Last update: & nbsp 02/18/2020

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Good afternoon, dear readers of the financial magazine "site"! Today we will talk about investing. We will tell you what it is and what types of investments exist, where to start and where you can invest money.

From the article you will learn:

• What are investments and what are their benefits;
• What are the most common types of investments;
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of private investment;
• What steps to take to start investing;
• What are the ways of investing personal finance there.

The article will be useful to everyone who is interested in investment. Both beginners in the field of investment and those who already have experience will find useful information for themselves.

What is investing and what types of investments are there, where to start and how to make investments correctly, where it is better to invest your money - you will learn about this and not only by reading the article to the end.

1. What is an investment in simple words and what is it for 📈

Not everyone understands that absolutely everyone is engaged in investing in the modern world. In fact, even education is special type of investment, since this is a contribution to the future, because it is a high-quality education that will help to find a good job with a decent wage.

For example, the same principle applies in sports. By exercising regularly, a person makes a contribution to beauty and health. If he is a professional athlete, each training session is an investment in future victories.

Thus, investing reflects the most important rule of human life. It reads: it is impossible to get anything in the future if nothing is done for this in the present.

From here we can deduce the main meaning of investments: they represent mental, monetary, material investments, which in the long term will lead to income in a short or long term.

Unfortunately, in Russia, as well as in the countries of the former USSR, the level of financial literacy is at a rather low level. The result is a lack of correct knowledge about the prospects for financial investments.

Most residents of this region believe that only credit organizations can engage in investment activities, government bodies as well as large companies.

There is also an opinion that only very rich people can make money on investments among individuals. In fact, absolutely everyone can engage in investments. It is enough to have a desire, as well as theoretical and practical training.

First of all, it is worth exploring investment concept ... This word comes from Latin in-vestio , which in translation means dress ... It is not entirely clear how the two words are related.

Investing in the economic sense has several definitions. We will give the easiest to understand.

Investment Is an investment in various material, as well as intangible assets for their augmentation.

Investments are made in various spheres of the economy, as well as in the social and intellectual life of people.

Investment objects, that is, property in which money is invested, can be:

• funds from different countries;
• various types of securities;
• real estate objects;
• equipment;
• objects of intellectual property.

In the case of investment, investments are made once. After that, in the future, you can count on constant profit.

Investments help overcome the basic economic rule... It says that the one who keeps money at home, their amount is continuously decreasing.

The fact is that the purchasing power of available money is constantly and inevitably declining. This leads to inflation, various economic crises , and devaluation.

Hence follows the most important the goal of any investment , which consists not only in preserving, but also in a constant increase in capital.

2. What are the benefits of investing? 📑

It is quite possible to spend a minimum of time and effort to generate income. A similar option to earn money is called. It is to this way of earning that all adequate people strive. Especially it concerns businessmen, and moneymakers, that is, people who receive income using the Internet.

One of the ways of passive earnings is investing in any profitable areas ... In other words, a successful investment allows you to count on the fact that in the end you can achieve the main goal of any sane person, which is to spend as little time as possible on earning money.

It turns out that a person will have the opportunity to do what is convenient for him. Ultimately, a successful investment will lead to the fact that there will be no need to go to work every day and spend most of your time on ensuring a decent existence for yourself and your family.

Instead of the man himself his capital will work , the investor will still receive regular and stable profits.

Many of these statements are very skeptically... This is quite understandable, given that politics and economics in our country are very unstable. But it makes sense to stop doubting, it is best to soberly assess the opportunities that open up.

Important to remember that people who are insecure in their own abilities will never be able to get rid of lack of money, as well as from the heavy yoke of an employee.

Many people wonder why someone succeeds, while others cannot get out of the debt hole. The point is not at all about the existing talents, high performance, excellent. In fact, it all lies in the fact that some people know how to effectively dispose of their funds, while others do not.

Even those with the same initial assets can end up with completely different returns. This is largely due to the cardinal difference in attitudes towards material, as well as personal resources.

Thus, success can be achieved only if the available assets are correctly directed, in other words, they are invested.

Should be kept in mind that what was said applies not only to money and property, but also to mental abilities, energy, and also time.

Literate and profitable investment bring the following benefits to life:

• profit that does not depend on time costs;
• financial independence;
• free time for family activities, hobbies, travel and other things;
• a stable future in which you can be sure.

By investing wisely, you can forget about the need to spend a significant amount of time to meet your needs. You should not expect that absolutely nothing will have to be done, it will be necessary study , analyze , and to risk .

Nevertheless, sooner or later, such efforts will give positive result... As it can be stable profit ... At first, most likely it will only be an additional income, but gradually it will be able to become the main .

In addition, invaluable experience will certainly be gained in the investment process. It will definitely come in handy in the future, even if you fail to make substantial money. By the way, in one of the articles we wrote, without attachments.

Classification of forms and types of investments

3. The main types of investments and their classification 📊

Investments are heterogeneous. A huge number of their types can be distinguished. Moreover, each of them has unique characteristics.

The variety of criteria according to which investments can be described leads to the existence of a large number of classifications. We will tell about five basic.

Type 1. Depending on the investment object

One of the most important characteristics of an investment is the object in which the funds are invested.

The following classification is based on this feature:

• Speculative investment imply the acquisition of any asset (securities, foreign currency, precious metals) for their subsequent sale after the increase in value.
• Financial investments- capital investment in different financial instruments... Most often, for this purpose, securities are used, as well as mutual funds.
• Venture investments- investments in promising, actively developing, often recently created companies. In this case, they are expected to start generating huge profits in the future. Read more about it in a separate article in our magazine.
• Real investment involve the investment of funds in various forms of real capital. This can be the acquisition of a land plot, investments in construction, the purchase of a ready-made business, copyright, licenses.

Type 2. By investment term

For investors, it is of great importance for what period of time their funds will be limited in their use. In other words, the term is important, that is, the time for which the money will be invested.

Depending on this feature, the following types of investments are distinguished:

• short term for which the investment period does not exceed a year;
• mid-term- investments for 1-5 years;
• long-term- the money will be invested for more than 5 years.

A separate group can also be distinguished annuity investment that can be done for any period of time. Moreover, the profit from them comes periodically.

A prime example are bank deposits with monthly transfer of interest to a separate account.

Type 3. Depending on the form of ownership

If we consider the entity that invests funds as a classification criterion, we can single out:

• private investment- investments are made by an individual;
• foreign- funds are invested by foreign citizens and companies;
• public investment- the subject is various state bodies.

There are situations when not all invested money belongs to one entity. In this case, they talk about combined or mixed investment.

For example, part of the invested money belongs to the state, the rest - to a private investor.

Type 4. By risk level

One of the most important indicators of any investment is the level of risk. Traditionally, it is directly related to profitability. In other words, the higher the risk, the more profit it will bring investment instrument.

Depending on the level of risk, all investments are divided into three groups(arranged in ascending order of the degree of riskiness):

• conservative;
• moderate risk investments;
• aggressive investment.

Despite the fact that there are investors who, in the pursuit of high returns, agree to have their investments exposed to high risks, most still avoid high-risk investments. It concerns how newbies and experienced investors.

The solution to the problem can be diversification , which, although it does not help to completely eliminate the risk, can significantly reduce it. Diversification is understood as the distribution of capital among several types of investments.

View 5. According to the purpose of investment

Depending on the intended purpose, the following types of investment are traditionally distinguished:

• direct investments imply capital investment in the field of material production, sale of goods and services, the investor usually receives part of the authorized capital of the company, which is at least 10%;
• portfolio involve investing in various securities (usually stocks and bonds), active investment management is not expected;
• intellectual involve investment by the company's management in training employees, conducting various courses and trainings;
• non-financial investments- money is invested in various projects (equipment, machinery), as well as rights and licenses.

Thus, there are several classifications of investments depending on different criteria.

Due to the variety of types, each investor can choose the type of investment that is ideal for him.

4. Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Investment 💡

Like any other economic process, private investment has its own pros and minuses... It is important to carefully study them before starting any investments. This will help further improve the efficiency of the process.

Pros ( +) private investment

The following are the benefits of private investment:

1. Investing is a type of passive income. This is the most important investment advantage. It is for the sake of passive income most people start investing. To obtain equivalent sums of money an investor spends much less time and effort than one who actively works as an employee.
2. The investment process is very interesting and also helps to learn new things. Cognition investment activities is to increase financial literacy gaining experience with various investment instruments. At the same time, traditional wage labor is monotonous, which is largely why it becomes hateful. In this regard, the investment benefits significantly.
3. Investing allows you to diversify the income you receive. Traditionally, each person receives income from one source - wages from the employer or retirement... Less often, one or two sources are added to them, for example, rental income... At the same time, investing allows you to distribute capital between an unlimited number of assets, which will make it possible to receive income from various sources. Thanks to this approach, you can significantly increase the security of your personal or family budget. It turns out that in case of loss of income from one source, funds will continue to flow from others.
4. Investing provides an opportunity to realize yourself, as well as achieve your goals. Practice proves that it is the investors who have the most chances to achieve their goals, as well as to become successful. This is due to the fact that exactly investing allows you to achieve material well-being as well as free up a significant portion of the time. This time can be spent on family, hobbies, self-realization. It is the investors who are most often at the top of the richest people 'ratings.
5. In theory, the income generated from the investment process is unlimited. Indeed, the amount of active income is always limited by how much time and effort was spent. At the same time, at passive income there are no such restrictions. Moreover, if in the process of investing the profit is not withdrawn, but re-invested, the return on investment will increase according to the compound interest formula.

Minuses ( -) private investment

Despite the significant number of advantages, investments have disadvantages as well.

Among them are the following:

1. The main disadvantage of investing is risk. Regardless of which investment instrument will be used, there is a possibility of full or partial loss of the invested capital. Of course, if you invest in reliable assets, the risk will be minimal, but still it persists .
2. Investing is fraught with nervous stress. This is especially true for beginners. Often, the value of the instrument in which the funds were invested moves in the wrong direction where the investor would like. Naturally, this leads to the formation of a loss, even if it is temporary. In these situations, investors are exposed to serious psychological stress.
3. A large amount of knowledge is required for a successful investment. It will be required constantly to learn and improve oneself... On the one hand, the acquisition of additional knowledge is a useful process and no one will be superfluous. On the other hand, this will take a lot of time. Besides, it is important to have desire and self-discipline , which not everyone has. At the same time, in the absence necessary knowledge private investing becomes like wandering in the dark.
4. The investment process most often does not guarantee constant profit. There are very few tools that guarantee income. More often, investors have to focus on the forecast values, which cannot always be achieved in the event of a change in the market situation. Moreover, sometimes private investment leads to education loss... Compared to investments, various options for active earnings provide more guarantees of obtaining a constant amount of income.
5. To start investing, you need money capital. Moreover, if it is planned to live with dignity and support a family from the profit received, the amount of investment will be very significant... The creation of such capital can take a significant amount of time and effort.

Thus, comparing Benefits and limitations investment, we can conclude that the pros still outweigh the cons .

Of course, it is up to everyone to decide whether to invest in capital. However, we believe it is better to invest.

For starters, you can use small amounts and instruments with minimal risk.

How to invest money correctly in 5 steps - instructions for beginners (dummies)

5. How to Invest Money - A Step-by-Step Guide to Investing for Beginners 📝

Many novice investors are wondering how to start investing effectively. That is why further in the article we give step by step instructions... It will help anyone who wants to take the first steps in investing and thereby achieve their financial goals.

Of course, the initial situation is different for each investor. However, one can distinguish general rules to be followed, they are useful for all cases and every investor.

To start investing, you need to overcome eight consecutive steps. You shouldn't skip any of them to be successful.

Step 1. Assessment of the existing financial situation and putting in order of personal finances

First of all, you should describe your income ... At the same time, the source of income should be determined, how regular and stable they are. In addition, their size should be fixed.

Further evaluated expenses , they should be recorded by article. At the same time, they must mark the category of expenses, that is, are they one-off, regular or irregular.

The next item of the financial plan- description of available assets ... It can be automobile, apartment, bank deposits, land and summer cottages, securities, share in authorized capital etc. It is important to indicate the value of each of the assets, as well as the amount of profit from it.

After that, it is calculated profitability of each asset, which is equal to the ratio of the profit they bring to the value. Most likely, all or most of the assets will be unprofitable or entail additional costs. At this stage, this situation is quite normal.

After the assets are described, it is also important to make a list liabilities ... These can be any obligations - credits, including mortgage, as well as others debts, for example, taxes and insurance premiums.

At this stage, it is important to assess the amount of expenses that are paid for the corresponding obligations. annually... It is also worth evaluating as a percentage the ratio of the expense to the total amount of obligations.

The budget should now be estimated by calculating two ratios:

1. Investment resource- the difference between income and expenses;
2. Net equity- the difference between assets and liabilities.

Ideally, the value of the first indicator should be at least 10 -20 percent of the amount of income. If the size of the investment resource has not reached this value, or turned out to be less than zero, before starting investment, you will have to resort to measures of financial recovery of the budget.

In the course of drawing up and analyzing the financial plan, you should be as honest as possible, you should not try to embellish the current situation. It is important in the budget to describe everything exactly as it really is.

It is important to understand that exactly the budget drawn up in this step is basis future financial plan, without which it will not be possible to draw up a quality plan.

Thus, the result of the first step should be an understanding of where your budget comes from, and how they are spent .

In addition, you can understand how much money remains after making the main payments, as well as how long it will be possible to survive if receipts from the main source of income cease.

Step 2. Creating a financial reserve

For use in case of unforeseen situations, you should create financial reserve ... It should be understood that it is important not only in practical plan, but also in psychological... This reserve gives a very strong sense of confidence as well as stability.

The realization that a person has a small supply of money in case of unforeseen life circumstances makes life psychologically much more comfortable.

As a result, financial reserve represents an affordable, yet highly effective way to make life more comfortable, as well as significantly reduce stress levels.

In practical terms, the financial reserve provides two functions:

1. Payment of recurring expenses in the event that for some reason the main source of income ceases to replenish the budget;
2. Financing small contingencies- repair of household appliances, doctor's services and other things.

The ideal financial reserve should be able to cover fixed costs over a period equal to three months before six months .

The created reserve should be stored in the currency in which the main expenses are paid. In this case, it is best to invest money. to the bank.

You should choose a credit organization that meets the following criteria:

• participation in ;
• credit organisation is at least fiftieth in terms of assets or is a branch of a large international company;
• a convenient location, as well as a work schedule, will allow you to use the bank's services without spending the whole day on it.

You should not choose card accounts for accumulation, since in this case there is a great temptation to spend funds not as planned. Best open current or savings account... However, in this case too low interest rates to the account balance.

The ideal option would be deposit . But you should pay attention that it meets the following criteria:

• the minimum amount of replenishment should be comfortable for monthly accumulation;
• if necessary, you can withdraw part of the funds without losing interest;
• ideally, interest should be calculated and capitalized on a monthly basis.

It turns out that when choosing a bank interest rate should not be the defining condition. But you should pay attention that it is neither the lowest nor the highest among those existing on the market.

As soon as the bank and the deposit are selected, you need to replenish the account to the amount of the calculated financial reserve.

Step 3. Development of goals, as well as investment objectives

At this stage, it is necessary to decide what the future investor wants to do in life, what to get, what property to acquire. Moreover, for each goal, it is necessary to determine how much money will be required to achieve it, in what currency. In addition, it is important to determine by what point the goal should be achieved.

Once goals have been identified, they should be rank , that is, number, in descending order of importance and priority. Thus, it will become clear where the funds should be directed. first of all.

Step 4. Determination of acceptable risk

The future investor at this stage determines what financial risk is he willing to withstand to achieve your goals. Also at this moment it is determined which investment situations will be unacceptable.

In other words, some investors are quite calm about the temporary capital drawdown, even by 40%... Others, on the other hand, feel absolutely uncomfortable even if a loss occurs within 10 %.

Step 5. Investment strategy development

At this point, it is important to identify the following points for yourself:

• the amount of the invested amount;
• investment frequency - once or regularly;
• the occurrence of what type of risks is unacceptable and should be hedged in advance;
• what part of the personal time the investor is ready to spend on managing investments;
• prohibitive financial instruments are determined - someone fundamentally does not invest in the alcohol and tobacco industries, someone prefers to finance foreign companies etc;
• it is decided in what types and types of assets the funds will be invested;
• what taxes may arise, how they can be minimized.

After the above conditions have been determined, it should be clearly stated how the investment decisions. That is, it is necessary to decide which points to take into account and which to ignore. In addition, it is important to determine what actions should be followed when certain events occur.

It is equally important to determine how often and under the influence of what to analyze the current investment strategy, as well as under what circumstances it should be reviewed and changed.

Step 6. Stress testing the developed strategy

At this stage, the strategy developed in the previous step is tested according to the principle "what if?" ... To do this, you should ask yourself the maximum number of questions and answer them as truthfully as possible.

The beginning of the questions should be as follows: what will happen with my investment goals. The second part of the question ( if) depends on the circumstances of the investor's life and is individual for each.

Examples of question endings include:

• if I lose my job;
• if I get seriously ill;
• if the car breaks down.

The result of such testing should be the development of a protective investment strategy. Its main task is to identify opportunities that will allow not to abandon the implementation of the investment strategy, even in an unfavorable set of circumstances.

Many difficulties can be not only indicated in advance, but also insured in case of their occurrence.

Step 7. Choosing an investment method

At this point, you need to determine:

• through which company the investment will be carried out;
• how the funds will be deposited;
• how to withdraw earned profit;
• in whose favor and in what volume will you need to make payments (commissions and taxes).

Step 8. Formation of an investment portfolio

Only after all the previous stages of preparation for investment have been overcome, you can begin to form investment portfolio ... In other words, only at this moment you can go directly to the investment of funds.

At this step, you will need to do the following:

1. choose certain instruments that will correspond to the developed investment strategy;
2. invest in selected assets.

Many will say that the instructions given are too complicated, it is not necessary to go through such a large number of steps. In fact, only consistent execution of all eight stages can lead an investor to the following result:

1. You will be able to sort out your personal financial situation;
2. A financial reserve will be formed, which will keep afloat for six months;
3. There will be a feeling of confidence in the future, as well as insurance against surprises and minor troubles;
4. A specific action plan will be developed, which will allow you to increase your own funds;
5. A well-structured financial portfolio will appear.

Those who manage to overcome these seemingly difficult steps can confidently expect positive results from investments.

Proven Ways to Invest Better Money to Make It Work

6. Where to invest money - TOP-9 best ways to invest personal finance 💰

There are a huge number of investment tools. Choosing the ideal direction for yourself, you should proceed not only from your own preferences regarding the level risk and profitability ... It is also important to reconcile the investment method with the economic situation in the country.

We bring to your attention the most popular and reliable options for investing money.

Method 1. Bank deposits

- one of the most affordable, and therefore the most popular investment options. In theory, they can bring order 10 % per annum. However, today the percentages in most credit institutions reduced, therefore, when choosing a bank for investment, you need to spend thorough analysis.

Bank deposits are conservative investment option... In addition to being the most intuitive way, it is also the least risky.

Among the advantages of deposits are the following:

• insurance from the state;
• the term of the investment, as well as the profit received, are known even before the moment of investment;
• availability;
• low level of risk, that is, reliability.

Consider the most reliable banks with the highest rates.

Method 2. Investing in precious metals

Investments in precious metals already at the time of the birth of commodity-money relations could bring income to their owners. Traditionally used as valuable metals gold, silver, platinum, and palladium.

There are several circumstances due to which the price of precious metals has remained at a fairly high level for many years:

• lack of influence of corrosion;
• limited amount of metals in the world.

In the long run, the value of precious metals is steadily increasing. At the same time, various economic crises, as well as other changes in the economy, have practically no effect on the price of precious metals.

According to statistics, only over the past decade in Russia, the cost of gold (in rubles) has grown by almost 6 times... At the same time, experts believe that there are no factors that can reverse this trend in the coming years.

There are several ways to invest in precious metals:

• buying a gold bar;
• purchase of gold coins;
• opening metal accounts in the bank;
• acquisition of shares in gold mining companies.

The most reliable option is physical acquisition of metal ... But it is worth considering that these are investments in long term. It is unlikely that it will be possible to get tangible profits from such investments in the next five years.

For those looking for a quick income, it is best to open metal accounts ... At the same time, physically, gold or other precious metals are not bought. An account is opened in the bank, to which funds are credited in terms of grams of metal.

Profit can be obtained quite quickly - the amount on the deposit is regularly recalculated at the new value of the metal.

Opening metal accounts Is the safest way to invest in precious metals. This is especially true of banks in which deposits are insured.

Method 3. Mutual investment funds

Mutual investment funds or mutual funds Is a method of investment, which is essentially a transfer of funds into trust.

The fund invests the combined funds of its shareholders in various financial instruments. The resulting profit is distributed among the participants in the fund. But the founders of the mutual fund do not remain at a loss - they also receive their interest.

The specifics of the interaction of the shareholders with the asset manager are reflected in the contractual terms and conditions. It is imperative that the shareholder should carefully study such an agreement. before how to invest in the fund.

The scheme of action of a mutual fund is very simple. Shareholders buy parts of the fund, which are called shares ... The invested funds are at the disposal of the manager, who are engaged in their investment.

Managers are interested in getting as much profit as possible, since they themselves receive income in the form of commissions, which are calculated as a percentage of profits.

Shares can be quite simple buy and sell... Therefore, such investments are highly liquid.

Among the advantages of mutual funds are:

• funds are managed by professionals;
• Mutual funds are available to everyone;
• income is not taxed;
• funds are controlled by the state.

At the end of a certain period, the profitability of the fund is calculated. The resulting income is distributed among the shareholders in proportion to the share of each of them in the fund.

Often, the profitability of a mutual fund is approaching to 50 percent... This is almost five times more profitable than bank deposits. On average, the fund's profitability is about 30 %.

Method 4. Investing in securities

One of the most popular ways to invest is investments in securities... But do not forget that working with this tool requires serious knowledge in the field of finance and economics.

For those hoping for long-term profits, investing in the first stocks they come across is far from the best option.

For investing in securities to bring real profit, you need to have serious knowledge in the field of economics or have experience. If there is no such knowledge and skills, you can transfer the capital to an experienced broker for trust management.

When investing in securities, it is impossible to guarantee a profit. However, if the investment proves to be successful, you can get tangible returns. It can reach 100 %.

Moreover, the profit from investments in securities is practically unlimited. Some successful investors have managed to get orders 1000 % in just a few years.

📣 Please note that the exit to financial market going through a broker. One of the best is this brokerage company.

Method 5. Investing in real estate

Real estate is also a very popular investment option. The explanation is simple - the demand for apartments, houses and even non-residential premises will be always... People need real estate to live and do business. Moreover, such a tool will never completely depreciate.

When deciding to invest in real estate, it should be remembered that its value, as well as liquidity, are determined by a large number of factors. These include, for example , economic situation in the state and regional position.

There are two ways to generate income from real estate investments:

1. Rental;
2. Subsequent resale.

Rent acts as one of the types of passive earnings. The owner of the premises receives money, practically spending no time and effort. In this case, property rights are sufficient to generate income.

Sale the property can generate income if its value rises. However, today there are difficulties with the profitable sale of real estate. Most Russian regions the demand for this asset today is much less than the supply.

However, in some cases, investors manage to earn good returns on the sale of real estate.

For possible ways of investing in real estate, see the video below:

There are several ways to increase your income:

• acquisition of an object at the time of a fall in prices on the market and sale only after their increase;
• buy real estate at the stage of laying the foundation or at the initial stages of construction, and sale after completion;
• the purchase of apartments in a deplorable state, their high-quality repair, sale with a premium to the cost, which, among other things, pays for the repair costs.

Today the market situation has developed in such a way that experts recommend to abstain from investing in real estate. They believe that the wisest thing to do is to wait for a significant economic downturn.

Details about, as well as pros and cons this method we have already talked about investing money in our article.

Method 6. Investment in business

In theory, it is business investment that is one of the most highly profitable options. In fact, opening a successful company can provide a comfortable future not only for the entrepreneur himself, but also for his descendants.

In practice, the success of a business is determined by a large number of circumstances. Among them are:

• whether you have chosen the right niche in the market;
• professionalism of an entrepreneur;
• how original the idea is;
• literacy of the actions carried out.

According to statistics, most firms go bankrupt at an early stage. Therefore, it is much better to start your own business by buying a franchise. We have already talked about that in the previous article.

You can also invest in a ready-made company. In a separate article, we wrote about and also brought startups in Russia where you can invest your money.

Method 7. Investing in startups

Are unique innovative projects in the social or commercial sphere. In the future, they have a fairly high level of profitability.

In other words, if you choose the right project for investing funds, you can get a good profit.

But it is worth considering that only about 20 % such projects bring investors real profit... The rest turn out to be unprofitable or require additional infusion of funds.

Investing in various startups is not that difficult these days. There is a huge number of platforms on the Internet where startup owners present their projects, attracting investors.

At the first stage, you can make the minimum investment, which amounts to several thousand rubles. This will allow you to study the investment mechanism.

Benefits of startups consist in the opportunity to invest in a huge number of business areas. Geography is also almost limitless - you can invest in metropolitan, European projects, as well as those located in the region of the investor's presence, and even those located only on the internet.

Method 8. Investing in Internet projects

The Internet today is one of the most popular and very actively developing areas of business. The specialists working here are called moneymakers .

A huge number of online businessmen are already making money online. Moreover, every day there are more and more of them. you can find on our website.

Investors who dream of becoming online businessmen should hurry up. A niche for activity must be taken before others can take it.

To make money on the Internet, you can use:

• the shops;
• groups on social networks;
• informational resources;
• blogs;
• entertainment sites.

This is not necessary. You can also buy a ready-made project created by someone. At the same time, it is important that the resource is visited as much as possible. In this case, it will be possible to profit from advertising, affiliate programs as well as direct sales.

If you decide to create your own project, you should take into account that a non-standard approach is appreciated on the Internet. Make your site as unique as possible. This will attract the maximum number of visitors to it.

Method 9. Forex

In simple words, Forex Is a world market where various currencies are exchanged at freely formed prices.

In principle, get income on foreign exchange market under the strength of everyone who devotes time to this, spend energy and invest. It is also important to choose a reliable brokerage company here. Many successful traders work through this broker.

You can either trade independently or transfer funds to management through PAMM accounts. Details are described in one of the previous issues.

To make it easier to compare the above investment methods, we have summarized them in a table:

🔔 There is also an article on our site that tells in detail about it - we recommend it for reading.

Poll: Where is the best investment?

How to reduce risks

How to reduce labor intensity

How much money to invest

Current types of investments with a low level of risks

What to look for when choosing where to invest money

To understand whether it is worth investing in a particular source of income, you must first of all determine the criteria by which it will be determined whether this is a worthwhile undertaking or not.

If we restrict ourselves to three simple criteria, then we would like to highlight the following:

Profitability

Profitability is undoubtedly one of the determining factors when choosing where to invest money in order to earn money. It is measured most often as a percentage per annum on the amount of invested capital and determines how much the capital will increase in a year, that is, how much the investor will earn. If we want the invested money to work, and not just to save it, then at least the level of profitability should be higher than the level of annual inflation. At the moment, bank deposits in Moscow cannot boast of this, since average rate for them, about 8.5% is below the level of average annual inflation, which for the last three years until 2017 is 9.9%. Therefore, in order to invest money at a high interest rate and make money on it, it is necessary to use other opportunities, which we will consider below.

Risks

The level of risk is also the main criterion when choosing where to invest money at interest. Risks are the likelihood of events in which an investor can lose profit or even his investments. If, when considering ready-made investment proposals, the amount of profitability is most often immediately determined, then quantitative assessment the risks are almost always unknown. This is due to the fact that it is often very difficult to predict the likelihood of certain negative consequences. And not all consequences can be determined. Therefore, when choosing where to put money at interest, it is best to delve into what the project actually earns on, how long this process has been established and whether a situation may arise in which something goes wrong. If you do not have sufficient experience in these processes, then it is better to involve experts in this who understand and understand this. You also need to understand that more often than not, the higher the profitability, the higher the risks. If you are a novice investor, then at the initial stage it is better to invest money at a low interest rate, and as you gain experience, switch to more profitable offers at a high interest rate.

Labor intensity

If in pure investment, when you have invested money and do nothing else, it is enough, in our opinion, to understand the levels of profitability and risks, then, for example, when investing money in your own business, an additional factor appears, like labor intensity - this is the amount of working time spent, multiplied by the experience and expertise of the performers. In other words, how much time will you or your team spend on developing your business, and how much knowledge and skills you have. The development of your own project can have the highest profitability: hundreds or even thousands of percent per annum, but this greatly increases the required labor intensity of the process, especially if you independently participate in business processes. At the same time, risks are inversely related to the experience and expertise of the team, that is, the more experience and knowledge, the less risks.

Where to invest in 2020 so as not to lose - expert advice from Moscow

When there is an understanding of what factors are decisive when choosing where to invest money so that they work, you can already consider and evaluate specific investments, which we will now do.

All options will be somehow connected with collateralized loans.

We believe that such investments, for objective reasons, are the least risky, but at the same time they have a high profitability.

At the same time, everyone will be able to find an acceptable type for themselves, based on the possible labor costs and the availability of expertise.

To begin with, we will tell you in more detail what secured loans are and why the risks are minimal. Secured loans are loans that are issued by financial companies (MFIs, PDAs, car pawnshops, leasing companies) or private lenders secured by real estate and cars. All this activity is legal and regulated by the relevant laws of the Russian Federation. Interest rates on such loans are much higher than those of bank loans, and average from 40% to 100% per annum. Borrowers are most often entrepreneurs - the level of profitability of their business allows them to cover high interest rates, and they do not have the opportunity to go through long and thorough bank checks. The second category of borrowers is people with a damaged credit history, for whom the road to banks is closed. Or people who do not have the opportunity to prove their unofficial income.

All loans are issued either secured by real estate, or secured by cars. Moreover, the maximum loan amount most often does not exceed 50% of market value object of collateral, and the term of the loan is usually no more than one year. If the borrower cannot pay off the loan, then the collateral is sold at market value, which makes it possible to cover both the amount of the principal debt and the amount of accrued interest. If the difference remains, it is transferred to the borrower.

It is the presence of collaterals that ensures the minimum level of risks for the investor, financial companies and this activity in general.

In 2020, according to experts, activities with collateralized loans have become especially popular and in demand among borrowers, while worthy players have appeared on the non-bank lending market, allowing ordinary individuals to invest money in this area without any labor costs and not only not to lose. but also make good money on this, having received your interest with a guarantee secured by the presence of collateral.

Now that we have figured out how it works and why the risks are minimal, let's move on to considering specific types of investment, their profitability and labor intensity. There are three of these options:

• Profitable treasures from 14% to 22% per annum
• Investing-Easy at 24% per annum
• Investing-Profi up to 100% per annum

Let's dwell a little more on each of the options, and you can find out in detail about each by clicking on the corresponding link, where you can also leave an application for participation in the corresponding program.

Profitable savings

This type is suitable for those who do not want or cannot devote time to investing. Everything is simple here: I invested money and received income at the end of the term or in monthly payments, depending on the type of savings. No labor costs on the part of the investor, but the profitability is not the highest, but 2.5 times higher than deposits in banks - from 14% to 22% per annum. Profitable savings are suitable for those who want to invest, for example, 100,000 rubles, since the minimum amount is 1,000 rubles. Companies accepting savings:

This type is for those who want to dive more into investing in secured loans and get a higher return on investment than in conventional deposits. Here, the investor himself issues loans on collateral on his own behalf, but all other business processes, such as finding borrowers, underwriting (risk assessment and checking the borrower), assessing collateral, drafting agreements, accepting payments and others, are carried out by qualified specialists. The investor's labor costs are the consideration and selection of investment proposals and attendance at the conclusion of the contract. Yield 24% per annum. Suitable if you have investments of 300,000 rubles or more, it is optimal to invest 500,000 rubles or more.

The most profitable, but also the most time consuming type of money investment. This method is suitable for those who are well versed in secured loans. Unlike the previous method, all business processes, except for the search for borrowers, must be performed independently. Yield up to 100% per annum. A good option, where to invest 1,000,000 rubles and in a year and a half to earn a million rubles from above.

Where is it profitable to invest money at interest - comparison of options

• Risks
• Payouts
• Labor intensity
• Investment amount

Alexander Ivanov

Hello everyone! Today we will look at the main investment methods available to Russians and talk about where to invest money in 2020.

Sooner or later, everyone comes to this question, whose income becomes more than costs. Drawing up a competent personal financial plan helps to do this much faster.

In fact, there are many working options. The only question is what is right for you.

Each method has two goals - the preservation and growth of capital, although the first, of course, is more important.

Where can you invest based on this? So...

For those who are just accumulating funds for profitable investments or a property, the best investment option is a deposit to a bank account.

A bank deposit has three indicators that make it the most convenient option:

• You can, in fact, withdraw funds from a bank deposit at any time without restrictions. This is convenient, especially when a suitable option is turned up to invest funds for other purposes.
• Reliability. Each depositor can be sure that his savings will return, because they are insured. Banks that are not part of the insurance system, of course, we do not consider.
• Profitability. On your deposit, you get a small, but still, increase. There is a high probability that such income will even cover inflation, but not significantly. This is not so much, but the funds will definitely be saved.

In the case of considering the option of opening a deposit in a bank, it is important to remember: this will allow, first of all, to save and not earn money in the medium or short term.

That is, you should not look for a bank with the most high interest rates and favorable conditions... It is better to pay attention not to the amount of interest, but to the level of reliability of the financial institution.

It makes sense to give preference to a bank that is recognized by the state as systemically important and to use the deposit to accumulate funds for the purpose of their further investment in other instruments.

Investing in real estate

The total amount of funds invested by individuals in real estate is much larger than in all other options taken together. This situation is typical for the Russian Federation and the world as a whole.

Most likely, nothing will change in this statistics either in the long term or in the near future. For most people, buying a property is the only option for long-term preservation of accumulated savings.

Like all other types of assets, real estate can be volatile in price.

However, on average, the price increase in this segment covers inflation, therefore it can easily serve additional source earnings. For example, subject to the lease of the object.

One of the most important features of this type of investment is that real estate retains its value with reference to geographic location... In a particular area, its price is adjusted based on current economic realities.

Real estate is usually understood as residential-type objects. And, nevertheless, the main part of the conclusions also applies to commercial or non-residential real estate.

The main conditions under which objects preserve and even multiply funds are:

• maintaining a deficit scale of construction of new facilities;
• constant positive growth of residents in the region, in the city, in particular;

In cities where a constant negative dynamics of the growth of citizens is preserved, from which citizens are actively leaving (it is dying out), real estate objects cannot rise in price, and more and more often demonstrate a dynamics of decline.

In developing and growing cities, the situation is the opposite. The younger generation and migrants with their demand are constantly pushing the cost higher and higher.

In such conditions, only excessive construction of objects is capable of restraining the growth of prices for real estate, which is actually unrealistic. After all, it is not profitable for the developers themselves, as this will lead to a decrease in their income.

And the scale of free space is always limited, which creates a very shortage of space in certain urban areas that are most suitable for building.

In such places, there is often nowhere to build, therefore, the increasing demand can be balanced out due to the growth in real estate prices in previously built objects.

Among other things, we must not forget about the corruption factor, which often reduces the general opportunities for developers to enter new areas for them. This fact also negatively affects the scale of rented real estate, leads to a shortage of real estate for sale and, accordingly, to an increase in its price.

All Russians who survived the crisis at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century have drawn their own conclusions. Now they do not need to explain why real estate is the best option for long-term storage of capital.

In addition, over the past 30 years, real estate has remained the only type of asset that was available to the vast majority of the country's citizens.

Of course, investing in real estate also has its drawbacks. We are talking about the high minimum price of each individual object - it is difficult to buy an apartment from your salary.

And, nevertheless, this problem has its own ways of solving.

The main solution is mortgage. It is she who helps to fix the current price of housing for the buyer.

At the same time, mortgage interest, which seems to many to be simply exorbitant, in fact always turns out to be below the long-term growth in the price of the object itself. Therefore, an apartment purchased for investment purposes is not only possible, but also necessary to be rented out.

At first, of course, the rent will not be able to cover even mortgage payments, but in 5-7 years there is a possibility that the rent will start to cover the payments in full.

An alternative option is to invest in liquid real estate with a lower average price.

For example, we are talking about capital garages, parking spaces, small land plots etc. After all, they can be rented, they require minimal investment after purchase, but the demand for them is always high.

Also a good option for buying is a one-room apartment with a small area in not the most expensive urban areas. Such objects are also characterized by a low average price, but it is actually easy to sell and rent them.

Another alternative to mortgages is clubbing. This option is not very common.

However, if you find acquaintances whom you trust well, on whom you can rely, and who, at the same time, are trying to find an option for a reliable and long-term investment of funds, then it is real estate that can be bought together with them.

This option has a whole list of advantages.

If all or most of the participants in the joint approach to the issue wisely, then you can save a lot on home repairs before renting out, thanks to the use of common labor.

It will also help to buy more properties at once, which means diversifying investments by area and type of property.

And on all issues it will be possible to support and insure each other.

Of course, in this option, there are some legal points that must be taken into account in advance. Therefore, it is so important to initially understand how much you can trust each other.

For those who are conservative in their approaches and are not ready for something new, investing in real estate is the best option in the long term.

Investing money in your business

Investing money in your own business is, of course, a certain risk. And, nevertheless, the risk is often quite justified. He borders on the desire to do everything to achieve success.

Everything is in your hands here. Controlling business processes and various risks associated with them is the main task of every entrepreneur.

Whether it's a simple hairdresser renting a place in a salon, or the owner of a large-scale business project ...

The main properties of a personal business:

• Business creates value;
• A business maintains a constant flow of finance by creating cash flow.

The main part of ideas for business is based on the fact that investments will be able to pay off after 1-2-3 years. But, in addition to immediate self-sufficiency, it is important to remember that a working business itself has a value and can also be sold.

Personal business is not just about generating a stream of funds, but also about increasing the overall value of a business. The larger the project, the correspondingly higher its cost.

Everyone who has their own business is simply obliged to continue investing in its promotion and development. After all, the potential profitability of a working business is always higher than with any other capital investment option.

Of course, this is relevant, provided that it can be scaled.

It also makes sense to invest in your own business if you have enough free time, energy and a desire to form something unique and inimitable.

This option is optimal for those who are ready to work and develop in the chosen direction, which is familiar to him or close in spirit.

By by and large starting a business requires not only and not so much investment as exceptional courage and all-round readiness to take the first step and move, no matter what.

Of course, there are risks here as well, however, the efficiency and result of investing in your business will depend solely on the entrepreneur himself, and not on a third-party uncle.

When discussing the choice of the type of activity, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the areas that have long been well mastered, bypassing what is little known and poorly developed.

It makes no sense to "get into" a sphere where there is no healthy competition, because this may indicate that there is no demand for activity. Nobody canceled the importance of demand.

You need to focus on areas that are in demand, popular and potentially profitable.

The idea of ​​oversaturation in core business areas is misguided. Russian Federation Is a place where, in fact, little is produced, and the service sector is still in its infancy, in comparison with some developed countries.

Any goods and services will definitely find their customers and buyers, if you make some effort for this.

Investing in exchange-traded financial instruments

Investments in bonds

Buy stocks online

Unlike deposits, which allow, first of all, to preserve funds, and not to increase, bonds perform other functions.

For large corporations, retirement and reserve funds all over the world - it is an instrument for long-term storage of capital with strict limits in terms of risks.

The active users of bonds are often wealthy people who have inherited a fortune. The heirs of huge funds are aware that they themselves cannot earn so much.

Therefore, they set themselves only one task - to preserve the inherited funds. And in this they are helped by bonds, which can provide stable and regular returns.

Investing in stocks

Investing through foreign brokers

It is obvious that the stock market is not limited only to the Russian Federation. The world is simply huge, and capitalism is legislatively enshrined in many countries and assumes that everyone has the right to dispose of personal funds at their own discretion.

We are also talking about the actual possibility of investing in shares of enterprises around the globe.

Previously, it seemed like something distant, but nowadays it is part of real life. Every citizen of our country can easily invest their savings in the shares of foreign companies.

At the same time, deposits in foreign enterprises are possible both through Russian and through foreign brokers.

The latter option provides citizens with a much wider choice of stocks to purchase. After all, this opens dozens of exchanges in the American, European and Asian markets and thousands of companies.

It is only necessary to decide on the choice of a broker who will help to perform certain buy / sell operations on foreign exchanges.

It is important here that the broker that will be selected for cooperation meets certain requirements:

• the ability to open an account remotely;
• minimum commission for ongoing operations;
• the maximum number of company shares that can be acquired;
• reliability of jurisdiction with deposit insurance from the regulator.

The demand for this type of investment in Russia is growing all the time, because everyone wants to have a wider choice of instruments, diversify risks by buying foreign shares in foreign currency and, in the end, earn money.

In recent years, the country's market has not been able to fully ensure this, so we are actively looking for access to foreign stock markets through foreign brokers.

Disadvantages of investing through foreign brokers

• Lack of support in Russian.

Opening an account with an overseas broker presupposes a good command of the English language by the investor himself. Otherwise, it will be difficult to work with foreign brokers.

• Obligatory payment of taxes.

In case of depositing funds through a Russian broker, all work with taxes is assigned to him as a tax agent. The broker calculates and pays the bills himself.

In the case of choosing a foreign broker, the investor decides and pays all tax issues independently.

Investments in financial instruments with intermediaries

Self-investment in specific bonds or stocks requires certain financial knowledge... What bonds to buy? Which stocks should you choose?

Coupon profitability, primary and secondary placements, credit ratings and dividends, default ... The world of finance is not easy enough, learning it is like getting additional education.

And, nevertheless, for most people, due to their main activity, it is not possible to find the time for this.

But there is a solution: there are specialized firms whose key work is related to the collection of investment funds in order to further invest them in various instruments.

Investing with the help of management companies

Management companies offer the ability to analyze and invest for you.

There is a whole list of such companies, which can be ranked by the amount of money attracted to their funds. Most of them are firms that are part of large-scale financial holdings, although there are exceptions:

• Sberbank Asset Management
• Alpha Capital
• VTB Capital Asset Management
• Raiffeisen Capital
• Pension savings
• Gazprombank - Asset Management
• Uralsib1
• RSHB Asset Management
• System Capital
• Aton-Management and others.

Each such company offers two different mechanisms for transferring money to management to choose from:

1. By purchasing shares of one of their own (mutual investment funds).
2. By transferring money to a particular investment strategy.

Contribution to mutual funds

Mutual fund (share investment fund) is a fund created by a management company for the subsequent investment of the fund's assets in order to generate income and distribute it among all shareholders.

Equity capital is formed through the sale of shares to depositors. The loss and profit of the fund is reflected in the change in the price of the unit itself.

The main feature of mutual funds for mass investors is their low entry threshold. For deposits in interval and open-ended mutual funds, only a few thousand rubles are required.

Other investment options with the help of management companies require larger amounts.

Another important feature of mutual funds is the strict control of their work by government agencies. This allows us to talk about additional control over the work of the fund, incl. on the legality of all transactions with shareholders' finances.

Popularity came to mutual funds in the middle of the two thousandth during a time of frantic growth stock market our country.

The mutual funds themselves were constantly being formed for an actively growing market and the 2008 crisis demonstrated their shortcomings in all their glory.

The need to clearly follow a certain structure of assets does not allow mutual funds to go into foreign exchange or ruble cash during crises, while fixing serious losses.

Fund maintenance costs are constant and quite high. This in the long and medium term leads to a serious drop in their overall financial results.

After the financial crisis in 2008, all equity mutual funds, mixed mutual funds and most of the bond mutual funds suffered serious losses, demonstrating their vulnerability to market crises. Their demand has dropped dramatically.

Commissions for deposits in mutual funds are formed by fixed costs as a percentage of overall size funds in the fund for:

• Depository remuneration.
• Remuneration of the Criminal Code.
• Other costs.

In total, depending on the fund, about 1-5 percent of all assets for 12 months are spent on costs. All this is taken into account in the total value of the mutual investment fund, and the investors themselves usually simply do not notice them.

Additional commissions for the sale of mutual funds are also provided for depositors, if the total investment period is less than that fixed in the agreement.

The shorter the total investment period, the higher the commission. In the case of a deposit for a period of more than two years, the commission for the sale of the Fund may not be charged.

Trust investing

Unlike mutual funds, trust management imposes much fewer restrictions on the management company.

In theory, a flexible management approach enables enterprise managers to take full advantage of market opportunities for profit.

But on the other hand, it is difficult to calculate the real results of their activities, because this information companies are not disclosed.

Everything is thoroughly and clearly known about the results of the Funds' work, because the data on the profitability of mutual funds is open and accessible to all information.

Unfortunately, it is problematic to find reliable information about the results of work for a certain period of the Criminal Code.

Therefore, trust management has become more popular than mutual funds. Indeed, if you can look at its profitability dynamics before investing in a Mutual Investment Fund, the desire to invest in it may disappear.

And in the situation with trust management companies, we are talking only about target and expected levels of income. The real profit for the previous periods, most likely, will not be disclosed.

The bulk of investment strategies from management firms are divided into several categories:

Offers for “regular” depositors

• Bond portfolio
• Stock portfolio
• Investments in rubles
• Mixed portfolio of stocks and bonds

Offers for "qualified" depositors

• Investments in foreign currency
• Investments in Russian Eurobonds
• Investments in rubles
• Active management of the portfolio of shares of Russian companies
• Investments in foreign currency
• Portfolio of Eurobonds of Russian enterprises
• Portfolio of sovereign bonds of developed and emerging economies
• Briefcase corporate bonds foreign enterprises
• Portfolio of shares of foreign companies
• Mixed portfolio of stocks, sovereign bonds, corporate bonds

A qualified investor is a legal entity or individual that meets certain requirements of the current Russian legislation.

To obtain the status, an individual must meet one of the criteria:

1. Certain trading experience on an exchange with a total turnover of at least 6,000,000 rubles. over the past 12 months.
2. The presence of an individual 6,000,000 rubles. in securities, on deposits or in trust.
3. Presence of the necessary education.

For qualified investors, there are serious opportunities for investing in foreign currency, because investment options are complemented by foreign securities: bonds and shares of foreign enterprises, sovereign bonds of countries with developing or developed economies.

By and large, there is not much difference between investing through mutual funds or trust management. And yet, the investment plans of the latter from the outside look more “presentable”, and a large minimum amount of a deposit in trust seems to be a “guarantee” of greater reliability.

But this, of course, is not entirely true. Average profit level investment plan trust management and mutual fund are comparable, because funds are invested, as a rule, in the same securities.

The remuneration to the management company reaches, as in the situation with mutual funds, about 1-5 percent per annum of total amount managed assets.

One of the most affordable options "where to invest on the Internet", and sometimes very profitable, is. Next, you can look towards the creation or ready-made Internet sites (online stores) for the purpose of further earnings or resale. Buying shares (shares) in already existing Internet projects is also an investment, albeit a rather risky one, since you do not fully know what real goals the organizer pursues.

Despite the obvious availability, I do not recommend investing in HYIPs, lending (loan exchanges), binary options, sports betting, because the risks are extremely high. As a rule, in the options proposed above, it is possible to work with the use of electronic payment systems, such as Webmoney, Yandex.Money, Perfect Money, QIWI and others.

Where to invest 100,000 rubles (dollars, hryvnias)

First of all, it is worth deciding on the risks. If the main goal is to try to preserve your savings, more conservative options are suitable, for example, bank deposits, buying precious metals for a long time, investing in antiques. With an amount of 100 thousand dollars, you can add an option with the purchase of real estate.

Considering more profitable, but also more risky options "where to invest 100,000 rubles", you can pay attention to the purchase of companies (Gazprom, Google, Yandex, etc.), (trust management). For more information on the pros and cons of the listed options, see the article above.

The richest people (video)

The article highlights the main issues of investing from scratch: from the stage when there is no start-up capital yet, to the choice of tools and the peculiarities of the work of each of them.

Our main idea is that everyone can become an investor, the main thing is a strong desire and a sequence of actions.

Start-up capital is a key component of any investment. If there is no money, what exactly can you invest? Next, we will try to give some recommendations on how to create initial capital. I would like to warn novice investors: do not invest the last money anywhere or the money that is intended to cover mandatory expenses. The golden rule: in investments, specially designated amounts are used.

The most important question, without an answer to which investment is impossible: where to get the starting amount? One of the simplest ways: to save. Set aside 20 percent of your monthly income in a pod (or better, in a bank deposit, which is already some kind of investment). The accumulation period requires patience: you need to transfer 20 percent carefully on schedule and not touch the accumulated money. More often than not, it is impatience that is the main obstacle on the path of a novice investor.

Any "extra", unforeseen money in the budget, it is also good to send in whole or in part to the formation investment capital... Savings, patience and accuracy are the traits of a successful investor. Those who are used to getting rid of money easily, unfortunately, will not become investors if they do not change their views on financial discipline... Once again: monetary discipline is a necessary condition, without which success in the investment field is impossible.

The “rule of four envelopes” works well. Divide your entire monthly budget into 4 parts (for each week of the month). During the week, you can only spend the amount that is in the corresponding "envelope"; you cannot go into the budget of the next week. And if there is savings, it goes into the fifth "envelope" (in fact, into the piggy bank). This piggy bank also receives the obligatory 20 (less or more) percent of the total income for the month. At a certain moment, the coveted amount is formed in the fifth "envelope", which can already be invested in any project.

The "trick" of the value of 20 percent is that without this money you can live with practically the same quality as with it. Their shortage in the budget is little felt, and money is piling up.

Another way to find the capital you need is to sell your property. Anything from unnecessary things, equipment, furniture to garden plots and cars. Selling something unnecessary along with saving is also a good source of money for start-up capital, however small.

How much money is needed? Investment types

The answer to the question depends on where exactly we will invest. There are a lot of tools. Therefore, in order to determine the required amount, you need to plan in advance and the investment scheme (it, of course, can change in the process).

Also, the choice of instrument depends on the purpose for which the investment is being made. This could be:

Long-term investment with the aim of a large purchase;

Long-term investment with the aim of saving for an increase in pension;

Investing with the goal of not working anymore, but living on capital gains;

Continuing to work, get an increase in basic income;

Investing in the future of children (education, housing, etc.)

There can be much more goals, and the goals we have listed overlap. Let's take a closer look at investment technologies. Let's say the "zero" stage has been passed and a certain amount has been collected.

On average, you can invest with an initial capital of only $ 500. But much less is possible. To try yourself in a new field, to study how financial instruments work, even 1000 rubles may be enough. This is the minimum average amount of a deposit in a bank deposit, mutual fund, bonds, etc. Of course, income in absolute terms will be almost invisible, but the main thing is to start. At the first stage, you don't even need to think about the size of the profit, and most importantly - practice, gaining knowledge and experience. As we said, the stage of capital accumulation can already be combined with investment. Do not keep money under your pillow, but invest in highly reliable assets (say, government bonds).

Tip: start investing with reliable instruments. They are not very profitable, but they do not require experience: they can be used by everyone. Investment models with high quick returns have reverse side: high risk. Besides, you have to learn how to use them, which takes time.

In the initial investment process, prepare an amount that you can invest in something risky. It is recommended to use for this purpose no more than 5-10 percent of the investment portfolio.

The main ways of investing

For a novice investor who does not want to take too much risk, there are several ways to make a relatively safe investment. This, in addition to the bank deposit: bonds, shares of large enterprises, mutual funds. In addition, a number of investors will be interested in currencies or precious metals. There is also an opportunity to play on the cryptocurrency market, where there are prospects for high income, but there are also many dangers.

Let's start with methods that are characterized by fairly high reliability. It is very easy for a beginner to invest in a mutual fund. Many of them have a very low share price, which is attractive.

There are mutual funds in many large banks... They are very different in terms of profitability and the markets in which they operate, as well as in the level of risk. The illustration shows that one of Gazprombank's mutual funds (there are more of them than shown) worked “in the red”. (The abbreviation NAV stands for Net Asset Value).

It is interesting to see how much you can earn, say, by investing in Sberbank mutual funds. The picture is as follows.

The illustration shows only a part of operating mutual funds. It can be seen that all of them are "in positive territory", except for one. Moreover, the Global Internet Foundation is in the lead with very high indicators.

It can be seen that mutual funds are investing in areas that are growing rapidly and will continue to grow in the coming years. At the same time, the bank warns: investments in this fund are associated with high risk. Despite this, we can recommend that novice investors try such attractive financial instruments as mutual funds.

What if you want to buy shares directly? This is also a fairly affordable tool. Securities are bought through a broker. As an example, consider the proposals of Sberbank, which provides brokerage services to the population ( individuals). There are similar structures in many other banks, you can inquire about them by simply going to the official website.

Sberbank has investment portfolios for both experienced and novice investors with different levels of risk.

To start buying securities, you need to open a special brokerage account, which will help you to do in the bank of your choice. Many operations can often be performed over the Internet.

When choosing a broker, beware of scammers. Check for a license from the Central Bank, official website, real office and telephone.

Professional brokers provide an opportunity to invest not only in the stock market, but also in any markets that are in the legal field. Currencies, precious metals, and many other financial instruments are available to the novice investor.

You can invest without having huge funds by opening an individual investment account. Thus, using the Finam online calculator, an investor will determine his possible income depending on the amount and term of the investment.

It can be seen that even with very modest investments, as a result, a fairly substantial income "runs up". At the same time, the invested amount does not disappear anywhere.

How much can you earn on the stock market? Everything is pretty unpredictable. Let's look at the statistics.

The numbers are suggestive. In general, it can be seen that there are leaders whose shares are growing, moreover, steadily, over long time intervals. For example, this is the same Sberbank and Yandex. Earning prospects depend on the market forces. But in general, we can say that the shares of actively developing large companies will be profitable based on the results of long time periods.

Now let's move on to the prospects for investing in currencies. It would seem, what is easier: I went to the bank, bought dollars and euros in the exchanger and wait for the profit. Let's look at the statistics.

Peaks of fluctuations in 2015-2016 passed, and there is a tendency towards stability. In such conditions, it is possible to get significant profits only if you invest very large amounts and sell the dollars and euros that have risen in price on time. It is better to do this with the help of professionals, that is, resort to the services of brokers, as we described above.

Another easy way to invest is cryptocurrencies. Be prepared to take risks though. The strongest fluctuations are observed in bitcoin, the price of which either soars or collapses within 50 percent or more.

Finally, let's talk about investments in precious metals. Prices here are also not encouraging with positive dynamics now. A novice investor will have to wait a long time for substantial profits. In addition, the investments will require quite serious ones.

Some beginners are interested in trading Forex and other ultra high risk instruments. This is dictated by the desire to "spin" money as quickly as possible and become rich overnight.

Exchange trade. Can you quickly become a millionaire?

Many have heard that on the stock exchange you can quickly earn hundreds and thousands of percent, get rich in a very short time. Such cases do happen, but only experienced players who know a lot, know how, and have modern trading tools at their disposal. Moreover, such traders have very significant amounts of money on the stock exchange. You can't make something out of nothing. You need to be prepared for the fact that at the initial stage, investments will bring rather modest results. And only with the passage of time, the growing amounts will already please the eye and it will already be possible to buy something serious with them.

Systematic and competent trading on the exchange using automation can bring 10-30 percent per month. This is a very good income if there is a really serious amount on the deposit. With this percentage of profit, it is quite possible to live a wealthy life. You just need to invest a significant amount. Let's say that a very decent income will "drip" from a deposit of 500,000 rubles.

But there are ways to get more interest, and they are pretty simple. You need to gain experience, knowledge, technology, increase your deposit. If you aim at excess profit, you need to be prepared for excess losses: these are the real laws of the financial market.

For a beginner, playing Forex is a very risky business. The probability of losing the deposit is enormous, and if the money has been accumulated by long work, there is a danger of quickly remaining at a broken trough, having lost the fruits of long work. This can be seriously demotivating, and the person will no longer want to believe in the possibility of financial success. In addition, a trader is a special character, calculation and strong nerves are needed here. If you have this, try Forex in demo modes, then with small deposits. This is a really working but complex tool. On our site you will find a lot of useful materials that will help you learn modern successful trading.

PAMM accounts

A special case of the pursuit of quick super profit is PAMM accounts. Percent Allocation Management Module, PAMM - Percentage Allocation Management Module is just a mechanism to simplify the transfer of money into management. By itself, it does not guarantee high profits. Everything, as elsewhere, depends on the manager. We do not recommend giving in to emotions and pouring all the money into one fast growing account. Perhaps the manager is playing according to a strategy that will give way to a rapid decline. Or he is just lucky so far, but luck is not forever. If you want to risk investing in PAMM, choose stable ones, do not invest entirely in one single account.

Binary options

Such a tool is more of a gamble than a serious way to increase capital. Many organizers are not licensed to financial activities, but have ... on the game. Moreover, firms are registered on distant offshore islands. There may be problems with the withdrawal of earned funds.

But to try to risk small funds is a personal choice of everyone, suddenly you get lucky. But it is strongly discouraged as the main tool for raising capital.

Key to Success: Diversification

Gold Standard: Don't put all your eggs in one basket. Make a major investment, 50-60 percent, in a highly reliable system, and 10 percent in something risky. The rest is in instruments with medium risks. Manage your investments and success will be immediate.