1990s, due to the difficult situation in the economy, accompanied by a decline in energy consumption, the construction of a hydroelectric power station largely lost its meaning.
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3. The construction of the hydroelectric power station was actually frozen from 1994 to 2005 due to lack of funds. In 2004, the availability of HPP structures was 58%.
4. For a long time, the construction has gathered a whole park of tower cranes for every taste.
6. Fragments of the formwork.
7. Lattices that will protect the hydraulic units and filter water from various debris.
8. The scale of the structure is impressive.
9. Now the Angara flows through five tunnels of the bottom spillway.
10. Panorama of the headwater. After visiting in winter, I thought that now it is difficult to surprise me. It turned out - no)
11. The structure of the BoHPP hydraulic structures includes a concrete gravity dam (height - 96 meters, length along the ridge - 828) and a rock-fill dam with an asphalt-concrete diaphragm (height - 77 meters, length - 1861).
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14. Black stripe - asphalt-concrete diaphragm formwork.
15. Machine room of the station. In connection with the recovery of the economy and the growth of energy consumption, an active discussion of options for completing the construction of the hydroelectric power station began. At present, the commissioning of the first hydroelectric units of the hydroelectric power station is scheduled for April 2012, with full capacity commissioning in 2013.
16. By the size of standard fire extinguishers you can judge the size of these pins ...
17. Through each hydraulic unit 575 cubic meters of water will flow per second. For the scale, Sasha stands at the turbine cover russos .
18.
20. Assembly of the generator.
22. Huge guide vanes.
24. Rear groove, turbine cover with the inscription "Native" and journalists.
30. Workers and the dam.
33. The station will use two spillways - the upper step.
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34. And the bottom one - through ten oval tunnels.
36. In their free time, builders go fishing.
Today we will talk about the station, which was built and built (since 1974) and, finally, almost built (this year it is planned to commission the station at full capacity). Moreover, this is not just an ordinary construction project, but again the pride of today's Russian energy industry, after all, one of the largest hydroelectric power plants in Russia (it will become the fifth in terms of installed capacity after the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station (6,400 MW), the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station (6,000 MW), the Bratsk hydroelectric power station ( 4,500 MW) and Ust-Ilimskaya HPP (3,840 MW) with a design capacity of 3,000 MW, and the average annual electricity generation (project) will amount to 17,600 million kWh. It is about the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station.
It is located on the Angara River, near the city of Kodinsk, Kezhemsky District, Krasnoyarsk Territory. It is the fourth stage of the Angarsk hydropower cascade.
Its construction is carried out on a parity basis by JSC RusHydro and UC RUSAL within the framework of a strategic partnership to create a unique energy production complex - the Boguchanskoye Energy Metallurgical Association (BEMO). Within the framework of this alliance, the completion of the Boguchansk hydroelectric power station and the construction of the Boguchansk aluminum plant (the first stage of production, will also be put into operation in 2014) are envisaged. It is also worth emphasizing that there are simply no analogues of this energy and metallurgical investment project in the world. Both sides benefit, the plant receives electricity from interesting price and RusHydro receives guaranteed demand. In addition to their own synergy, these construction projects give a powerful impetus to the development of the Lower Angara region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory as a whole. Well, again there is reason for pride, for ours!
As always, let's start with the story. In 1936, the State Planning Committee of the USSR approved a "working hypothesis for the integrated use of the Angara", and in 1947, a scheme was presented for the development of the Angara by a cascade of 6 HPPs: Irkutsk, Sukhovskaya, Telminskaya, Bratsk, Ust-Ilimsk and Boguchanskaya, which was supposed to have a capacity of 4 000 MW at a head of 71 m.
No sooner said than done. In 1954, construction began on the first and second stages of the Angarsk cascade - the Irkutsk and Bratsk HPPs, in 1963 - the third stage, the Ust-Ilimsk HPP (it was decided to abandon the construction of the Sukhovskaya and Telminskaya HPPs). And on December 7, 1979, by order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 2699R, the technical project was approved for our today's heroine. True, in the end, a little capacity was cut from 4,000 to 3,000 MW, and the construction site was moved from the Boguchansky section to the current Kodinsky section, however, the name of the new station was decided to remain the same.
From October 1974, the forces of "BratskGESstroy" began preparatory work. On May 10, 1976, the Construction Department of the Boguchanskaya HPP was created. In 1980, the construction of the main structures of the Boguchanskaya HPP began and on April 17, 1982, the first cubic meter of concrete was laid in the body of the dam. On October 25, 1987, the Angara was closed, and a temporary lock was equipped for the passage of ships and rafts with timber.
According to the plan, the commissioning of the first units of the Boguchanskaya HPP was scheduled for 1988, and the completion of construction - for 1992, but it turned out, as always, - "finances sang romances." Initially, the start-up date for the Boguchanskaya HPP was repeatedly postponed: in 1987 - to 1993; in 1988 - for 1994; in 1989 - for 1995. Then, in the period from 1994 to 2005, construction was suspended altogether.
The new history of the Boguchanskaya HPP began on May 31, 2006 after RUSAL and RusHydro signed an agreement on the construction of BEMO, which includes the completion of the Boguchanskaya HPP and the construction of the Boguchansk aluminum plant with a design capacity of 600 thousand tons of aluminum per year. Plus, in 2006, it was approved Government program « Integrated development Nizhny Priangarye ", where the construction of the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station is also an important task. This is how the state and business began to implement this unique construction site. modern Russia... At that time, the availability of the station was about 58%.
3. General view of the Boguchanskaya HPP from the headwater
By March 17, 2006 construction site The Boguchanskaya HPP was completely reactivated. In 2006, a contract was signed with OJSC Power Machines for the supply of nine hydraulic units for the Boguchanskaya HPP.
In 2007, the concrete dam was erected up to the marks of 181-190 m, the rock-fill dam - up to the mark of 169 m, the installation of the embedded parts of the hydraulic units was started. On October 22, 2007, a temporary lock was closed and subsequently concreted, which had operated for 20 years instead of the 4 years envisaged by the project. In 2010, the first few sections of the concrete dam reached design height. In 2011, the rock-fill dam along its entire length was erected to the level of 202 m (in some areas - up to 208 m), 24 sections of the 34 concrete dam were completed to the design level by the end of the year. In general, the construction was in full swing.
4. In the foreground are protective structures from various debris, forests, etc.
On October 15, 2012, the first two hydroelectric units of the station were launched (333 MW each). In the same year, on November 28, the first three hydroelectric units of the Boguchanskaya HPP were put into commercial operation. From December 1, 2012, the power plant received the status of a participant in the wholesale market electrical energy and power (WECM). On January 22, 2013 and unit No. 4 matured, then in November 2013 - unit No. 5 was commissioned, on December 6, 2013 - unit No. 6. Start-up and commissioning works are in full swing at GA # 7 and GA # 8. So the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station is practically built, "ready for work and defense!"
7. Next to the hydroelectric power station there is this cross, on which these words are written: “Lord! Save and preserve Russia ”.
8. Boguchanskaya HPP is a powerful high-pressure hydroelectric power plant of the dam type. It includes a concrete gravity dam, a rock-fill dam (KNP) with an asphalt concrete diaphragm, a hydroelectric power station with an assembly site and a service and production building, in which there are as many as two complete switchgears with SF6 circuit breakers (GIS) for 220 and 500 kV.
10. Each hydroelectric power station is not like itself. And here, its own trick - the size of the dam is immediately striking. No, it is not high (only 96 m), but its length (2 690 m) is impressive. And, as I said, there are two of them: a concrete gravity dam and a rock-fill dam with an asphalt concrete diaphragm.
11. The rock fill dam has a length of 1,861.3 m, a maximum height of 77 m (ridge elevation 212.0 m) and a ridge width of 20 m. It consists of upstream and downstream thrust prisms made of rock fill and a dividing prism of an asphalt concrete diaphragm, which is designed to prevent water from filtering through the body of the dam. The width of the asphalt concrete diaphragm at the base is 3.9 m, in the upper part - 0.8 m. Two-layer transition zones from various rocks and soil adjoin the diaphragm on both sides. The bottom of the reservoir, adjacent to the dam, is reinforced with a waterproof cover. To increase the strength of the slope base, anti-landslide stone-soil embankments were erected.
12. A concrete dam with a length of 828.7 m and a maximum height of 96 m (ridge elevation 214.0 m) consists of a blind dam (total length 339.2 m, section No. 0-10), station (270 m, section No. 11-19 ) and spillway parts (200 m, Spillway No. 1 - sections No. 24-28, Spillway No. 2 - No. 20-22), which, in turn, are cut by structural expansion joints into sections. Between the concrete dam and the KNP, there is a mating abutment consisting of sections 30 to 34.
13. The pressure structures of the Boguchanskaya HPP form a large reservoir with a design area of 2,326 km² (including 1961 km² in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 365 km² in the Irkutsk Region) and a length of 375 km. The elevation of the normal headwater level (NPL) of the reservoir is 208.0 m above sea level.
14. The building of the hydroelectric power station itself is located in the downstream behind the station part of the dam, has a classical dam structure. Its total length (together with the assembly site adjoining from the left bank) is 331 m, the distance between the axes of the hydraulic units is 30 m. No. 9).
16. View from the downstream of the main structures of the HPP building and the concrete dam
17. We were lucky, the idle spillway was working. It is a pity that the pictures do not convey all the beauty, but on the video, in a state of such an effect of water energy, I was somehow confused to shoot, which of course I regret, but next time I will definitely fix it
18. The station has two spillways, which are located within the concrete dam. If the Spillway No. 1 is of the usual bottom type, then the Spillway No. 2 is of the surface type, with the extinguishing of the flow energy both in the stilling well and on the stepped edge of the weir. This design is an innovation in the Russian hydro-construction industry.
Spillway No. 1 is 110 m long and consists of 5 sections (No. 24-28) 22 m long each. The spillway has two rows of holes: in the lower row at 130.0 m there are 5 temporary holes of 14 × 12 m and in the upper row of 10 holes (two in each section) with a cross section of 4 × 6.5 m. the period of continuous operation is 7060 m³ / s.
Spillway No. 2 is 90 m long and consists of 3 sections (No. 20-22). The spillway consists of a smooth spillway head, a transitional section with steps 0.5 m high, a spillway edge with steps 1.5 m high and a stilling well formed by concrete slabs 4.5 m thick. Water is passed through 5 spans 10 m wide at the threshold spillway at an elevation of 179.0 m at the initial stage of filling the reservoir and 199.0 m during the period of continuous operation. The discharge capacity of this spillway No. 2 is 2,800 m³ / s.
At an elevation of 161.2 m under spillway No. 2 there is a transport tunnel with a length of 76 m and a width of 3.3 m
20. These triangular supports on the crest of the dam are the foundations for the future road.
21. General view of the turbine room
23. Nine vertical hydraulic units with a capacity of 333 MW are installed in the turbine hall. each, with radial-axial turbines PO75-V-750, operating at a design head of 65.5 m (maximum 70.8 m) and having a capacity of 340 MW, manufactured by OJSC Power Machines (turbine PO75-V-750 - a branch of OJSC Power Machines Leningrad Metal Plant and the SV 1548 / 203-66 UHL4 hydrogenerator - a branch of Power Machines Electrosila (St. Petersburg).
24. And again about the size, I have never seen such turbines, I later learned that the ones installed here are the largest in weight (more than 1,000 tons) and dimensions (the diameter of the turbine impeller is 7.86 meters) among all manufactured in Russia. Here's another feature of the station!
28. Well, then we ran through the corridors, sticking our nose at each door :) This is the generator floor
32. Compressor room / Fire extinguishing pumping station / Pumping station for draining the flow path of hydroelectric units and drainage of the hydroelectric power station / and the next entrances of the station
33. And this is the Central Control Panel of the Boguchanskaya HPP. By the way, I have never seen such a spectacular panel as here.
Boguchanskaya HPP is a station of a new wave, therefore, power is delivered through modern complete gas-insulated switchgear (GIS), and there are two of them at once - GIS 220 kV and GIS 500 kV, manufactured by the Swiss company "ABB".
38. With GIS 220 kV, electricity is supplied directly to overhead power lines.
The Boguchanskaya HPP, like many large-scale Soviet construction projects that began in the 70s and 80s of the last century, did not escape the fate of long-term construction. One of the first mentions of it can be found in the transcripts of the XXII Congress of the CPSU, when the first secretary of the Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev set the task of building the station by 1980. However, due to the enormous strain of forces with which the country was building other hydroelectric power plants, this year the station has just begun to be built. And only in the new century, after two decades of freezing, the construction site revived and moved at a rather vigorous pace towards a safe commissioning.
So, in order.
1971 year
The need for the construction of hydroelectric power plants was determined: Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of February 1, 1971, No. 65 "On measures for further comprehensive development in 1971 - 1980. of the productive forces of the Krasnoyarsk Territory ".
1974 year
In October, the first construction troops arrived at the BoGES construction site. These were the experienced hydroelectric builders of the BratskGESstroy trust, who had already managed not only the Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk hydroelectric power stations, but also thermal power plants in Buryatia and Yakutia.
1976 year
On May 10, the Construction Department of the Boguchanskaya HPP was established as part of the Bratskgesstroy enterprise, the legal successor of which is JSC Boguchanskaya HPP.
Igor Borisovich Mikhailov was appointed head of the USBoHES. A graduate of the Moscow Highway Institute, from the late fifties he worked on the construction of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station: he was a foreman, a senior foreman, then headed the department for the construction of roads at BratskGESstroy. By this time, the team of hydroconstructors consisted of 647 people.
1977 year
Piles were driven under the first house in Kodinsk, the future city of hydro-builders. Young specialists at that time went to the construction site of the century not only “behind the fog and the smell of the taiga,” but also for a new comfortable apartment. By the way, this Soviet practice has survived in Kodinsk to this day: here new settlers do not buy, but receive apartments from the state. The construction was announced by the All-Union Komsomolskaya shock construction site.
1978 year
By order of the "Hydroproject", the Boguchansk expedition is united with the Angarsk one, which was created back in 1954 for surveys for the Bratsk hydroelectric power station. In the same 1978, the village of Kodinsky Zaimka was renamed into the working village of Kodinsky by the decision of the Executive Committee of the Regional Council of Working People's Deputies.
1979 year
By order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of December 7, 1979 No. 2699 r, the technical design of the Boguchanskaya HPP with an installed capacity of 2997 MW and an electricity production of 17.6 billion kWh per year was approved.
1980s
On June 18, 1980, the first cubic meter of earth was recovered at the facility. This day is considered to be the beginning of the construction of the station. At a rally dedicated to this event, in honor of the excavation of the first cube of soil for the main structures, the collective took an additional obligation to remove 250,000 cubic meters of soil from the BoGES foundation pit by the opening day of the XXVI Party Congress.
Exactly one year after the symbolic removal of the first ladle from the excavation pit of the BoGES, the 600,000th milestone was behind, i.e. more than half of the planned volume of earth and rock works.
The cofferdam of the right bank was completed in September 1981, and a couple of months later, water was pumped out of the pit and excavation work began. Soon the station was declared an all-Union Komsomol shock construction site, on its site the names of the universities of Moscow and Leningrad, Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk sounded. Throughout the 80s, cases of parasitism, considered in the city court of Kodinsk, could be counted on one hand.
The first cubic meter of concrete was placed in the concrete part of the dam on April 17, 1982, and the 100-thousandth one in 1984.
The hangar in the alignment of the Boguchanskaya HPP was closed only in October 1987. According to the Soviet tradition - to the anniversary, the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution. At this time, the time of great achievements ended, and the construction site actually froze for two long decades.
1990s
Years of stagnation. The construction was frozen. In accordance with the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated April 30, 1980, No. 798r, the start-up of the first units was scheduled for 1988, and the completion of construction - in 1992. However, due to insufficient funding, the start-up date of the HPP was repeatedly postponed by orders of the USSR Ministry of Energy: from 04/27/1987 No. 134a - to 1993; dated 16.11.1988, No. 620 - for 1994; from 11/10/1989 - for 1995. Government Decree Russian Federation of March 26, 1994, No. 236, the start-up of the hydroelectric power station was determined in 1997, but this deadline was not met either, since the completion of the station was practically stopped.
2005 year
On April 12, 2005, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 412 "On measures for the socio-economic development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Taimyr (Dolgano-Nenets)" autonomous region and Evenki Autonomous Okrug ", where the Government of the Russian Federation was instructed to provide government support in ensuring the start of operation of the Boguchanskaya HPP in 2010 and preparation of the reservoir flooding zone.
On June 29, 2005, a Memorandum of Intent was signed between RAO UES of Russia (OAO HydroOGK) and OAO RUSAL on the joint completion of the construction of the Boguchanskaya HPP and the further creation of the Boguchansk Energy Metallurgical Association (BEMO) on the basis of the hydroelectric power plant. the key object of which will be the Boguchansky aluminum plant - the main consumer of the hydroelectric power station.
2006 year
In accordance with the order of RAO UES of Russia, OJSC No. 820 of December 15, 2005, “On the reversal of work on the start of construction of the Boguchanskaya HPP in 2006”, the pace of work lost in previous years was fully resumed at the construction site of the hydroelectric power station.
On April 21, 2006, by the decision of the Board of Directors of RAO UES of Russia, Minutes No. 220, the participation of HydroOGK in the joint project of the Boguchansk Energy and Metallurgical Association (BEMO) with RUSAL was approved. The company's representatives on the Board of Directors of JSC HydroOGK were instructed to vote for decisions related to the creation of the corporate structure of the project.
On May 31, 2006, HydroOGK and RUSAL announced the signing of a Cooperation Agreement between the open joint stock company Federal Hydroelectric Company, RUSAL, RUSAL, RUSAL LIMITED, RUSAL ENERGY LIMITED and RAO UES of Russia in the joint implementation of a project to create the Boguchansk Energy and Metallurgical Association (BEMO). Further financing of the construction of the Boguchansk hydroelectric power station and the Boguchansk aluminum smelter was decided to be carried out on a parity basis.
On December 27, 2006, JSC HydroOGK (JSC RusHydro) and UC RUSAL summed up the results of a tender for the supply of nine hydro turbines and nine hydro generators with a nominal capacity of 333 MW each for the Boguchanskaya HPP. OJSC Power Machines became the winner of the competition.
2007 year
On April 17, 2007 the Investment Agreement on joint financing was signed investment project"Integrated development of the Nizhny Priangarye", which is based on the BEMO project (Boguchanskoye energy and metallurgical association), at the expense of Investment fund Of the Russian Federation and funds of commercial organizations. The agreement was concluded between the responsible executors - the Federal Road Agency, Federal agency railway transport and the Federal Energy Agency, the State Customer - the Krasnoyarsk Territory Administration Council and the Krasnoyarsk Territory Development Corporation, representing the interests of co-investors - United Company Russian Aluminum, JSC HydroOGK (JSC RusHydro), Vnesheconombank.
In October 2007, the temporary lock of the Boguchanskaya HPP was closed, which since 1988 has been used to pass timber in rafts, ships with cargo and supplies building materials for the dam. The initial design envisaged the operation of the temporary lock for 4 years, but due to the long suspension of construction, it functioned until October 2007. Closing the sluice is an important stage in the construction of the Boguchanskaya HPP; in terms of its importance, this technological process is equated to the closure of bottom holes before filling the reservoir of the HPP.
2008 year
In July 2008, at the Boguchanskaya HPP, the closing of the pressure pipelines of all the turbines of the station was completed - the last link of the pipeline of the ninth aggregate section of the dam was installed. In total, 4320 tons of metal structures and 1700 tons of steel were installed on nine water pipelines. reinforcement cages... The ninth pipeline was installed in record time - in one calendar month.
In September 2008, a barge with hydraulic turbine equipment with a total weight of 400 tons was unloaded at the berth for heavy ships of JSC Boguchanskaya HPP, which is intended for the installation of the first of nine hydroelectric units of the station. The radial-axial impeller, the shaft of the first hydraulic unit and the turbine covers were manufactured at the Leningrad Metal Plant (LMZ).
year 2009
Investors in the construction of the plant of JSC RusHydro and UC RUSAL have been instructed by the Government of the Russian Federation to accelerate the commissioning of power units of the Boguchanskaya HPP in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in order to replace the capacities of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP temporarily lost as a result of the accident that occurred in Khakassia on August 17, 2009. The phased start-up of 9 hydroelectric units of the Boguchanskaya HPP with an installed capacity of 3000 MW to provide electricity to consumers of the United Energy System (UES) of Siberia, will create the necessary capacity reserve for passing peak loads in winter.
2010 year
In July 2010, the Supervisory Board of Vneshekonobank State Corporation approved the provision of financing for the completion of the Boguchansk HPP and the first stage of the Boguchansk Aluminum Smelter, which are part of the Boguchansk Energy Metallurgical Association (BEMO), for total amount 50 billion rubles. 28.1 billion rubles were allocated for the construction of the hydroelectric power station, and the equivalent of 21.9 billion rubles in US dollars for the construction of the plant. The loan term for the completion of BoHPP is 16 years, for BoAZ - 14 years.
December 1, 2010 JSC "Boguchanskaya HPP" and the state corporation "Bank for Development and foreign economic activity(Vnesheconombank) "concluded an agreement providing for the allocation of credit funds to finance the completion of the Boguchansk hydroelectric power station, which is part of the Boguchansk energy and metallurgical association (BEMO). JSC RusHydro acts as a guarantor for this credit agreement... The deal was approved by an extraordinary General meeting shareholders of JSC RusHydro October 22, 2010.
2011
In April 2011, the formation of the heat circuit of the turbine hall from the assembly site to HA No. 5 was completed. The formed thermal circuit creates everything the necessary conditions for further installation of hydraulic units of the start-up complex in any weather conditions. The building is heated by 28 electric heaters EK-42P with a capacity of 42 kW each.
In July 2011, JSC Boguchanskaya HPP received the status of a wholesale market entity. Obtaining the status of a wholesale market entity will allow Boguchanskaya HPP, after commissioning, to independently sell electricity and capacity on the wholesale market, including concluding long-term bilateral agreements with large consumers and energy sales companies. Earlier, Boguchanskaya HPP OJSC also joined the Market Council non-commercial partnership.
In September 2011, a long-term transport operation was completed for the delivery of bulky, heavy cargo to the hydroelectric power station - the impellers of units No. 8 and 9 and several transformers were delivered. At the same time, an operation began to fill the construction pit in the downstream of the station, a few days later the first two temporary bottom holes were closed.
In October of the same year, after the completion of construction and installation work, the installation of 220 and 500 kV GIS equipment was started. The rock-fill dam has been erected along its entire length to the level of 202 meters. Based on the results of work in 2011, the rock-fill and concrete dam of the station, the main hydro-power and hydro-mechanical equipment of the first three units are fully ready for the beginning of filling the reservoir and the first stage of the station start-up.
year 2012
In the first ten days of May 2012, after the closing of the last bottom holes, filling of the Boguchansky reservoir begins. Design and survey and research institute Hydroproject named after S.A. Zhuk, Institute Gidrospetsproekt, research institutes NIIES, VNIIG im. B.E. Vedeneeva, a branch of the Institute Hydroproject TsSGNEO and other organizations conduct regular inspections of the condition of the concrete rock-fill dam, buildings and structures of the hydroelectric power station.
On September 25, 2012, a program of idle-running tests of systems and equipment of hydroelectric unit No. 2 started, on October 1, tests of GA No. 1 began. On October 15, at the command of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, the first two units were connected to the network, on October 25, GA No.3 was switched on.
At the end of November 2012, JSC Boguchanskaya HPP received permission from the Yenisei Department of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor) to allow power plants to operate.
On December 1, 2012, the HPP began supplying electricity to the wholesale market.
year 2013
Unit 4 was put into commercial operation on January 21, unit 5 on November 5, unit 6 on December 6, 2013.
In February 2013, the Yenisei Department of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision issued to JSC Boguchanskaya HPP a conclusion on the compliance of the first stage of construction of the Boguchanskaya HPP with the requirements of technical regulations and project documentation... This means that the construction of the facility was carried out in strict compliance with all modern rules and regulations based on the principles of technical and environmental safety. The opinion was issued based on the results of inspections carried out by Rostechnadzor in December 2012 and February 2013. The first stage of the construction of the hydroelectric power station included the commissioning of hydroelectric units with station numbers 1, 2 and 3 with a total capacity of 1000 megawatts, as well as the construction of buildings, structures and installation of equipment necessary for this.
Based on the conclusion of the Yenisei Department of Rostekhnadzor, the Kezhemsky District Administration of the Krasnoyarsk Territory issued a permit to OAO Boguchanskaya HPP to commission the facilities of the first stage of the HPP construction. The obtained permission allows JSC "Boguchanskaya HPP" to register the plant as an object of ownership in Federal Service state registration, inventory and cartography (Rosreestre).
year 2014
Pre-start tests of units No. 7 and 8 with connection to the network for 72 hours were completed in July 2014. An application to start testing unit No. 9 was submitted in September 2014.
In 2014, Rostekhnadzor permits were obtained for the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh stages of construction, which includes the building of the service and production building (SPK), which houses the Central Control Panel of the station, hydraulic units No. 6, No. 7, No. 8 and No. nine. In total, in order to obtain permission to put the entire HPP into commercial operation and bring the plant to its design capacity of 3000 MW, JSC Boguchanskaya HPP needs to obtain a conclusion from Rostekhnadzor on the last - eighth stage of the plant's construction.
In the first months of operation, the station generated about 8 million kWh per day, or about 250 million kWh per month. Energy went mainly to consumers of Kezhemsky and Boguchansky districts, who immediately felt an increase in the reliability of power supply - before that, for 30 years, energy was supplied through an old power transmission line with wooden supports from the Irkutsk region. In the summertime, these supports often burned out, which is why Kodinsk was often left without electricity. In March 2013, the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station produced a billionth kilowatt, in December - 5 billionth. At the end of July 2014, the meters recorded the generation of 10 billion, at the end of 2014 - it exceeded 14 billion. In June 2014, the station produced 984.67 million kWh (in June 2013 - 294 million kWh); in the first half of 2014 - 4 billion 242 million kWh (for the same period in 2013 - 1 billion 623 million kWh). The increase in production is associated with the filling of the reservoir to the level of 204 m and the commissioning of the next facilities of the power distribution scheme. All nine hydraulic units were put into operation at the station. The last hydroelectric unit with station number 9 was launched on December 22, 2014.
After a year of operation, the first units of the station went through the procedure overhaul... The main task of the 43-day work was to assess the condition of the hydro-turbine unit and generator after a year of operation at starting heads (185-188 m instead of the design 208 m).
At the end of the 3rd quarter of 2014, Boguchanskaya HPP once again took second place in the rating "Generating companies - efficiency in the market", which was compiled by the retail electric energy and capacity ”(NP“ Market Council ”). A high result was achieved due to the second place in the intermediate rating, where the unit cost of producing 1 MWh of electricity and the specific profit per 1 MWh of generation was estimated. The compilers of the rating noted the growth of the station's indicators in the nomination "Equipment readiness for operation", reflecting the extent to which the generating company maintains the equipment in working order.
Probably, this is one of the biggest long-term construction projects of the USSR times. The construction of the hydroelectric power station began in 1980, but in the early 90s, due to the difficult situation in the economy, accompanied by a decline in energy consumption, the construction of the hydroelectric power station largely lost its meaning. The huge construction site was actually frozen from 1994 to 2005 due to lack of funds. In 2004, the availability of HPP structures was 58%. Since 2006, work has been launched to complete the construction of the HPP jointly by JSC RusHydro and JSC Rusal.
34 photos, total weight 5.5 MB
1. First you need to get to Kodinsk somehow. We flew on an An-24RV charter from Cheremshanka airport (Krasnoyarsk).2. Photos of the flight and the almost godforsaken airport of Kodinsk. It is he who is filming the view of the street.
3. Downstream. A gravity concrete dam 79 m high and 776 m long and a hydroelectric dam building.
4. Since construction has been going on for over 30 years, a whole collection of various tower cranes has been assembled on the site.
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5. Headwater.
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6. Grids that prevent various debris from entering the hydraulic units. 575 cubic meters of water will flow through each hydraulic unit per second.
7. In 1987 the bed of the Angara was blocked by a concrete dam with a temporary lock. What was a temporary dam here is not very clear, but you can see the sluice behind the spillway. Now the whole Angara flows through these "holes".
8. In the late 1980s, the hydropower project was sharply criticized by environmentalists, who at that time had great public support.
9. There will be water soon. Plenty of water. The pressure head structures of the hydroelectric power station (the length of the pressure front is 2,587 m) will create a large Boguchanskoye reservoir with an area of 2,326 km², with a total volume of 58.2 km³. When preparing the reservoir bed, 149.5 thousand hectares of land are flooded, including 29.6 thousand hectares of farmland, it was necessary to relocate 12.2 thousand people from 31 settlements. The created reservoir is most of all criticized by ecologists - they point to large areas of flooded land, farmland, and forests. Also, the beginning of the operation of the BoHPP will lead to the flooding of a large number of archaeological sites of high historical importance.
10. In general, of course, a very large-scale construction project. At the same time, you understand that this dam is not the largest.
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11. According to the approved 1979 project, the HPP should have a capacity of 3,000 MW, an average annual output of 17.6 billion kWh. In the building of the hydroelectric power station, 9 radial-axial hydraulic units with a capacity of 333 MW each must be installed, operating at a design head of 67 m.
12. Some kind of hairpins.
13. "Native" - an inscription on the turbine cover.
14. For the sake of scale, I asked Dima to stand next to him.
15. First of all, with a head of 185-186 meters (the standard NPU is 208 meters), two hydroelectric units will be commissioned. If the flooding of the reservoir begins this fall, then the Boguchanskaya HPP will give the first current in April 2012.
16. Dima is on the edge of a very large and deep hole. Somewhere down there, an impeller will be installed, and then on top - a generator.
17. Downward view.
18. And not a very good vertical panorama.
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19. Blade of the guide vane.
20. Lower b'ef. Soon the earthen jumper on the left will be dismantled.
21. Culverts.
22. Hangar passing through the bottom spillway. Above it, you can see the oval holes of the first standard spillway. It is not very clear why the lower one cannot be used, the existing one.
23. And this is the second spillway. Made according to a unique step pattern. It is unique for Russia, where such have not been used before.
24. Rock fill dam with an asphalt-concrete diaphragm.
25. Entrance to the gallery, which runs in the body of the dam.
26. Dumping stone into the dam. The diaphragm is clearly visible in the center.
27. And the forests there are already burning with might and main!
28. Completion of the hydroelectric power station is of great importance for the development of the Lower Angara region and the Siberian economic region as a whole. More than half of the electricity generated by the hydroelectric power station is planned to be used at the aluminum plant under construction.
29. By the way, OJSC Krasnoyarskenergo bought all the electricity produced by the Boguchanskaya HPP until 2028.
30. There is a technological road along the dam.
31. It is temporary until the road is completed along the very edge.
32. There is a ferry for residents in summer and an ice crossing in winter. But during periods when it is still early for the ferry, and the ice is no longer holding, ordinary transport is also allowed to pass along this road. But at strictly defined hours.
33. Kodinsk.
34. Upon departure from Kodinsk, the crew, at our request, slightly tightened the first U-turn there and we flew near the dam. Unfortunately, we still didn't get good shots.
Thanks to JSC RusHydro for organizing this trip.
Have you ever seen a real "construction site of the century"? For me, who grew up in the post-Soviet era, this very phrase has always seemed to be something from the realm of the epic. The Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station on the Angara, one of the largest and most modern hydroelectric power plants in Russia, was the main goal of our press tour with RusHydro, and he talked about the long road to it. BoGES completely changed the taiga region, flooding old-time villages and giving life to new factories, mines, cities - something has already been built, something is only being planned, but the spirit of the Development of Siberia is still in the air here. For a day and a half, we climbed the HPP literally from the bottom up, watched the tests of its spillway, talked with its employees - all this is enough for two more posts: static (about the HPP as an object) and dynamic (about how this reportage was actually done). Let's start with statics, all the more so for me the Boguchanskaya HPP became the first large enterprise that I had a chance to inspect from the inside.
Disclaimer!
I am not an expert in hydraulic engineering and electric power engineering, therefore, errors are possible in the text! Comments and corrections are welcome and will be made - but only if they are made without rudeness and sarcasm.
The Boguchanskaya HPP was under construction for almost 40 years, and taking into account the design, it was almost 70. The project of the Angarsk HPP cascade was outlined back in 1947, and its fourth link was supposed to be a hydroelectric power plant near the village of Boguchany in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. It came to exploration only in 1961, when Irkutsk was already in full swing and began to be put into operation, while the planned place of the fourth stage shifted a hundred kilometers upstream - it would be more appropriate to call the future hydroelectric power station Kezhemskaya or Kodinskaya. In 1974, when the Ust-Ilimsk hydroelectric power station began to be commissioned, they began to prepare a site for Boguchanskaya - to lay roads and communications, to clear the area, to build the town of Kodinsk hydro-builders. In 1976, the Directorate for the construction of the BoHPP was created, and the construction of the dam itself began in 1980. Initially, it was planned to put it into operation in 1988-92, putting into operation in turn 12 hydroelectric units with a total capacity of 4000 MW, but things in the country were getting worse, funding was getting cut, the timing was dragging on, and finally, in the 1990s, construction almost stopped. .. but life was glowing here all this time, the unfinished dam was maintained in an adequate condition, people continued to work, and unlike many similar places in the north, there did not even begin a mass exodus "to the mainland".
2. Approximately the same BoGES was about 15 years old. Photo from the official site.
The Boguchansk hydro-builders were waiting in the wings ... and that hour came in 2006. The gigantic HPPs of the Angara-Yenisei cascade do not exist on their own, but in conjunction with no less gigantic aluminum plants - aluminum smelting is extremely energy-intensive, electricity accounts for about 40% of the cost of the "winged metal", and for example, the same Bratsk HPP 70% of its output gives to the world's largest Bratsk aluminum plant. This is how the BEMO project arose - the Boguchansky energy and metallurgical complex, joint project RusHydro and RusAl, the center of which is the dual system of the Boguchansk hydroelectric power station and the Boguchansk aluminum plant, the third largest in Russia (after the Bratsk and Krasnoyarsk, up to 600 thousand tons of aluminum per year) - it will receive about 60% of the hydroelectric power, and (here we imagine Oleg Deripaska rather rubbing his hands) practically at cost. The first hydroelectric unit of BoHPP started up in 2011, the last (9th) - in December 2014, just a couple of weeks ago, the filling of the reservoir was completed, and the launch of BoAZ is scheduled for autumn.
Boguchanskaya HPP became the fifth in Russia in terms of capacity (2997 MW - and why not promised 4000, I will tell you a little later) after Sayano-Shushenskaya, Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk - that is, yielding to its Siberian "sisters" all the same, it is noticeably more powerful than any hydroelectric power plant in the European part of Russia, and among all hydroelectric power plants in the world somewhere in the third ten. Its length is 2690 meters, of which 2/3 (1961 meters) falls on a rock-fill dam 77 meters high ...
And another 828 meters - on a concrete dam 96 meters high. Is it a lot or a little? Well, the Sayano-Shushenskaya dam is 240 meters high, the Bratskaya dam is 124 meters high, and yet a hundred-meter concrete wall is VERY impressive.
Below, under pink roofs, one can clearly see the white building of hydraulic drives above the spillway, a blue machine room with 9 hydraulic units inside and a building of control and distribution devices parallel to the shore - we will still see all of them from the inside. And the strange "teeth" are nothing more than the pillars of the bridge under construction, which will open a direct road to the deposits beyond the Angara.
Another characteristic element of BoHPP, which makes its appearance unique, is an emergency spillway designed for abnormal floods: the probability of such is estimated as less than 0.1%, it was decided to play it safe in such a case only when construction was resumed, and the spillway had to be included in the already finished "body" of the dam - hence such an unusual stepped shape, which reminds me of the Mexican pyramids. The spillway took the place that was originally allocated for 3 hydroelectric units - therefore, the power of the hydroelectric power station turned out to be one third less than it was planned under the Soviets. Thin streams of water ooze through the gates of the spillway constantly, and in the next part I will show its tests.
The building adjacent to the hydroelectric power station with the BEMO emblem - its closest part to the dam is occupied by administrative premises (note the entrance with an electronic display), but basically there is a complete switchgear - at old power plants, these are usually a huge field studded with towers and transformers. but here the technologies are more modern and everything is placed in one building - at the bottom there are transformers (in three niches), at the top (behind the blank walls) the switchgear itself.
At the entrance, behind the guard post, to the right is the administrative part, to the left is the machine room. In the administrative building - all sorts of offices (in one of which we received helmets), a small museum (the only exhibit is a model of the BoGES, as well as all sorts of stands with photographs, tables and articles) and the GES canteen - I suspect, the best catering establishment for hundreds of kilometers around, at least any cafe in Kodin is far from it in terms of quality and assortment.
Thousands of people from all over the former USSR worked at the construction site of the BoHPP, but the construction has come to an end. The plant itself has 640 employees, but average salary here 60 thousand rubles, some third-class locksmith can claim 35 thousand, and in addition, employees and their families are provided with apartments in Kodinsk and probably some other social sphere. However, there are no vacancies as such, and the requirements for employees are very high.
The machine room, as seen from that balcony in the picture above. The main building of the power plant, I do not know exactly what height and width, but in length - about 330 meters:
Above the turbine hall there are two gantry cranes, and the strange "dial" from the last shot is just a platform for cargo, for example, when replacing some equipment. In the hall there is an even and not too loud (quieter, say, than trains in the Moscow metro) noise of 9 hydroelectric generators going down under these blue circles. To the left of each is a unit that regulates the oil supply, to the right in the niches is an emergency shutdown system.
Control and monitoring panels for each hydraulic unit:
On a special display - a diagram of a hydraulic unit. The height of each of them is about 30 meters, the diameter is 7.5 meters, the power of 333 MW is about the same as the whole (!) And would be enough to supply power to a large city.
The main elements of the hydroelectric unit are the turbine (which is actually turned by the artificial waterfall created by the dam) and the generator (which, rotated by the turbine, generates current). We began to go down to the generator of one of the units. Here they are in a row under the floor of the turbine hall, each of these "barrels" corresponds to a blue circle on its floor. The workers accompanying us sharply increased their vigilance so that anyone would not wander where they should not. Water is supplied through green pipes for cooling, through brown pipes - oil:
Between the turbine and the generator, somewhere three floors below the turbine hall, there is an anti-overclocking device that does not allow the generator to gain too much speed - they say that these began to be massively installed after the disaster at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station.
The operative forbade us to approach this lever on the floor closer than half a meter - by pressing it, you can inflict tangible losses on BEMO:
The operative was generally gloomy and focused, and he took us two by two to the generator. You can look here only through a narrow opening, and as the operative said, you shouldn't drop cameras there, he won't allow you to get them out. To the layman's eyes, this is a round room with a diameter of 7.5 meters, the ceiling of which rotates at a speed of 91 rpm - impressive:
Below is a spiral chamber (that is, a swirling pipe through which water is supplied to the turbine impeller), but we did not go to it. The efficiency of the hydraulic units reaches 96%, and I don't know if there are more efficient engines.
What, however, impresses the hydroelectric power station is its low population, and in the same turbine hall, in general, it is not even clear at first glance what the workers scurrying back and forth are doing. From the turbine hall we went up to the control room of the hydroelectric power station - its window can be seen in frame no. 10 above the logos of BEMO, Rusal and RusHydro, the general view of the turbine hall from frame no. 11 is also removed from it. And this is how the brain center of the hydroelectric power station looks like itself, and they manage the entire huge system capable of providing electricity to a rather large region, only two people:
The next object is the already mentioned GIS, which stands for "SF6 switchgear". We walked to him for a long time along the corridors of the administrative building, and at the modest door there was also a very technological smoking room:
Actually, GIS is a new generation of switchgears that use SF6 gas as insulation, that is, gaseous sulfur hexofluoride, which has very interesting properties. And instead of a huge area with kilometers of wires, there is only a hall that looks like the insides of a spaceship from Star Wars:
We were shown two GIS - in the frames above, in yellow light, by 220 kilovolts, and in the frames below, in green light - by 500 kilovolts:
R2D2 Bucket included:
Most of the equipment at BoHPP - Russian production(first of all, the hydroelectric units of the Petersburg Power Machines), but there are a couple of exceptions - the transformers are made in Zaporozhye, and the switchgear is made in Switzerland.
A stepwise additional water discharge separates the main spillways from the turbine hall (in the frame above). As the engineer explained to us "on fingers", they correlate approximately like two drain holes in a sink, water comes to the main spillway from the bottom layers, and to the emergency one - practically from the surface. Above the spillways - the body of hydraulic drives that regulate the position of their gates:
And behind two buildings at the foot of the dam there is also a whole road - purely for the internal use of the hydroelectric power station.
Tunnel under the stepped spillway:
View from the crest of the dam. The pink roofs, or rather the motivation of the one who painted them this way, puzzled our entire group:
And this is how the dam looks from above ... from above, in a sense, downstream of the Angara. The reservoir is filled up to the design mark of 208 meters above sea level, or just under one hundred meters above the natural level of the river. Pay attention to the sheer cliff - most likely, the hydroelectric power station was built over the threshold, of which there are many on the Angara. The rapids greatly complicated navigation, but they gave a good hydropower potential ... however, the Angarsk hydroelectric power plants do not have locks, that is, there is no end-to-end navigation on the Angara now all the more.
Yellow cranes (with a lifting capacity of 500 tons) serve the dam itself, the gray one is building a bridge:
Work is still in full swing on the crest of the dam, it is forbidden to be here without a helmet, and the view from all this is not very presentable - in fact, like any construction site. It is inconvenient to walk here - it is a puddle, then some kind of pin. The track of gantry cranes here, by the way, is about 15 meters, and on each side there is not two, but one powerful rail - I don’t know if this undermines the reputation of the Krasnoyarsk ship lift as the world's widest track (9 meters).
The construction of the bridge is in full swing - concrete slabs are being laid on the "teeth" of the dam. A bridge across a river like the Angara is not a cheap structure in itself, but it goes to the hydroelectric power station as a natural bonus:
A curved fill dam (hiding an asphalt concrete diaphragm inside) leads to the still undeveloped right bank ... but the bridge is definitely not being built for the sake of several villages across the river.
The lock is clearly visible from here - but not navigable: the water of the Angara was passed through it while the dam was being built.
On the bank behind the hill is a building materials plant, the legacy of a completed great construction project:
Emergency rescue station:
And another very interesting object is a pier with a railway track. Railroad there is not, and even more so during the years of construction, cargo (primarily equipment that was also built very far from here) was brought along the river and delivered to the dam on rails using a powerful winch. There has never been a locomotive here, and the track, as it seemed to me, is a little wider than the standard one, "by eye" I would give something about 1800mm.
But let's return to the ridge to admire the views of the Angara from there. Upstream the driftwood, nailed to the shore - every spring it is carried out by tributaries, and over the years whole "rafts" accumulate near the pools:
Sometimes he also brings wooden houses - here are a couple standing on the right bank. One of them belonged to a sawmill, with the owner of which RusHydro had lasted for several years - they could not demolish the sawmill without a court order, they could not wait for the end of the red tape, and therefore they simply flooded it, after a couple of years they paid the owner the compensation appointed by the court. They fished out the house and put it on the outskirts of the dam:
The bed of the Angara above the hydroelectric power station, in general, does not seem to have changed much. The Boguchanskoye reservoir is large by the standards of Russia, but not the largest (2326 square kilometers, that is, two and a half times the size of Moscow within the Moscow Ring Road), stretches for more than 300 kilometers, spilling up to a maximum of 13 kilometers in width. Nevertheless, it flooded the last remnant of the Ilimsk arable land, fertile floodplain lands in the heart of the Siberian taiga, where the strongest old-timers' villages were located, the collective image of which was shown by Valentin Rasputin in his "Farewell to Matera". All huts and other monuments of wooden architecture from the flood zone were taken either to Kodinsk, or to Yeniseisk, where they planned to make a skansen, but in Kezhma there was also a headless stone Church of the Savior of the late 18th century, which went to the bottom with the construction of a hydroelectric power station - perhaps the only case deliberate destruction of the temple in post-Soviet Russia! And somehow it remained unnoticed by our Orthodox community (however, if I'm wrong - correct it, I'll be glad to hear it) ... But what kind of "construction of the century" is without the destruction of the old world?
Behind the nearest capes are the mouths of the Sukhoi and Kodinsky rivers, for some reason in these parts all of them have names in the masculine gender (or even in the middle - for example, the Syromolotovo river).
But much more interesting views open up from the ridge down the Angara, where its bed (except for the spill directly under the dam) remains natural, and at the same time very wide - from a kilometer to one and a half:
Opposite the concrete dam there is Chilbikhin Island with Michurin's gardens in Kodinsk, in the distance of the impressive size (1.8 thousand inhabitants) the village of Tagara:
Even with its own cargo port:
View from the right bank - Angara makes a steep bend and goes towards Boguchany, an old Siberian village that has now become a regional center. A road was extended there from Karabula, a timber processing complex was built there, and a bridge was opened back in 2011 - oil is being extracted beyond the Angara.
Hills, rocks, taiga ... By the way, how are such rocks called on the Angara - bulls (like on the Yenisei), cheeks (like on the Lena), or somehow in their own way?
Siberian weather is changeable, and spinning for a day and a half at the dam, we saw these places under the most different skies:
And life goes on as usual - then the fisherman will pull out a net near the coast:
Then it will crawl by autopair in anticipation of the bridge:
It's just a stone's throw from the right bank - less than 200 kilometers! - to Evenkia, the geometric center of Russia and once (before its administrative abolition) the most deaf of the regions of Russia, where there are on average three people per hundred square kilometers. The Tunguska meteorite has fallen somewhere, and the authorities have been threatening to build the Evenk hydroelectric power station for a year, which will be twice as powerful as the Sayano-Shushenskaya and will create the largest reservoir in the world.
At the end of the story about the station, I'll show you something without which all this would be just a pile of concrete and steel - its workers. They are kind of the same as you imagine them ideally - silent, well-coordinated, with well-balanced movements and calm looks of people who know their business. The overwhelming majority (but not all without exception) are young Russian guys:
They have an iron discipline here - according to our photographers, the workers even refuse to pose without instructions from their superiors:
They have some very good, light faces:
As it should be on the great construction sites sung by the Soviet epic:
Because the era of great construction projects has not sunk into oblivion:
In the next part there will be "this is a movie like we made a movie" (in the sense of a reportage) about the tests of the spillway.
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