Industrial potential of the region. The production potential of the region and indicators of its assessment
The use of the production potential of the region is a multifaceted and complex process. Therefore, in our opinion, the analysis of the achieved level of its use should be carried out using a system of indicators. The central place in this system should be occupied by a generalizing indicator, which makes it possible to compare the actual output of products by enterprises located in the region, with the potentially possible output that enterprises are able to provide with the most efficient use of these production capacities, as well as labor and material and energy resources. As such a generalizing indicator, the coefficient of utilization of the production potential of Kipp can be used, determined by the formula:
Kipp = Bp / N p, (4.1)
where Вр is the volume of production in the region (or any economic system of a regional nature);
N p - the production potential of the region (economic system of a regional nature).
The calculation of the generalizing indicator is fraught with some difficulties, since the methodology for determining the value of the production potential has practically not yet been developed.
Some scientists believe that the production potential of the territorial complex is equal to the sum production capacity of the enterprises that form it, minus the loss of production capacity caused by the discrepancy between the availability of individual production resources and the need for them. Determining the size of the production potential of the region, one cannot be limited to taking into account the influence of only
resource endowment of enterprises in the region.
Regional markets for factors of production have always been and are local markets. The degree of localization of regional markets for the three most important factors of production - labor, land and capital - decreases with the development of the division of labor and the internationalization of production. Among the three listed factors, capital is the least localized resource; it can be least controlled within a particular region.
Capital as an economic resource exists in two forms: as financial and as physical. Physical capital invested in machinery and equipment is limitedly mobile, while a key characteristic of financial capital is its spatial mobility. Unlike labor and especially land, the regional supply of which is determined by regional conditions and is almost inelastic, especially in the short run, the supply of capital is elastic.
The regional elasticity of capital depends on many circumstances, therefore, in different countries the degree of localization of regional capital markets varies greatly, as does the regional elasticity of capital supply.
The most important of these factors are:
features of the organization of production in a particular country and region;
arrangement of the banking system;
the degree of development of interregional ties and the level of internationalization of the economy.
The peculiarities of the organization of production in the regions relate to the concentration of production and property. In large companies that carry out production throughout the country, financial resources are concentrated, as a rule, in the region where the company's head office is located. Decisions on the development of production and investments, the promotion of new technologies and goods are made by the head office, capital in this case is exogenous for an individual region.
With a high level of capital concentration, the sectoral structure of the economy dominates the regional one, since, as a rule, financial resources are concentrated in a relatively small number of regions, most often in the capital. All other regions, especially peripheral and underdeveloped ones, in which production is represented
only regional branches of large companies turn out to be dependent on capital allocation decisions made by parent organizations.
The sectoral structure of production and property affects the regional market of financial resources in a different way, if the economy of the region is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses, whose economic interests are concentrated in this region, investment decisions are made within this region.
The peculiarities of the concentration of production and property determine the formation of demand for investment in the region: is it exogenous, that is, formed independently of the region, or is it formed within the region itself.
The existing structure of the banking system and the distribution of financial institutions have an effect on the regional capital market similar to the sectoral structure of production and property, but this influence concerns the regional supply of capital.
Different countries have historically developed different banking systems: either with a predominance of large national banks, or with a predominance of regional banks. The regional supply of capital is not rigidly set by its intraregional stock, since capital is mobile, nevertheless, the regional concentration of banks
and financial institutions has a strong influence on the supply of capital resources in various regions.
The third factor from among the above is similar in its influence to the sectoral structure of production, but is associated with the activities of transnational companies in the region, the scale and capabilities of which are limited by the framework of the national economy. It should be borne in mind that some enterprises are also possible.
other completely real situations with security and utilization of productive resources.
So, some of the enterprises in the region can be provided in excess with certain types of resources, that is, the availability of certain types of resources can exceed the need for them calculated according to progressive norms to fulfill the production plan, corresponding to the most complete utilization of production capacity. Enterprises
can also improve the use of living labor, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, and more widely involve waste of material resources in the economic circulation. As a result, there is a kind of surplus of resources created by the efforts of the enterprise itself. The incomplete provision of some enterprises with labor and material and energy resources leads to a partial underutilization of the production capacities of each of them, and ultimately to a decrease in their production potential and the production potential of the region as a whole.
The excess resources we are considering can be used by enterprises to increase their production capabilities, that is, their production potential. This increase can occur in several ways. The first is a slight increase in the production capacity of the enterprise. The second is for
through the use of incomplete reserves of production capacity in individual shops and in individual areas, in groups of equipment, as well as cooperation in the use of production capacity with other enterprises in the region. The third (mixed) - partly by increasing production capacity, and partly without increasing it. There is every reason to consider the third way the most acceptable and most promising in increasing the production potential of enterprises in the region due to the excessive provision of certain types of resources, as well as more rational use of resources. Thus, the value of the production potential of the region N p can be determined by the formula:
where N p is the value of the production potential of the region, thousand rubles. gross or normative net production;
Мi - production capacity of the i-th enterprise in the region;
NM is the value of the underutilized (underutilized) capacity of the i-th enterprise due to the incomplete provision of its labor and material and energy resources;
∆N i is an increase in the production potential of the i-th enterprise without increasing its production capacity;
k - total enterprises in the region;
l is the number of enterprises in the region with underutilized (underutilized) capacity due to incomplete provision of labor and material and energy resources;
m is the number of enterprises in the region providing an increase in potential without increasing production capacity.
The rest of the indicators, with the exception of the utilization rate of production potential, can be subdivided into three relatively isolated subsystems.
Keywords
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH / INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL / INDUSTRIAL POLICY/ INDUSTRIAL GROWTH / INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL / INDUSTRIAL POLICYannotation scientific article on economics and business, the author of the scientific work - Larionov Artur Olegovich
The article raises the problem of evaluation industrial potential and ensuring its development. The urgency of the problem under consideration for the regional economy has been substantiated. It has been proven that for the formation of mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for a new high-quality industrial growth and development, it is advisable to assess the potential of industrial enterprises, the degree of its use and opportunities for growth. Solving this problem allows us to identify problems that hinder the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development. The article reveals the essence of industrial potential region. It is shown that the category " industrial potential»Is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region. Structural components identified and substantiated industrial potential and a set of indicators characterizing industrial potential region. Results of the conducted comparative assessment analysis industrial potential subjects of the Northwestern Federal District showed that all regions of the district have an "average" or "below average" level of potential development. Development industrial potential The Vologda Oblast proceeded more slowly than other regions of the Northwestern Federal District. In general, the values of the indices showed an uneven development of all components industrial potential region. The emerging situation is largely due to the low technical condition of fixed assets, a small number of organizations performing Scientific research and design developments, a dwindling number of highly qualified workers, negative financial results of a significant number of industrial enterprises. The article concludes that in order to eliminate problems that hinder development industrial potential region, it is necessary to form a balanced and adequate modern economic conditions industrial policy.
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Assessment of industrial potential of the region
The article raises the problem to assess industrial potential and ensure its development and substantiates the urgency of the problem for the regional economy. It proves that to form the mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for new industrial growth and development it is advisable to assess the industrial enterprises' potential, the extent of its use and the possibility for extension. The solution of this task allows us to identify the problems that prevent the formation of the region’s strategic competitiveness and determine the prospects of its development. The article reveals the essence of the region's industrial potential. It shows that the category “industrial potential” is one of the main components of the region’s economic potential. The work identifies and justifies the structural components of industrial potential and the set of indicators describing the region's industrial potential. The comparative assessment of industrial potential of the Northwestern Federal district regions reveals that all the regions have an “average” or “below average” level of potential development. The development of industrial potential in the Vologda Oblast is slower than in other NWFD regions. In general, the index values demonstrate the uneven development of all components of industrial potential of the region. The current situation is largely caused by a low technological state of fixed assets, a small number of the enterprises involved in research and development, a decreasing number of qualified workers and negative financial results of many industrial enterprises. The article concludes that to address the problems hindering the development of the region’s industrial potential it is necessary to form a balanced industrial policy, which corresponds to the modern economic conditions.
The text of the scientific work on the topic "Assessment of the industrial potential of the region"
UDC 338.45 BBK 65.30
© A.O. Larionov REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
LARIONOV ARTHUR OLEGOVICH
Junior Researcher of the Department of Social and Economic Development and Management in Territorial Systems Federal State state-financed organization Sciences
Institute for Socio-Economic Development of Territories Russian Academy Sciences E-mail: [email protected]
The article raises the problem of assessing industrial potential and ensuring its development. The urgency of the problem under consideration for the regional economy has been substantiated. It is proved that for the formation of mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for new high-quality industrial growth and development, it is advisable to assess the potential of industrial enterprises, the degree of its use and opportunities for growth. Solving this problem allows us to identify problems that hinder the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development. The article reveals the essence of the region's industrial potential. It is shown that the category "industrial potential" is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region. The structural components of the industrial potential and a set of indicators characterizing the industrial potential of the region have been determined and substantiated. The results of the analysis of the comparative assessment of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District showed that all regions of the district have an "average" or "below average" level of potential development. The development of the industrial potential of the Vologda Oblast in comparison with other regions of the NWFD proceeded more slowly. In general, the values of the indices demonstrated the uneven development of all components of the region's industrial potential. The emerging situation is largely due to the low technical condition of fixed assets, a small number of organizations performing research and development, a declining number of highly qualified workers, and negative financial results of a significant number of industrial enterprises.
The article concludes that in order to eliminate the problems that hinder the development of the industrial potential of the region, it is necessary to form a balanced and adequate industrial policy to the current economic conditions.
Industrial growth, industrial potential, industrial policy.
The industrial complex forms the supporting structure of the country's economic system. It creates points of growth and forms the factors of modern production, concentrates human capital and accumulates organizational culture. economic process... The strategic orientation of the development of the region's industry determines the formation and transit of impulses that transform the functions and structure of almost all sectors of the national economy.
An increase in the rate of industrial growth in an unstable macroeconomic environment, the achievement of the set goals of modernization and the transition to an innovative path of development directly depend on the state of the industrial sector of the region's economy. The economic independence of the region and the focus on self-sufficiency have led to the need to create fundamentally new mechanisms for the management and development of industry. A. I. Tatarkin notes that it is impossible to develop a region and develop development strategies without relying on regional production capabilities. Therefore, to create
conditions of high-quality industrial growth of the regional economy, an urgent task is to assess the industrial potential of the region, the degree of its use, the possibility and necessity of increasing. The solution of this problem will reveal the problems that prevent the industry from providing an adequate contribution to the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as determine the prospects for its development.
Having considered the theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of industrial potential, it should be noted that it is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region, has a significant impact on the level of development of the productive forces of society and represents a set of capabilities of industrial enterprises in the region (Fig. 1).
Individual industrial practice developed countries indicates that even with limited natural resources you can have a highly developed economic potential if it is based on a progressive and efficient production... Actually, the level
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
Rice. 1. The place of industrial potential in the structure of the economic potential of the region
Source: Martem'yanov V. V. Development of the industrial potential of the region based on the modernization of its technological base abstract. dis. for a job. uch. Art. Cand. econom. Sciences: 08.00.05. - M.: Ros. economy acad. them. G.V. Plekhanov, 2010 .-- 24 p.
the structure, dynamism of material production determine the economic opportunities of the region. Machine building is of particular importance, as it provides all branches of the national economy with the means of production.
It should be noted that the study of industrial potential at the regional level is not widespread. However, it is possible to single out a number of works in which the problem of the development of the industrial potential of the region is considered.
So, Bakanach O.V. and Gaus K.V. the industrial potential of the region is understood as the aggregate ability of the region's enterprises to create and produce competitive products, promote them in the market, profitably sell and provide the required level of service. The authors note that the most important direction in the development of industrial potential is its renewal, technological modernization, accelerated development of industries that are the most technologically advanced. For the regional economy, in their opinion, the development of local industry is of primary importance, which plays an important role in creating jobs, meeting domestic demand, and contributing to the integrated development of the territory.
Tsogoev I.Kh. industrial potential is understood as an integral quantitative assessment of the maximum possible efficiency of the use of resources by industrial organizations in accordance with concluded contracts in the conditions of rational organization and cooperation of production of economic entities located in the corresponding territory. Industrial potential, which largely ensures the formation of gross value added, is characterized by
It is characterized by the presence of a certain proportionality and interrelationships between its components. In this case, the proportions are a kind of "frame" industrial development, and the processes of transformation of these proportions serve as a condition for the implementation of industrial strategies.
Based on the presented definitions, it should be emphasized that industrial potential characterizes the aggregate power capabilities and capabilities of enterprises in the territory, which can be realized in the presence of resources. The total available resources, in turn, characterize the production and economic activity of enterprises and represent a system of potentials of a lower order. Based on the classification of factors of production, as the components of industrial potential, one can single out material and technical, innovation, investment, labor, infrastructural, financial potentials, which in turn are formed on the basis of raw materials, industrial, research, innovation, investment, labor and information resources(fig. 2).
The state of each structural component of industrial potential can be judged by a number of indicators shown in Table 2. However, this list is not exhaustive and can be supplemented.
The industrial potential of the region depends, first of all, on the availability, condition and efficiency of the use of fixed assets, that is, material and technical potential. Analysis of the dynamics of these indicators in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for the period from 2005 to 2012
1Р2 INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL р 1Р1 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL POTENTIAL
1Р5 INFRASTRUCTURAL POTENTIAL | .р INDUSTRIAL || Р POTENTIAL - 1Р4 LABOR POTENTIAL
1GV FINANCIAL POTENTIAL 1Р6 INVESTMENT POTENTIAL
*.......................*......................*
MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL, RAW MATERIALS, RESEARCH, INVESTMENT, INNOVATIVE, INFORMATION, LABOR
Rice. 2. Formation of the industrial potential of the region
The characteristics of the components constituting the industrial potential of the components are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Structural components of the industrial potential of the region
No. Name of potential Characteristic
1P1 Material and technical fixed assets, which together form the material and technical potential of the region's industry, progressive technological redistributions, processes, and unique technologies available at enterprises.
1P2 Innovative A set of existing innovatively active enterprises, highly qualified workers capable of generating and implementing new technical ideas, as well as financial resources allocated for technological innovation in order to ensure an increase in the technical and technological level of production activities.
1Рз Financial The aggregate financial capabilities of the industry, ensuring the operational activities of the industry, the development of production infrastructure, as well as contributing to the solution of urgent problems and the achievement of the set economic goals.
1Р4 Labor The ability and readiness to use the labor resources of the territory to fulfill the tasks of production, ensuring the creation of finished products.
1P5 Infrastructural The aggregate capabilities of the territory, providing conditions for the effective functioning of industries, the circulation of goods and the life of people in the process of optimal interaction with the environment and rational use of resources.
1Rb Investment Opportunity and willingness of potential investors to invest in the development of regional industry.
Sources: Aganbegyan A. G., Mikheeva N. N., Fetisov G. G. Modernization of the real sector of the economy: a spatial aspect // All-Russian scientific journal "Region: Economics and Sociology". - 2012. - No. 4 (76). - S. 7-44; Kuznetsova A. I. Infrastructure: Questions of theory, methodology and applied aspects of modern infrastructure development. Geoeconomic approach. - M.: KomKniga, 2006 .-- 456 p .; Larionova O.A. Regional diversification and its impact on production development // Production organizer. - 2009. - No. 4 - S. 90-94.
years allows us to draw conclusions about a significant increase in the cost of fixed assets. On average, in the Northwestern Federal District, this indicator increased 3.4 times. The largest increase was recorded in the Arkhangelsk region - more than 4 times.
However, their condition is of fundamental importance. Statistical data indicate an increase in
penalties for the depreciation of fixed assets. So, during the study period, this indicator increased in the Republic of Karelia by 14.9 percentage points, in the Murmansk region - by 9.9 percentage points, in the Arkhangelsk region - by 7.9 percentage points, in the Vologda region - by 6.3 p.p. At the end of 2012, the degree of depreciation of the main production assets of the Vologda Oblast was 48.3%.
Table 2. Main indicators characterizing the industrial potential of the region
Indicator Unit rev. Industrial potential parameter
Block 1. Material and technical potential
1.1. The cost of fixed assets (OF) of industry per capita rubles. Characteristics of the provision of PF industry in the region
1.2. Depreciation rate of fixed assets of industry% Characteristics of the state of production resources
1.3. Return on assets - Efficiency of use of fixed assets
Block. 2 Innovation potential
2.1. Share of innovatively active enterprises% Opportunities of industrial enterprises to introduce innovative products
2.2. Share of shipped innovative products in the total volume of shipped industrial products% Degree innovative development industry
2.3. Share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total volume of investments in industry% Degree of priority of tasks of technological development of industry
2.4. The number of personnel engaged in research and development, per thousand people employed in industry. The degree of efficiency of the scientific and innovative sphere in industry
Block 3. Financial potential
3.1. The share of profitable industrial organizations in the total number of industrial organizations% Degree of efficiency of the region's industry
3.2. The balanced financial result of industrial enterprises per 1 ruble of fixed assets, rubles. Degree financial capacity for industrial development
3.3. Return on assets of industrial organizations% Efficiency of using the assets of industrial organizations in order to generate profit
Block 4. Labor potential
4.1. Share of production and industrial personnel in the total number of employed in the economy% Human resources in industry
4.2. The share of graduated specialists with higher education in the total number of industrial personnel% Resource of highly qualified industrial personnel
4.3. The share of graduated specialists with a secondary vocational education in the total number of employed% Intellectual resource of the industry
Block. 5 Infrastructure potential
5.1. Density of railway tracks common use, kilometers per 1000 sq. km of territory km Density transport infrastructure
5.2. Density of paved roads, kilometers of roads per 1000 sq. km of territory km
5.3. Availability of SEZs, PZs, industrial and technoparks with vacant space and ready-made infrastructure facilities (gas, electricity, water, sewage) ha Provision of the region with infrastructure and the necessary administrative and legal conditions for the location of new industries
Block 6. Investment potential
6.1. The volume of investments in fixed assets of industry per capita, rubles. Characteristics of the volume of investments directed to the modernization and development of the industry
6.2. Share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in industry% Degree of efficiency in attracting bank capital
6.3. Share of investments in machinery, equipment and vehicles in the total volume of investments in fixed assets of industrial organizations% Share of investments in own production assets
The efficiency of the use of fixed assets is determined by indicators of capital productivity. An analysis of its dynamics in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District shows that fixed assets are used most effectively in the Kaliningrad region and in the city of St. Petersburg. In the Vologda Oblast, the efficiency of using the main production
funds dropped significantly from 2.35 in 2005 to 1.5 in 2012 (Table 3).
In a competitive and open market environment, the innovative potential of the industrial sector is of fundamental importance. Sharing the opinion of the expert scientific community, it can be noted that the level of innovation activity as a whole in
Table 3. Dynamics of indicators of capital productivity *
Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012 - 2005, p.p. Change 2012 - 2008, p.p. ...
Kaliningrad Region 1.72 2.19 2.83 2.98 2.33 2.64 2.79 2.45 0.74 -0.53
Vologda Region 2.35 2.20 1.97 2.40 1.49 1.77 1.93 1.50 -0.85 -0.90
Pskov Region 1.24 1.27 1.44 1.50 1.16 1.42 1.75 1.45 0.21 -0.05
Novgorod Region 1.46 1.32 1.29 1.46 1.16 1.36 1.44 1.41 -0.05 -0.05
Republic of Karelia 1.39 1.32 1.38 1.36 0.98 1.17 1.21 1.07 -0.32 -0.29
Leningrad region 1,10 1,24 1,14 1,28 1,15 1,15 1,17 0,98 -0,12 -0,30
Komi Republic 1.23 1.09 0.94 0.92 0.83 0.78 0.86 0.93 -0.29 0.01
Murmansk Region 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.14 1.00 1.29 0.80 0.78 -0.35 -0.36
Arkhangelsk Region 1.05 0.92 1.01 0.81 0.77 0.81 0.78 0.72 -0.34 -0.10
RF 1.32 1.43 1.45 1.43 1.09 1.21 1.25 1.20 -0.12 -0.23
NWFD 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.33 1.46 1.48 1.40 -0.03 -0.06
St. Petersburg 1.64 1.71 1.66 1.74 2.00 2.20 2.27 2.26 0.62 0.52
* The calculation was made according to the volume of manufactured products; regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
the country and in the NWFD remains very low (in 2012, 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively). The share of industrial enterprises in the Vologda Oblast that carry out innovative developments and implement them in production for the same period is less than 8% (at the end of the 1980s - 60 - 70%). According to the calculations of the National Association for Innovation and Development information technologies The Vologda Oblast was on the 45th position in the rating of innovative activity of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2011, that is, it was included in the group of regions with a moderate level of innovative activity.
As a result, the share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products is extremely small. In the Russian Federation in 2012 this indicator reached only 7.5%, on average for the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District even less - 6.0%. Despite the fact that in value terms the volume of shipped innovative products of the Vologda Oblast increased by 6,486.3 million rubles, amounting to 16,593.1 million rubles in 2012, in general its share in the total volume does not exceed four percent (Table 4).
It should be noted that the cost of technological innovation in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District increased by 8.5 and 7.5 percentage points, respectively, compared to the 2005 level. The greatest
the share of funds in 2012 in technological innovation was invested by enterprises of the Novgorod region - more than 39% of the total investment, the Leningrad region - 12.5%, the Arkhangelsk region - 11.5%. However, in the Vologda Oblast there is a decrease in this indicator... In 2012, the volume of expenses amounted to 1,358.8 million rubles, which is by 448.1 million rubles. (a decrease of more than 25%) less than the 2005 level and by 1,285 million rubles. (a decrease of more than 48%) less than the 2008 level. Thus, the share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total volume of investments directed to the industry of the region for the last period amounted to only 2.5% (Table 5).
A small share of the costs allocated to technological innovation is reflected in the low number of employees performing research and development, which in turn affects the efficiency of their implementation. In 2012, this indicator per thousand employed in the Russian Federation is 55 people, in the Northwestern Federal District - 73 people. In the Leningrad region there are 36 people per thousand employed in industry, in the Murmansk region - 28 people, and in the Vologda region there is the lowest value of the indicator - only 3 people,
Table 4. The share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products,%
Arkhangelsk Region 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 6.8 6.5 6.7
Komi Republic - 0.9 5.3 4.5 0.6 2.9 7.6 5.7 - 1.2
Vologda Region 4.4 6.0 8.0 6.5 2.7 1.6 3.6 4.0 -0.4 -2.5
Novgorod Region 16.6 6.4 8.6 9.8 7.3 6.3 4.2 2.9 -13.7 -6.9
Pskov Region 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.3
Leningrad Region 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 2.2 2.1 0.8 0.3 -0.5
Republic of Karelia 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.3
Kaliningrad Region 6.8 5.1 7.8 6.4 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 -6.6 -6.2
Murmansk Region 3.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 -2.9 -0.1
RF 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.3 6.0 7.5 3.5 3.0
NWFD 2.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 2.8 3.4 4.4 6.0 3.2 2.6
St. Petersburg 2.4 7.5 3.2 2.7 4.5 5.8 7.0 10.0 7.6 7.3
Table 5. Share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total volume of investments in industry,%
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012 - 2005, p.p. Change 2012 - 2008, p. P.
Novgorod Region 23.5 30.1 22.9 20.8 11.0 15.7 9.1 39.3 15.8 18.5
Leningrad Region 4.4 6.0 9.0 3.4 10.5 7.3 7.0 12.5 8.1 9.1
Arkhangelsk Region 4.5 0.7 1.5 1.7 3.2 1.3 6.3 11.5 7.0 9.8
Pskov Region 5.8 8.4 6.1 6.5 5.0 5.8 5.3 10.5 4.6 3.9
Komi Republic 8.7 2.3 3.3 2.1 1.5 2.9 41.9 4.9 -3.8 2.8
Republic of Karelia 3.1 12.3 15.8 30.7 16.9 28.5 6.8 2.9 -0.2 -27.8
Vologda Region 7.7 8.1 19.9 11.0 20.9 10.6 29.2 2.5 -5.2 -8.5
Murmansk Region 15.1 18.3 26.9 26.7 19.1 12.6 3.1 1.8 -13.3 -24.8
Kaliningrad Region 1.6 22.1 2.6 3.9 2.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 -0.1 -2.5
RF 11.0 12.4 9.3 9.4 13.6 11.2 18.5 19.5 8.5 10.1
NWFD 10.5 11.6 11.6 9.3 12.6 11.2 19.6 18.1 7.5 8.8
St. Petersburg 23.8 25.9 25.1 23.9 27.8 23.7 49.0 57.1 33.2 33.2
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M ..; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
moreover, during the study period, the reduction was 8.6% (from 464 to 424 people). The number of organizations that carried out research and development among manufacturing industries in the Vologda Oblast was only two units, and the number of advanced production technologies created by them was one.
Particular attention should be paid to the indicators of the financial block, which testify to the ineffective functioning of the industry. The share of profitable organizations since 2005 on average across the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District has increased, reaching in 2012 values of 62.6 and 57.4%, respectively. However, since 2008, it is necessary to note a decrease in this
th indicator for most subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, which is associated with the reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. The Komi Republic and the Pskov Region are the only regions in the Okrug that have increased their share of profitable organizations (54.2 and 62.3%, respectively). The share of organizations in the Vologda Oblast with positive financial results since 2008 decreased by 13.8 percentage points, amounting to 50.7% in 2012. The pre-tax profit of the region's enterprises reached only 43.4 billion rubles, which is 15 billion rubles less than in 2006.
Low values of the return on assets indicator in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District are one of the main reasons for negative financial
results of industrial organizations. The highest return on assets of industrial organizations is observed in the republics of Karelia and Komi, as well as in the Murmansk region (10.6, 7.2 and 8.5%, respectively). Among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, one can single out the Pskov, Novgorod and Arkhangelsk regions, in which investments in the property of industrial organizations do not bring an appropriate return, the return on assets has negative values (-0.3, -0.6, -3.9 p.p., respectively) ... This indicator in the Vologda Oblast in 2012 is already low - only 5.4%, in addition, during the analyzed period it also decreased by 4.3 percentage points (Table 6).
2005 - 2012 Among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, there is a tendency towards a decrease in production and industrial personnel in the total number of people employed in the economy. Arkhangelsk and Kaliningrad regions are the only subjects where an increase in this indicator can be traced during the study period (+0.58 and +2.88 pp, respectively). In the Vologda Oblast, the greatest decrease in this indicator (-3.48 percentage points) is observed among the regions of the Northwestern Federal District (in 2012 - 23.65% against 27.13% in 2005, Table 7).
In addition, in the real sector, according to the monitoring of the functioning and development of industry, Vologda
Table 6. Return on assets of industrial organizations,%
Komi Republic 7.4 9.0 10.0 4.9 9.1 11.5 14.1 10.6 3.2 5.7
Murmansk Region 11.5 14.5 16.8 12.7 10.1 12.5 13.7 8.5 -3.0 -4.3
Republic of Karelia 22.8 10.2 9.5 15.0 -3.0 14.5 10.1 7.2 -15.6 -7.9
Leningrad Region 3.1 -0.7 8.6 6.3 1.6 3.7 2.9 5.5 2.4 -0.9
Vologda Region 9.7 3.4 7.7 9.1 1.5 -0.9 0.1 5.4 -4.3 -3.7
Kaliningrad Region 11.0 6.5 5.2 3.3 4.9 8.7 7.8 3.9 -7.1 0.6
Pskov Region 0.4 0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.5 2.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2
Novgorod Region 29.5 9.4 18.6 7.6 1.8 1.5 2.5 -0.6 -30.0 -8.2
Arkhangelsk Region 3.2 -4.7 -0.4 -2.8 2.4 3.0 -2.4 -3.9 -7.1 -1.1
RF 9.2 11.3 9.9 7.1 5.7 8.1 7.9 7.0 -2.2 -0.2
NWFD 8.8 9.1 8.6 5.6 6.3 8.8 8.7 6.2 -2.6 0.6
St. Petersburg 15.7 16.7 13.9 14.8 8.3 13.2 10.6 3.0 -12.7 -11.8
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p. P.
Novgorod Region 27.14 26.73 26.75 26.72 26.49 26.67 26.24 26.44 -0.70 -0.27
Leningrad Region 25.54 25.34 25.16 25.05 24.25 24.76 24.64 24.15 -1.39 -0.91
Vologda Region 27.13 26.29 26.06 25.11 23.90 24.54 24.44 23.65 -3.48 -1.46
Arkhangelsk Region 22.43 21.49 21.31 21.39 21.31 22.79 22.79 23.00 0.58 1.61
Kaliningrad Region 18.69 23.36 22.97 22.89 21.88 21.60 21.48 21.56 2.88 -1.32
Murmansk Region 21.69 21.67 20.88 20.23 19.87 20.29 20.52 20.21 -1.48 -0.02
Pskov Region 20.29 20.64 20.93 20.78 19.97 19.95 19.53 19.73 -0.56 -1.04
Komi Republic 20.80 20.70 20.58 20.07 19.44 20.36 20.02 19.31 -1.50 -0.76
Republic of Karelia 21.23 20.03 19.85 19.66 18.40 18.30 17.91 18.00 -3.23 -1.67
RF 21.66 21.33 21.05 20.62 19.69 19.67 19.63 19.42 -2.25 -1.20
NWFD 21.87 21.76 21.23 20.74 19.76 20.05 19.95 19.87 -2.00 -0.87
St. Petersburg 19.75 19.32 18.21 17.38 15.94 15.87 15.91 16.15 -3.61 -1.23
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Table 7. The share of production and industrial personnel in the total number of employed in the economy,%
region, conducted by ISEDT RAS in 2012, 54% of managers noted that the most acute problem is the lack of highly qualified workers in leading professions. This fact is explained by a decrease in the region (by 1600 people) in the share of graduates of workers with secondary vocational education, which in 2012 is about 3% of the total number of people employed in industry. On average, the values of this indicator for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2012 do not exceed 5%.
A well-developed transport infrastructure is of great importance for the industrial potential. In the Russian Federation, the density of public railways in 2012 is 50 km per thousand sq. meters of territory, and road - 54 km. In the Northwestern Federal District, these indicators are slightly higher, and the density of railways - 78 km, road - 56 km. During the study period, practically no changes were observed in the development of the transport infrastructure of the Vologda Oblast. Both in 2005 and 2012, the region lags significantly behind in the density of railways (7.9 times) and highways (4.4 times), for example, in comparison with the Kaliningrad region (the leader in the density of railways and highways). In 2012, 1000 sq. meters of the region's territory account for 53 and 82 kilometers of railways and highways, respectively. At the same time, the development of industrial parks in the region should be noted. In terms of the presence and size of such specially organized territories with a ready-made production infrastructure and the necessary administrative and legal conditions for the location of new industrial facilities, the region is second only to the Leningrad Region. So, in 2012, according to the Association of Indus-
industrial parks in the Vologda region, two industrial parks "Sokol" and "Sheksna" are registered with the total area of the territories allotted for industrial production, 1624 hectares. In the Leningrad region for the same period, this figure is 3725 hectares. However, it is still too early to talk about the significant efficiency of these parks. At present, only two enterprises operate on the territory of the Sheksna Park - the Sheksna Pipe Profile Plant, a plant for the production of medical cotton wool. A biotechnological plant and a plant for hot-dip galvanizing of metals are under construction. This means that part of the land allocated for the construction of production facilities is still empty, and attracting new investors is slow.
In general, to achieve industrial and general economic growth the territory needs to pay more attention to the development of the road network, the construction of highways, highway backup, transport interchanges and the maintenance of the existing highways in good condition, as well as the railway networks of the territory. Infrastructure development contributes to better and more efficient management of material flows in the procurement, supply, transportation and storage of materials, parts and finished products, optimizes costs and streamlines the production process, sales and related services both within the framework of one enterprise and the entire industry of the region.
Analyzing the investment potential of the industry, it is necessary to note an increase in the inflow of investments in all regions of the NWFD. The largest inflow of investments for the period 2005 - 2012 was carried out in the Republic of Komi and the Murmansk region (261.2 and 189.4 thousand rubles, respectively), the smallest - in the Republic
Karelia (50.3 thousand rubles). In 2012, in the Vologda Oblast, the volume of investments in industry per capita amounted to 125.6 thousand rubles, which is 2.6 times higher than the level of 2005 (48.9 thousand rubles).
At the same time, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the share of banking capital directed to the development of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation and the North-West Federal District. 2008 -2012 the share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in the Novgorod region decreased by 7.4 pp, in the Pskov region - by 6.1 pp, in the Komi Republic - by 10 pp. The share of bank investments in the Vologda region for the entire study the period of time decreased by 3.9 p.p., amounting in 2012 to only 3.9% of the total
the volume of investments in industry. The leader among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District by this indicator is the Kaliningrad region, where the share of bank capital amounted to 19.7% (Table 8).
There is also a decrease in the share of investments directed to machinery, equipment and vehicles of industrial organizations of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. The most significant decrease in this indicator is observed in the Kaliningrad region - by 28 percentage points, in the Novgorod region - by 19.9 percentage points, in the Republic of Karelia - by 16.2 percentage points. oblast decreased by 7.6 percentage points and at the end of 2012 amounted to 28.2% (Table 9).
Table 8. The share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in industry,%
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p. P.
Kaliningrad Region 30 12.5 27.1 24 7.7 5.3 11.4 19.7 -10.3 -4.3
Republic of Karelia 20.3 8.7 13.9 21.1 12.6 11 14.5 17.4 -2.9 -3.7
Pskov Region 2.2 10.1 17.8 17.7 3.1 19.5 6.9 11.6 9.4 -6.1
Novgorod Region 3.2 10.3 7.6 14.9 13.8 14.5 15.2 7.5 4.3 -7.4
Leningrad Region 4.2 6.9 6.7 6.9 7.8 4.5 13.5 4.3 0.1 -2.6
Arkhangelsk Region 4.2 2.3 4.3 6.5 5.4 3.3 3.5 4.1 -0.1 -2.4
Vologda Region 7.5 3.7 11.4 7.2 10.8 9.2 4.9 3.6 -3.9 -3.6
Murmansk Region 6.5 4.6 11.3 3.7 7.3 9.3 2.4 1.0 -5.5 -2.7
Komi Republic 2.1 1.7 9.3 10.4 8.7 15.7 1.1 0.4 -1.7 -10
RF 8.1 9.6 10.4 11.8 9 10.3 19.2 8.4 0.3 -3.4
NWFD 8.6 7.8 9.4 10.6 11.3 9.2 8.9 6 -2.6 -4.6
St. Petersburg 11.6 14.7 9.6 12.3 17.3 10.7 13.8 11.1 -0.5 -1.2
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p. P.
Murmansk Region 71.0 68.9 63.3 70.9 64.0 48.3 60.6 56.6 -14.4 -14.3
Pskov Region 53.9 58.3 49.2 46.2 51.1 43.5 50.7 52.2 -1.7 6.0
Republic of Karelia 55.1 46.3 53.4 53.5 43.0 40.9 41.7 38.9 -16.2 -14.6
Arkhangelsk Region 30.0 24.1 25.9 26.9 31.0 30.9 36.9 34.0 4.0 7.1
Novgorod Region 52.2 57.8 43.9 33.2 37.9 29.5 40.2 32.3 -19.9 -0.9
Kaliningrad Region 56.5 51.3 47 40.7 45.4 44.2 33.3 28.5 -28.0 -12.2
Leningrad Region 41.2 28.9 32.5 28.3 31.5 30.1 36.2 28.3 -12.9 0
Vologda Region 35.8 30.4 35.1 36.4 45.9 46.2 35.2 28.2 -7.6 -8.2
Komi Republic 39.5 29.5 39.3 32.3 26.0 21.6 33.6 26.8 -12.7 -5.5
RF 41.1 37.7 38.9 35.4 37.2 38.6 37.9 36.3 -4.8 0.9
NWFD 44.0 37.5 39.3 37.5 38.3 36.7 39.9 35.3 -8.7 -2.2
St. Petersburg 46.4 44.7 44.0 41.0 41.3 43.3 46.2 47.8 1.4 6.8
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Table 9. The share of investments in machinery, equipment and vehicles of the total volume of investments in fixed assets of industrial organizations,%
Based on the analysis of the structural components, the values of the integral indicator of the industrial potential of the studied territories were calculated. To calculate it, as well as to take into account the significance of the degree of differences in indicators in their level across regions, the method of multivariate comparative analysis was applied, which allows taking into account not only the absolute values of indicators of each region, but also the degree of their proximity (range) to the reference indicator. In this regard, the coordinates of the compared regions are expressed in fractions of the corresponding coordinates of the standard. For reference indicators, the maximum or minimum value of a particular indicator among all regions of the North-West District for the entire study period is taken. The results of calculating the integral indicator of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District are presented in Table 10.
In general, for the analyzed period from 2005 to 2012, the values of the integral indicators of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District had insignificant fluctuations, that is, they belonged to groups with an “average” or “below average” level of industrial potential. In 2012, the group with an "average" level of potential included almost all subjects. Na-
high values of the integral indicator of industrial potential for the same period among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District are observed in the Leningrad, Kaliningrad regions and the Komi Republic. The smallest are in the Vologda, Pskov and Arkhangelsk regions. The Leningrad Region and the Komi Republic (+0.146 and +0.117, respectively) were able to significantly increase their potential, which is marked by the transition of these subjects from the group with the potential level “below average” to the group with the “average” level. In the Kaliningrad, Novgorod, Vologda regions, as well as the Republic of Karelia, a decrease in the value of the integral indicator of industrial potential is observed over the period under study. The Pskov region is the only subject whose integral indicator for the entire period under consideration was unable to overcome the upper limit of the occupied group.
The value of the integral index of the industrial potential of the Vologda Oblast in 2012 is 0.390 pp. It is worth noting a significant decrease in the index in 2009 - 2010, which is associated with the reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. Despite a slight increase in the integral indicator in the post-crisis period (+0.012), the
Table 10. Values of integral indicators of the industrial potential of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District *
Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change in index
2012 - 2009 2012 - 2005 Change since 2005
Leningrad Region 0.378 0.393 0.419 0.422 0.437 0.452 0.547 0.524 +0.087 +0.146 ▲
Kaliningrad Region 0.540 0.510 0.545 0.518 0.489 0.488 0.508 0.509 +0.020 -0.030 ▼
Komi Republic 0.330 0.356 0.405 0.391 0.413 0.428 0.436 0.447 +0.034 +0.117 ▲
Murmansk Region 0.412 0.425 0.443 0.426 0.433 0.433 0.417 0.435 +0.002 +0.023 ▲
Republic of Karelia 0.432 0.387 0.411 0.430 0.356 0.409 0.427 0.423 +0.068 -0.009 ▼
Novgorod Region 0.469 0.445 0.476 0.448 0.432 0.412 0.416 0.417 -0.015 -0.051 ▼
Vologda Region 0.419 0.400 0.432 0.469 0.374 0.343 0.384 0.390 +0.015 -0.030 ▼
Pskov Region 0.319 0.339 0.351 0.355 0.342 0.380 0.357 0.383 +0.041 +0.064 ▲
Arkhangelsk Region 0.340 0.377 0.412 0.409 0.374 0.366 0.352 0.375 +0.001 +0.035 ▲
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. i i i- IDP “average”, ■■■■ - IDP “below average” ▲ - increase in the AIP index ▼ - decrease in the AIP index since 2005
The industrial basis of the industry is made up of oil refining, electric power engineering, production of building materials, food products, mechanical engineering and metalworking. Despite the insignificant share of the volume of shipped goods of own production, works and services performed on their own by types economic activity"Extraction of minerals", "Manufacturing" and "Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water" of the region in the total shipment of the Central Federal District and Russian Federation, which is 2.1% and 0.6%, respectively, there are industrial enterprises in the region that are significant not only for the regional economy, but also for Russia as a whole.
The largest of them are: - Ryazan Oil Refining Company (RNPK) - the largest refining enterprise, part of OJSC "NK" Rosneft ", with a processing capacity of 17 million tons of oil per year. RNPK produces high-quality brands of gasoline, lubricating oils, diesel fuel, aviation kerosene, boiler fuel (fuel oil) and bitumen; - a branch of OGK-2 - Ryazanskaya GRES in the city of Novomichurinsk, Ryazan region - the largest thermal power plant in Europe and one of the five largest in Russia.
Installed electric power GRES - 3070 MW; - CJSC "Russkaya Kozha" - an enterprise for the production and processing of leather, which produces about 35% of leather in Russia. At the same time, 48% of products are exported. The enterprise supplies products to more than 100 leading companies in Russia, Europe, Asia, etc.
In terms of the average per capita volume of industrial production, the Ryazan region in 2013 occupied an average position among the regions of the Central Federal District - 10th place. A powerful research and production base has been created in the region on the basis of enterprises of the military-industrial complex, the capabilities of which make it possible to develop and master new high-tech science-intensive products: radar equipment, gas lasers, gas-discharge switching devices, solar power plants, plasma monitors for special and industrial purposes, automated systems. control and management of technological processes, information and analytical systems, maintenance systems and control of special equipment.
Unused production facilities, reserves of basic minerals in the Ryazan region are of potential interest to investors. The main problems in the development of industry are: - lack of personnel, including highly qualified; - low rates of technical re-equipment; - poor implementation of innovative developments; - Lack of available funding, limiting investment activity; - insufficient rates of formation of modern investment infrastructure; - concentration of production in large cities
Agricultural production in 2013 reached 38.7 billion rubles. Despite unfavorable weather conditions for agribusiness, since 2010, the agricultural production index has grown by 19.8% since 2005. The agro-industrial complex of the Ryazan region includes 328 agricultural organizations, 2538 peasant (farmer) households, more than 200 food and processing enterprises.
There are 289.5 thousand personal subsidiary plots of citizens in the region. The total land fund of agricultural enterprises, organizations and citizens engaged in agricultural production is 2556.2 thousand hectares, including agricultural land occupies 2328.5 thousand hectares, arable land - 1470.6 thousand hectares, forage lands - 813.5 thousand hectares. ha. The production of grain, milk, meat, eggs is carried out mainly by agricultural organizations and peasant farms, potatoes and vegetables - personal subsidiary plots citizens.
For the economy of the Ryazan region, grain production is of great importance. Occupying on average for 5 years more than half of the sown area, it gives 26.5% of all marketable products and 68.7% of crop production, accumulates almost 30% total amount costs, serves as the main source of profit in crop production and in agriculture generally. In the field of livestock, for the period from 2005 to 2013, there was a decrease in the number of cattle by 33.3%, while in the last three years average annual rate declines slowed from 7.4% to 1.5%. During the same period, the number of pigs increased 2.2 times, and the number of sheep and goats increased 1.5 times. The Ryazan Region is traditionally a large milk producer, but for the period from 2005 to 2013 its production decreased from 383.6 thousand tons to 355.9 thousand tons. At the same time, dairy cattle breeding in the region can fully meet the needs of the population in dairy products.
With its own processing facility, the Ryazan Region is a stable supplier of raw materials for large dairy companies in other regions.
The most pressing problems agro-industrial complex today are: - insufficient level of profitability of agricultural producers for making investments in the development of production and the transition to innovative development; - imperfection of the market infrastructure: the growing role of retail chains and poor development of cooperation; - financial instability; - insufficient investment inflow; - the impact of natural and climatic factors; - poor development of insurance; - insufficient resource and information support at all levels of agro-industrial production; - staff deficit.
D.G. OSIPOV
IMPROVING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF THE REGION
Key words: industry, potential, production, development.
The industrial and production potential is investigated in connection with the urgency of the problem of regional positioning of industrial production in the framework of economic state legal regulation. The main goal is to determine interregional relationships, the consequence of which is the formation of optimal production proportions of the industrial complex and the state as a whole, and this is an expression of the state industrial policy.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ESTIMATION INDUSTRIAL-PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF THE REGION Key words: industry, potential, production, development.
This article is about the industrial potential as the main factor of forming the economical and political status of the region. The industrial potential of the region is the base of forming the regional competitiveness. The industrial potential is examined from two principal positions. Such a twofold rating of the industrial potential is necessary for the identification of the position of the region among the others, its competitiveness, and also for rating of its possibilities from the point of view of its development, structure and economical content.
The relevance of the study of the industrial potential of the region follows from the specifics of any administrative and economic entity as an element of an integral, integrated system of the national economy.
"Potential" (comes from the Latin pomenia - strength, opportunity, power) in the broad sense of the word is defined as means, reserves, sources that can be used, mobilized to achieve a goal and determine the capabilities of society, the state, an individual by its achievement. The term "potential" is applicable to various branches of science and human activity, depending on what means, reserves, sources, and power are being discussed.
According to academician L.P. Kurakova, the production potential of the economic system is a set of resources at its disposal for creative activity.
At the end of the 60s, potential problems were investigated by G.M. Dobrov, who defined the potential as follows: "... as a set of parameters that characterize the system's ability to solve current and future development problems."
In the economic dictionary, potential is interpreted as "a set of available means, opportunities in specific areas."
A peculiar interpretation of the term potential was given by K.M. Misco. The scientist believes that the concept of "potential" is more consistent with such properties as opportunity, ability, since they characterize various hidden, unrealizable reserves of the studied object, which can be used when conditions change.
In turn, the specificity of the potential of the region is made up of historically formed factors that determine the composition and structure of resources, means of production, labor and have their own differences both in composition and in the structure of quantitative and qualitative parameters. Based on this, the production potential is an important classification characteristic of the region, which must be taken into account when determining the economic and political status of the region.
In our opinion, industrial and production potential is a set of resources provided for creative activity. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of these resources, as well as their integration, determine the production capacity of the economic link. However, the production potential with the possibility of producing material goods and services cannot serve as a measure of the beneficial effect.
At the same time, the industrial potential of the region is the basis for the formation of the competitiveness of the region as comparative characteristics, reflecting the market potential and the capabilities of the regional industry to meet the needs of the market, and especially for the most opportunistic needs. Industrial production potential is a consequence of the historically established trends in the formation of a region, reflects its evolution and determines its existing positions as a set of specifically isolated branches of industrial production, directly or indirectly related to each other.
The need to study industrial and production potential is emphasized by the urgency of the problem of regional positioning of industrial production within the framework of economic state legal regulation. The main goal is to determine interregional relationships, the consequence of which is the formation of optimal production proportions of the industrial complex and the state as a whole, and this is an expression of the state industrial policy.
Based on this, the features of the industrial and production potential of the region are formed, determined, on the one hand, public policy and proportions for the balanced development of industrial potential, on the other - the need to use the resources of the region, such as natural, human, large-scale geographic, geopolitical, production and intellectual.
The industrial and production potential of the region is formed and assessed from two fundamental positions:
Assessment of the region from the point of view of a higher-order organization, i.e. the economic potential of a particular region is assessed at the interregional or state level, where the region is presented as a basic element that makes up the industrial complex of the country as a whole;
The assessment of the potential of the region is presented as an integral assessment of the potentials of regional subjects of industrial production, which together constitute the potential of the region as a whole.
Such a two-dimensional assessment of the industrial and production potential of the region is necessary to determine the position of the region among others, its competitiveness, as well as to assess its potential in terms of the possibility of its growth, structure and economic content.
Thus, we can conclude that two levels of assessment of the potential of the region are formed: the first is a qualitative assessment of the region at the interregional level, based on integral assessments of the region relative to other regions, which determine its state at a particular moment in time and are expressed in relative scores; the second is a quantitative assessment that determines the dynamics of the state of the main estimated parameters of the industrial and production potential of the region, characterizing its capabilities, weaknesses and strengths.
The above approach to the essence of industrial production potential and its assessment makes it necessary to analyze its structure. By the structure of industrial and production potential, we mean the location and subordination of elements of industrial production
potential in space. Hierarchy as a form of expression of industrial and production potential is necessary, since the essence of potential is focused on achieving a specific goal, reflected by its external assessment, in which different elements of potential have a different attitude to the goal, which is characteristic of different social and production systems.
Thus, the essence of industrial and production potential in determining its structure is reduced to the representation of the investigated potential as a subsystem of the production and economic system of the region, which allows it to be represented as a systemic object and to use the rules and principles of a systematic approach.
Thus, the structure of industrial and production potential will be formed by such elements as industrial production, labor resources, intellectual resources, economic resources region and natural and spatial resources.
The concepts of potential and resource are very close in essence and content. In our opinion, not all the resources that the region possesses can be used as part of the region's potential. The resources of the region have many properties, both positive and negative. And increments to industrial potential are possible only if they carry potential susceptibility, applicability to the historically established features of industrial production in the region. This applicability is considered on the basis of a set of goals and external assessment of the potential of the region from the point of view of its competitiveness.
Thus, all resources of the region can be divided into three groups:
a) directly induced - used in industrial production and introduced directly into the assessment of industrial and production potential;
b) indirectly induced - resources that are not in demand in the current period, but they can be used in existing production processes. They relate to the assessment of productive capacity, taking into account the coefficient of susceptibility or applicability;
c) resources that are not in demand in the process of industrial production and are not used in the calculation or assessment of industrial and production potential.
As for the methods for assessing industrial potential, it is supposed to be used in external assessment scoring method based on a comparison of some parameters and coefficients with others, make an internal assessment on the basis of natural and cost indicators.
Integral assessment of industrial potential expresses the essence internal assessment... It is determined on the basis of parameters that assess the internal structure of production potential. These parameters are defined as dependent on external and internal factors and assess the level and state of one or another element of production potential.
In order to obtain an assessment of the objects of production potential, it is proposed to take into account the effect of the mutual influence and interpenetration of the elements of the structure of industrial production potential. For example, directly in assessing one of the components of potential as an intellectual resource, it is necessary to take into account the influence of such a parameter as labor resources on it. It is proposed to take this aspect into account by determining the weight coefficients by the substitution method, which will ultimately give an objective assessment of the industrial production potential and its integral characteristics.
An important problem in assessing potential is the choice of an integral link in the form of a main group of indicators around which the main
tal indicators assessing the industrial potential. When determining the main group of indicators, one should take into account the fact that under the influence of factors influencing both the structure and the development of industrial production potential, the integrating group of indicators can change its essence and move from one indicator to another. Thus, there are obvious features for resource-deficient regions, where the dominant group will be the intellectual potential of the region, which will dominate over the production one. In other regions that are not deprived of natural resources (for example, oil-bearing regions), the potential is assessed through a group of indicators for evaluating extractive industries. As a result, at the level of external assessment, the potential of the region, which is built on a point basis, will have a result that is expressed in comparable indicators, but in their own way assessing one or another essence of the region's competitiveness.
Thus, the deeper and more actively we use the characteristics of the region, local conditions, specific resources and other regional factors, the higher can be the internal integral assessment of the potential of the region and the external assessment of the region in comparison with others.
The need for an adequate assessment of the production potential of the region is determined by the dynamics of market development, external environment and other factors affecting production processes.
By reliably determining the parameters of the industrial potential and comparing them with the parameters of the resource potential of the region, it is possible to determine not only their state in relation to the production potential and the level of their use, but also the ways and trends in the development of the region's economy as a whole. With the help of the identified and assessed structure of industrial potential, it is possible to analyze individual industries.
Determination of the main trends and directions of development serves as the main reference point for the strategic direction of the region, which cannot be determined without a clear quantitative and qualitative assessment of the industrial production potential. In addition, the assessment of the industrial and production potential provides the basis for the formation of forecasts for the development of related areas of the socio-economic life of the region. Focusing on the state of industrial potential, it is possible to very selectively form the investment policy of the region and determine the investment strategy implemented by both the state and commercial investment structures in the industrial and production sector of the region.
Assessment of industrial and production potential allows you to objectively evaluate and implement innovative programs, form them on a realistic basis, obtained from assessments of production potential. Industrial and production potential also assesses the need for one direction or another in personnel training, development of production infrastructure, including the expansion of commercial relationships, procurement logistics, etc. The importance and relevance of the formation of an assessment of the production potential of the region are indisputable for the formation of a national industrial policy.
Literature
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2. Large economic vocabulary: 25000 terms / A.N. Azrilian, O. M. Azrilian, E.V. Kalashnikov and others; ed. A.N. Azrilian. 6th ed., Add. M .: Institute new economy, 2004.1373 p.
3. Comprehensive Dictionary of Economics: approx. 17,000 econ. terms and terminol. combinations / I.A. A. V. Maksimtsev Rozhdestvensky, L.S. Tarasevich, A.L. Kurakov; ed. L.P. Kurakova. Cheboksary: Chuvash Publishing House. University, 2007.1027 p.
4. Kurakov L.P. Russian economy: state and prospects / L.P. Kurakov. M .: Logos, 1998.575 p.
5. Resource potential region (theoretical and methodological aspects of research) / ed. K.M. Misco. Moscow: Nauka, 1991.94 p.
6. State and prospects of economic development of the Chuvash Republic / Kurakov LP, Fedorov NV. M .: Press-service, 1997.360 p.
OSIPOV DENIS GENNADIEVICH was born in 1983. Graduated from the Russian University of Cooperation. Department assistant sectoral economy Chuvash state university... Research interests - research into the industrial and production potential of the region. Author of 3 scientific papers.
Keywords
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH / INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL / INDUSTRIAL POLICY/ INDUSTRIAL GROWTH / INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL / INDUSTRIAL POLICYannotation scientific article on economics and business, the author of the scientific work - Larionov Artur Olegovich
The article raises the problem of evaluation industrial potential and ensuring its development. The urgency of the problem under consideration for the regional economy has been substantiated. It has been proven that for the formation of mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for a new high-quality industrial growth and development, it is advisable to assess the potential of industrial enterprises, the degree of its use and opportunities for growth. Solving this problem allows us to identify problems that hinder the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development. The article reveals the essence of industrial potential region. It is shown that the category " industrial potential»Is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region. Structural components identified and substantiated industrial potential and a set of indicators characterizing industrial potential region. Results of the conducted comparative assessment analysis industrial potential subjects of the Northwestern Federal District showed that all regions of the district have an "average" or "below average" level of potential development. Development industrial potential The Vologda Oblast proceeded more slowly than other regions of the Northwestern Federal District. In general, the values of the indices showed an uneven development of all components industrial potential region. The emerging situation is largely due to the low technical condition of fixed assets, a small number of organizations performing research and development, a declining number of highly qualified workers, and negative financial results of a significant number of industrial enterprises. The article concludes that in order to eliminate problems that hinder development industrial potential region, it is necessary to form a balanced and adequate to modern economic conditions industrial policy.
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Assessment of industrial potential of the region
The article raises the problem to assess industrial potential and ensure its development and substantiates the urgency of the problem for the regional economy. It proves that to form the mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for new industrial growth and development it is advisable to assess the industrial enterprises' potential, the extent of its use and the possibility for extension. The solution of this task allows us to identify the problems that prevent the formation of the region’s strategic competitiveness and determine the prospects of its development. The article reveals the essence of the region's industrial potential. It shows that the category “industrial potential” is one of the main components of the region’s economic potential. The work identifies and justifies the structural components of industrial potential and the set of indicators describing the region's industrial potential. The comparative assessment of industrial potential of the Northwestern Federal district regions reveals that all the regions have an “average” or “below average” level of potential development. The development of industrial potential in the Vologda Oblast is slower than in other NWFD regions. In general, the index values demonstrate the uneven development of all components of industrial potential of the region. The current situation is largely caused by a low technological state of fixed assets, a small number of the enterprises involved in research and development, a decreasing number of qualified workers and negative financial results of many industrial enterprises. The article concludes that to address the problems hindering the development of the region’s industrial potential it is necessary to form a balanced industrial policy, which corresponds to the modern economic conditions.
The text of the scientific work on the topic "Assessment of the industrial potential of the region"
UDC 338.45 BBK 65.30
© A.O. Larionov REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
LARIONOV ARTHUR OLEGOVICH
Junior Researcher of the Department of Social and Economic Development and Management in Territorial Systems Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science
Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of the Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: [email protected]
The article raises the problem of assessing industrial potential and ensuring its development. The urgency of the problem under consideration for the regional economy has been substantiated. It is proved that for the formation of mechanisms that contribute to the creation of conditions for new high-quality industrial growth and development, it is advisable to assess the potential of industrial enterprises, the degree of its use and opportunities for growth. Solving this problem allows us to identify problems that hinder the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as to determine the prospects for its development. The article reveals the essence of the region's industrial potential. It is shown that the category "industrial potential" is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region. The structural components of the industrial potential and a set of indicators characterizing the industrial potential of the region have been determined and substantiated. The results of the analysis of the comparative assessment of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District showed that all regions of the district have an "average" or "below average" level of potential development. The development of the industrial potential of the Vologda Oblast in comparison with other regions of the NWFD proceeded more slowly. In general, the values of the indices demonstrated the uneven development of all components of the region's industrial potential. The emerging situation is largely due to the low technical condition of fixed assets, a small number of organizations performing research and development, a declining number of highly qualified workers, and negative financial results of a significant number of industrial enterprises.
The article concludes that in order to eliminate the problems that hinder the development of the industrial potential of the region, it is necessary to form a balanced and adequate industrial policy to the current economic conditions.
Industrial growth, industrial potential, industrial policy.
The industrial complex forms the supporting structure of the country's economic system. In it, points of growth are formed and the factors of modern production are formed, human capital is concentrated and the organizational culture of the economic process is accumulated. The strategic orientation of the development of the region's industry determines the formation and transit of impulses that transform the functions and structure of almost all sectors of the national economy.
An increase in the rate of industrial growth in an unstable macroeconomic environment, the achievement of the set goals of modernization and the transition to an innovative path of development directly depend on the state of the industrial sector of the region's economy. The economic independence of the region and the focus on self-sufficiency have led to the need to create fundamentally new mechanisms for the management and development of industry. A. I. Tatarkin notes that it is impossible to develop a region and develop development strategies without relying on regional production capabilities. Therefore, to create
conditions of high-quality industrial growth of the regional economy, an urgent task is to assess the industrial potential of the region, the degree of its use, the possibility and necessity of increasing. The solution of this problem will reveal the problems that prevent the industry from providing an adequate contribution to the formation of the strategic competitiveness of the region, as well as determine the prospects for its development.
Having considered the theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of industrial potential, it should be noted that it is one of the main components of the economic potential of the region, has a significant impact on the level of development of the productive forces of society and represents a set of capabilities of industrial enterprises in the region (Fig. 1).
The practice of individual industrialized countries shows that even with limited natural resources, it is possible to have a highly developed economic potential if it is based on progressive and efficient production. Actually, the level
ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
Rice. 1. The place of industrial potential in the structure of the economic potential of the region
Source: Martem'yanov V. V. Development of the industrial potential of the region based on the modernization of its technological base abstract. dis. for a job. uch. Art. Cand. econom. Sciences: 08.00.05. - M.: Ros. economy acad. them. G.V. Plekhanov, 2010 .-- 24 p.
the structure, dynamism of material production determine the economic opportunities of the region. Machine building is of particular importance, as it provides all branches of the national economy with the means of production.
It should be noted that the study of industrial potential at the regional level is not widespread. However, it is possible to single out a number of works in which the problem of the development of the industrial potential of the region is considered.
So, Bakanach O.V. and Gaus K.V. the industrial potential of the region is understood as the aggregate ability of the region's enterprises to create and produce competitive products, promote them in the market, profitably sell and provide the required level of service. The authors note that the most important direction in the development of industrial potential is its renewal, technological modernization, accelerated development of industries that are the most technologically advanced. For the regional economy, in their opinion, the development of local industry is of primary importance, which plays an important role in creating jobs, meeting domestic demand, and contributing to the integrated development of the territory.
Tsogoev I.Kh. industrial potential is understood as an integral quantitative assessment of the maximum possible efficiency of the use of resources by industrial organizations in accordance with concluded contracts in the conditions of rational organization and cooperation of production of economic entities located in the corresponding territory. Industrial potential, which largely ensures the formation of gross value added, is characterized by
It is characterized by the presence of a certain proportionality and interrelationships between its components. At the same time, the proportions represent a kind of "framework" of industrial development, and the processes of transformation of these proportions serve as a condition for the implementation of industrial strategies.
Based on the presented definitions, it should be emphasized that industrial potential characterizes the aggregate power capabilities and capabilities of enterprises in the territory, which can be realized in the presence of resources. The total available resources, in turn, characterize the production and economic activity of enterprises and represent a system of potentials of a lower order. Based on the classification of production factors, as the components of industrial potential, one can single out material and technical, innovation, investment, labor, infrastructural, financial potentials, which in turn are formed on the basis of raw materials, industrial, research, innovation, investment, labor and information resources (Fig. 2).
The state of each structural component of industrial potential can be judged by a number of indicators shown in Table 2. However, this list is not exhaustive and can be supplemented.
The industrial potential of the region depends, first of all, on the availability, condition and efficiency of the use of fixed assets, that is, material and technical potential. Analysis of the dynamics of these indicators in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District for the period from 2005 to 2012
1Р2 INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL р 1Р1 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL POTENTIAL
1Р5 INFRASTRUCTURAL POTENTIAL | .р INDUSTRIAL || Р POTENTIAL - 1Р4 LABOR POTENTIAL
1GV FINANCIAL POTENTIAL 1Р6 INVESTMENT POTENTIAL
*.......................*......................*
MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL, RAW MATERIALS, RESEARCH, INVESTMENT, INNOVATIVE, INFORMATION, LABOR
Rice. 2. Formation of the industrial potential of the region
The characteristics of the components constituting the industrial potential of the components are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Structural components of the industrial potential of the region
No. Name of potential Characteristic
1P1 Material and technical fixed assets, which together form the material and technical potential of the region's industry, progressive technological redistributions, processes, and unique technologies available at enterprises.
1P2 Innovative A set of existing innovatively active enterprises, highly qualified workers capable of generating and implementing new technical ideas, as well as financial resources allocated for technological innovation in order to ensure an increase in the technical and technological level of production activities.
1Рз Financial The aggregate financial capabilities of the industry, ensuring the operational activities of the industry, the development of production infrastructure, as well as contributing to the solution of urgent problems and the achievement of the set economic goals.
1Р4 Labor The ability and readiness to use the labor resources of the territory to fulfill the tasks of production, ensuring the creation of finished products.
1P5 Infrastructural The aggregate capabilities of the territory, providing conditions for the effective functioning of industries, the circulation of goods and the life of people in the process of optimal interaction with the environment and rational use of resources.
1Rb Investment Opportunity and willingness of potential investors to invest in the development of regional industry.
Sources: Aganbegyan A. G., Mikheeva N. N., Fetisov G. G. Modernization of the real sector of the economy: a spatial aspect // All-Russian scientific journal "Region: Economics and Sociology". - 2012. - No. 4 (76). - S. 7-44; Kuznetsova A. I. Infrastructure: Questions of theory, methodology and applied aspects of modern infrastructure development. Geoeconomic approach. - M.: KomKniga, 2006 .-- 456 p .; Larionova O.A. Regional diversification and its impact on production development // Production organizer. - 2009. - No. 4 - S. 90-94.
years allows us to draw conclusions about a significant increase in the cost of fixed assets. On average, in the Northwestern Federal District, this indicator increased 3.4 times. The largest increase was recorded in the Arkhangelsk region - more than 4 times.
However, their condition is of fundamental importance. Statistical data indicate an increase in
penalties for the depreciation of fixed assets. So, during the study period, this indicator increased in the Republic of Karelia by 14.9 percentage points, in the Murmansk region - by 9.9 percentage points, in the Arkhangelsk region - by 7.9 percentage points, in the Vologda region - by 6.3 p.p. At the end of 2012, the degree of depreciation of the main production assets of the Vologda Oblast was 48.3%.
Table 2. Main indicators characterizing the industrial potential of the region
Indicator Unit rev. Industrial potential parameter
Block 1. Material and technical potential
1.1. The cost of fixed assets (OF) of industry per capita rubles. Characteristics of the provision of PF industry in the region
1.2. Depreciation rate of fixed assets of industry% Characteristics of the state of production resources
1.3. Return on assets - Efficiency of use of fixed assets
Block. 2 Innovation potential
2.1. Share of innovatively active enterprises% Opportunities of industrial enterprises to introduce innovative products
2.2. Share of shipped innovative products in the total volume of shipped industrial products% Degree of innovative development of industry
2.3. Share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total volume of investments in industry% Degree of priority of tasks of technological development of industry
2.4. The number of personnel engaged in research and development, per thousand people employed in industry. The degree of efficiency of the scientific and innovative sphere in industry
Block 3. Financial potential
3.1. The share of profitable industrial organizations in the total number of industrial organizations% Degree of efficiency of the region's industry
3.2. The balanced financial result of industrial enterprises per 1 ruble of fixed assets, rubles. Degree of financial capacity for industrial development
3.3. Return on assets of industrial organizations% Efficiency of using the assets of industrial organizations in order to generate profit
Block 4. Labor potential
4.1. Share of production and industrial personnel in the total number of employed in the economy% Human resources in industry
4.2. The share of graduated specialists with higher education in the total number of industrial personnel% Resource of highly qualified industrial personnel
4.3. The share of graduated specialists with a secondary vocational education in the total number of employed% Intellectual resource of the industry
Block. 5 Infrastructure potential
5.1. Density of public railways, kilometers per 1000 sq. km of territory km Density of transport infrastructure
5.2. Density of paved roads, kilometers of roads per 1000 sq. km of territory km
5.3. Availability of SEZs, PZs, industrial and technoparks with vacant space and ready-made infrastructure facilities (gas, electricity, water, sewage) ha Provision of the region with infrastructure and the necessary administrative and legal conditions for the location of new industries
Block 6. Investment potential
6.1. The volume of investments in fixed assets of industry per capita, rubles. Characteristics of the volume of investments directed to the modernization and development of the industry
6.2. Share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in industry% Degree of efficiency in attracting bank capital
6.3. Share of investments in machinery, equipment and vehicles in the total volume of investments in fixed assets of industrial organizations% Share of investments in own production assets
The efficiency of the use of fixed assets is determined by indicators of capital productivity. An analysis of its dynamics in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District shows that fixed assets are used most effectively in the Kaliningrad region and in the city of St. Petersburg. In the Vologda Oblast, the efficiency of using the main production
funds dropped significantly from 2.35 in 2005 to 1.5 in 2012 (Table 3).
In a competitive and open market environment, the innovative potential of the industrial sector is of fundamental importance. Sharing the opinion of the expert scientific community, it can be noted that the level of innovation activity as a whole in
Table 3. Dynamics of indicators of capital productivity *
Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012 - 2005, p.p. Change 2012 - 2008, p.p. ...
Kaliningrad Region 1.72 2.19 2.83 2.98 2.33 2.64 2.79 2.45 0.74 -0.53
Vologda Region 2.35 2.20 1.97 2.40 1.49 1.77 1.93 1.50 -0.85 -0.90
Pskov Region 1.24 1.27 1.44 1.50 1.16 1.42 1.75 1.45 0.21 -0.05
Novgorod Region 1.46 1.32 1.29 1.46 1.16 1.36 1.44 1.41 -0.05 -0.05
Republic of Karelia 1.39 1.32 1.38 1.36 0.98 1.17 1.21 1.07 -0.32 -0.29
Leningrad Region 1.10 1.24 1.14 1.28 1.15 1.15 1.17 0.98 -0.12 -0.30
Komi Republic 1.23 1.09 0.94 0.92 0.83 0.78 0.86 0.93 -0.29 0.01
Murmansk Region 1.13 1.13 1.12 1.14 1.00 1.29 0.80 0.78 -0.35 -0.36
Arkhangelsk Region 1.05 0.92 1.01 0.81 0.77 0.81 0.78 0.72 -0.34 -0.10
RF 1.32 1.43 1.45 1.43 1.09 1.21 1.25 1.20 -0.12 -0.23
NWFD 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.33 1.46 1.48 1.40 -0.03 -0.06
St. Petersburg 1.64 1.71 1.66 1.74 2.00 2.20 2.27 2.26 0.62 0.52
* The calculation was made according to the volume of manufactured products; regions are ranked according to the level of 2012. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
the country and in the NWFD remains very low (in 2012, 10.3% and 11.0%, respectively). The share of industrial enterprises in the Vologda Oblast that carry out innovative developments and implement them in production for the same period is less than 8% (at the end of the 1980s - 60 - 70%). According to the calculations of the National Association for Innovation and Development of Information Technologies, the Vologda Oblast was in 45th position in the rating of innovative activity of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2011, that is, it was included in the group of regions with a moderate level of innovative activity.
As a result, the share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products is extremely small. In the Russian Federation in 2012 this indicator reached only 7.5%, on average for the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District even less - 6.0%. Despite the fact that in value terms the volume of shipped innovative products of the Vologda Oblast increased by 6,486.3 million rubles, amounting to 16,593.1 million rubles in 2012, in general its share in the total volume does not exceed four percent (Table 4).
It should be noted that the cost of technological innovation in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District increased by 8.5 and 7.5 percentage points, respectively, compared to the 2005 level. The greatest
the share of funds in 2012 in technological innovation was invested by enterprises of the Novgorod region - more than 39% of the total investment, the Leningrad region - 12.5%, the Arkhangelsk region - 11.5%. However, in the Vologda Oblast, a decrease in this indicator is observed. In 2012, the volume of expenses amounted to 1,358.8 million rubles, which is by 448.1 million rubles. (a decrease of more than 25%) less than the 2005 level and by 1,285 million rubles. (a decrease of more than 48%) less than the 2008 level. Thus, the share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total volume of investments directed to the industry of the region for the last period amounted to only 2.5% (Table 5).
A small share of the costs allocated to technological innovation is reflected in the low number of employees performing research and development, which in turn affects the efficiency of their implementation. In 2012, this indicator per thousand employed in the Russian Federation is 55 people, in the Northwestern Federal District - 73 people. In the Leningrad region there are 36 people per thousand employed in industry, in the Murmansk region - 28 people, and in the Vologda region there is the lowest value of the indicator - only 3 people,
Table 4. The share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products,%
Arkhangelsk Region 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 6.8 6.5 6.7
Komi Republic - 0.9 5.3 4.5 0.6 2.9 7.6 5.7 - 1.2
Vologda Region 4.4 6.0 8.0 6.5 2.7 1.6 3.6 4.0 -0.4 -2.5
Novgorod Region 16.6 6.4 8.6 9.8 7.3 6.3 4.2 2.9 -13.7 -6.9
Pskov Region 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.3
Leningrad Region 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 2.2 2.1 0.8 0.3 -0.5
Republic of Karelia 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.3
Kaliningrad Region 6.8 5.1 7.8 6.4 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 -6.6 -6.2
Murmansk Region 3.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 -2.9 -0.1
RF 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.3 6.0 7.5 3.5 3.0
NWFD 2.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 2.8 3.4 4.4 6.0 3.2 2.6
St. Petersburg 2.4 7.5 3.2 2.7 4.5 5.8 7.0 10.0 7.6 7.3
Table 5. Share of expenditures on technological innovations in the total volume of investments in industry,%
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2012 - 2005, p.p. Change 2012 - 2008, p. P.
Novgorod Region 23.5 30.1 22.9 20.8 11.0 15.7 9.1 39.3 15.8 18.5
Leningrad Region 4.4 6.0 9.0 3.4 10.5 7.3 7.0 12.5 8.1 9.1
Arkhangelsk Region 4.5 0.7 1.5 1.7 3.2 1.3 6.3 11.5 7.0 9.8
Pskov Region 5.8 8.4 6.1 6.5 5.0 5.8 5.3 10.5 4.6 3.9
Komi Republic 8.7 2.3 3.3 2.1 1.5 2.9 41.9 4.9 -3.8 2.8
Republic of Karelia 3.1 12.3 15.8 30.7 16.9 28.5 6.8 2.9 -0.2 -27.8
Vologda Region 7.7 8.1 19.9 11.0 20.9 10.6 29.2 2.5 -5.2 -8.5
Murmansk Region 15.1 18.3 26.9 26.7 19.1 12.6 3.1 1.8 -13.3 -24.8
Kaliningrad Region 1.6 22.1 2.6 3.9 2.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 -0.1 -2.5
RF 11.0 12.4 9.3 9.4 13.6 11.2 18.5 19.5 8.5 10.1
NWFD 10.5 11.6 11.6 9.3 12.6 11.2 19.6 18.1 7.5 8.8
St. Petersburg 23.8 25.9 25.1 23.9 27.8 23.7 49.0 57.1 33.2 33.2
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M ..; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
moreover, during the study period, the reduction was 8.6% (from 464 to 424 people). The number of organizations that carried out research and development among manufacturing industries in the Vologda Oblast was only two units, and the number of advanced production technologies created by them was one.
Particular attention should be paid to the indicators of the financial block, which testify to the ineffective functioning of the industry. The share of profitable organizations since 2005 on average across the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District has increased, reaching in 2012 values of 62.6 and 57.4%, respectively. However, since 2008, it is necessary to note a decrease in this
th indicator for most subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, which is associated with the reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. The Komi Republic and the Pskov Region are the only regions in the Okrug that have increased their share of profitable organizations (54.2 and 62.3%, respectively). The share of organizations in the Vologda Oblast with positive financial results since 2008 decreased by 13.8 percentage points, amounting to 50.7% in 2012. The pre-tax profit of the region's enterprises reached only 43.4 billion rubles, which is 15 billion rubles less than in 2006.
Low values of the return on assets indicator in the Russian Federation and the Northwestern Federal District are one of the main reasons for negative financial
results of industrial organizations. The highest return on assets of industrial organizations is observed in the republics of Karelia and Komi, as well as in the Murmansk region (10.6, 7.2 and 8.5%, respectively). Among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, one can single out the Pskov, Novgorod and Arkhangelsk regions, in which investments in the property of industrial organizations do not bring an appropriate return, the return on assets has negative values (-0.3, -0.6, -3.9 p.p., respectively) ... This indicator in the Vologda Oblast in 2012 is already low - only 5.4%, in addition, during the analyzed period it also decreased by 4.3 percentage points (Table 6).
2005 - 2012 Among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District, there is a tendency towards a decrease in production and industrial personnel in the total number of people employed in the economy. Arkhangelsk and Kaliningrad regions are the only subjects where an increase in this indicator can be traced during the study period (+0.58 and +2.88 pp, respectively). In the Vologda Oblast, the greatest decrease in this indicator (-3.48 percentage points) is observed among the regions of the Northwestern Federal District (in 2012 - 23.65% against 27.13% in 2005, Table 7).
In addition, in the real sector, according to the monitoring of the functioning and development of industry, Vologda
Table 6. Return on assets of industrial organizations,%
Komi Republic 7.4 9.0 10.0 4.9 9.1 11.5 14.1 10.6 3.2 5.7
Murmansk Region 11.5 14.5 16.8 12.7 10.1 12.5 13.7 8.5 -3.0 -4.3
Republic of Karelia 22.8 10.2 9.5 15.0 -3.0 14.5 10.1 7.2 -15.6 -7.9
Leningrad Region 3.1 -0.7 8.6 6.3 1.6 3.7 2.9 5.5 2.4 -0.9
Vologda Region 9.7 3.4 7.7 9.1 1.5 -0.9 0.1 5.4 -4.3 -3.7
Kaliningrad Region 11.0 6.5 5.2 3.3 4.9 8.7 7.8 3.9 -7.1 0.6
Pskov Region 0.4 0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -0.5 2.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2
Novgorod Region 29.5 9.4 18.6 7.6 1.8 1.5 2.5 -0.6 -30.0 -8.2
Arkhangelsk Region 3.2 -4.7 -0.4 -2.8 2.4 3.0 -2.4 -3.9 -7.1 -1.1
RF 9.2 11.3 9.9 7.1 5.7 8.1 7.9 7.0 -2.2 -0.2
NWFD 8.8 9.1 8.6 5.6 6.3 8.8 8.7 6.2 -2.6 0.6
St. Petersburg 15.7 16.7 13.9 14.8 8.3 13.2 10.6 3.0 -12.7 -11.8
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p. P.
Novgorod Region 27.14 26.73 26.75 26.72 26.49 26.67 26.24 26.44 -0.70 -0.27
Leningrad Region 25.54 25.34 25.16 25.05 24.25 24.76 24.64 24.15 -1.39 -0.91
Vologda Region 27.13 26.29 26.06 25.11 23.90 24.54 24.44 23.65 -3.48 -1.46
Arkhangelsk Region 22.43 21.49 21.31 21.39 21.31 22.79 22.79 23.00 0.58 1.61
Kaliningrad Region 18.69 23.36 22.97 22.89 21.88 21.60 21.48 21.56 2.88 -1.32
Murmansk Region 21.69 21.67 20.88 20.23 19.87 20.29 20.52 20.21 -1.48 -0.02
Pskov Region 20.29 20.64 20.93 20.78 19.97 19.95 19.53 19.73 -0.56 -1.04
Komi Republic 20.80 20.70 20.58 20.07 19.44 20.36 20.02 19.31 -1.50 -0.76
Republic of Karelia 21.23 20.03 19.85 19.66 18.40 18.30 17.91 18.00 -3.23 -1.67
RF 21.66 21.33 21.05 20.62 19.69 19.67 19.63 19.42 -2.25 -1.20
NWFD 21.87 21.76 21.23 20.74 19.76 20.05 19.95 19.87 -2.00 -0.87
St. Petersburg 19.75 19.32 18.21 17.38 15.94 15.87 15.91 16.15 -3.61 -1.23
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Table 7. The share of production and industrial personnel in the total number of employed in the economy,%
region, conducted by ISEDT RAS in 2012, 54% of managers noted that the most acute problem is the lack of highly qualified workers in leading professions. This fact is explained by a decrease in the region (by 1600 people) in the share of graduates of workers with secondary vocational education, which in 2012 is about 3% of the total number of people employed in industry. On average, the values of this indicator for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2012 do not exceed 5%.
A well-developed transport infrastructure is of great importance for the industrial potential. In the Russian Federation, the density of public railways in 2012 is 50 km per thousand sq. meters of territory, and road - 54 km. In the Northwestern Federal District, these indicators are slightly higher, and the density of railways - 78 km, road - 56 km. During the study period, practically no changes were observed in the development of the transport infrastructure of the Vologda Oblast. Both in 2005 and 2012, the region lags significantly behind in the density of railways (7.9 times) and highways (4.4 times), for example, in comparison with the Kaliningrad region (the leader in the density of railways and highways). In 2012, 1000 sq. meters of the region's territory account for 53 and 82 kilometers of railways and highways, respectively. At the same time, the development of industrial parks in the region should be noted. In terms of the presence and size of such specially organized territories with a ready-made production infrastructure and the necessary administrative and legal conditions for the location of new industrial facilities, the region is second only to the Leningrad Region. So, in 2012, according to the Association of Indus-
industrial parks in the Vologda region, two industrial parks "Sokol" and "Sheksna" are registered with the total area of the territories allotted for industrial production, 1624 hectares. In the Leningrad region for the same period, this figure is 3725 hectares. However, it is still too early to talk about the significant efficiency of these parks. At present, only two enterprises operate on the territory of the Sheksna Park - the Sheksna Pipe Profile Plant, a plant for the production of medical cotton wool. A biotechnological plant and a plant for hot-dip galvanizing of metals are under construction. This means that part of the land allocated for the construction of production facilities is still empty, and attracting new investors is slow.
In general, in order to achieve industrial and general economic growth of the territory, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of the road network, the construction of highways, highway back-ups, transport interchanges and the maintenance of existing highways in a standard condition, as well as the railway networks of the territory. The development of infrastructure contributes to a better and more efficient management of material flows in the process of purchasing, supplying, transporting and storing materials, parts and finished products, optimizes costs and streamlines the production process, sales and related services both within one enterprise and the entire industry of the region.
Analyzing the investment potential of the industry, it is necessary to note an increase in the inflow of investments in all regions of the NWFD. The largest inflow of investments for the period 2005 - 2012 was carried out in the Republic of Komi and the Murmansk region (261.2 and 189.4 thousand rubles, respectively), the smallest - in the Republic
Karelia (50.3 thousand rubles). In 2012, in the Vologda Oblast, the volume of investments in industry per capita amounted to 125.6 thousand rubles, which is 2.6 times higher than the level of 2005 (48.9 thousand rubles).
At the same time, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the share of banking capital directed to the development of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation and the North-West Federal District. 2008 -2012 the share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in the Novgorod region decreased by 7.4 pp, in the Pskov region - by 6.1 pp, in the Komi Republic - by 10 pp. The share of bank investments in the Vologda region for the entire study the period of time decreased by 3.9 p.p., amounting in 2012 to only 3.9% of the total
the volume of investments in industry. The leader among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District by this indicator is the Kaliningrad region, where the share of bank capital amounted to 19.7% (Table 8).
There is also a decrease in the share of investments directed to machinery, equipment and vehicles of industrial organizations of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. The most significant decrease in this indicator is observed in the Kaliningrad region - by 28 percentage points, in the Novgorod region - by 19.9 percentage points, in the Republic of Karelia - by 16.2 percentage points. oblast decreased by 7.6 percentage points and at the end of 2012 amounted to 28.2% (Table 9).
Table 8. The share of bank investments in the total volume of investments in industry,%
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p. P.
Kaliningrad Region 30 12.5 27.1 24 7.7 5.3 11.4 19.7 -10.3 -4.3
Republic of Karelia 20.3 8.7 13.9 21.1 12.6 11 14.5 17.4 -2.9 -3.7
Pskov Region 2.2 10.1 17.8 17.7 3.1 19.5 6.9 11.6 9.4 -6.1
Novgorod Region 3.2 10.3 7.6 14.9 13.8 14.5 15.2 7.5 4.3 -7.4
Leningrad Region 4.2 6.9 6.7 6.9 7.8 4.5 13.5 4.3 0.1 -2.6
Arkhangelsk Region 4.2 2.3 4.3 6.5 5.4 3.3 3.5 4.1 -0.1 -2.4
Vologda Region 7.5 3.7 11.4 7.2 10.8 9.2 4.9 3.6 -3.9 -3.6
Murmansk Region 6.5 4.6 11.3 3.7 7.3 9.3 2.4 1.0 -5.5 -2.7
Komi Republic 2.1 1.7 9.3 10.4 8.7 15.7 1.1 0.4 -1.7 -10
RF 8.1 9.6 10.4 11.8 9 10.3 19.2 8.4 0.3 -3.4
NWFD 8.6 7.8 9.4 10.6 11.3 9.2 8.9 6 -2.6 -4.6
St. Petersburg 11.6 14.7 9.6 12.3 17.3 10.7 13.8 11.1 -0.5 -1.2
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Region * 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change 2011 - 2005, p.p. Change 2011 - 2008, p. P.
Murmansk Region 71.0 68.9 63.3 70.9 64.0 48.3 60.6 56.6 -14.4 -14.3
Pskov Region 53.9 58.3 49.2 46.2 51.1 43.5 50.7 52.2 -1.7 6.0
Republic of Karelia 55.1 46.3 53.4 53.5 43.0 40.9 41.7 38.9 -16.2 -14.6
Arkhangelsk Region 30.0 24.1 25.9 26.9 31.0 30.9 36.9 34.0 4.0 7.1
Novgorod Region 52.2 57.8 43.9 33.2 37.9 29.5 40.2 32.3 -19.9 -0.9
Kaliningrad Region 56.5 51.3 47 40.7 45.4 44.2 33.3 28.5 -28.0 -12.2
Leningrad Region 41.2 28.9 32.5 28.3 31.5 30.1 36.2 28.3 -12.9 0
Vologda Region 35.8 30.4 35.1 36.4 45.9 46.2 35.2 28.2 -7.6 -8.2
Komi Republic 39.5 29.5 39.3 32.3 26.0 21.6 33.6 26.8 -12.7 -5.5
RF 41.1 37.7 38.9 35.4 37.2 38.6 37.9 36.3 -4.8 0.9
NWFD 44.0 37.5 39.3 37.5 38.3 36.7 39.9 35.3 -8.7 -2.2
St. Petersburg 46.4 44.7 44.0 41.0 41.3 43.3 46.2 47.8 1.4 6.8
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. Sources: Socio-economic indicators: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M .; Industry of Russia: stat. Sat. / Rosstat. - M.
Table 9. The share of investments in machinery, equipment and vehicles of the total volume of investments in fixed assets of industrial organizations,%
Based on the analysis of the structural components, the values of the integral indicator of the industrial potential of the studied territories were calculated. To calculate it, as well as to take into account the significance of the degree of differences in indicators in their level across regions, the method of multivariate comparative analysis was applied, which allows taking into account not only the absolute values of indicators of each region, but also the degree of their proximity (range) to the reference indicator. In this regard, the coordinates of the compared regions are expressed in fractions of the corresponding coordinates of the standard. For reference indicators, the maximum or minimum value of a particular indicator among all regions of the North-West District for the entire study period is taken. The results of calculating the integral indicator of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District are presented in Table 10.
In general, for the analyzed period from 2005 to 2012, the values of the integral indicators of the industrial potential of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District had insignificant fluctuations, that is, they belonged to groups with an “average” or “below average” level of industrial potential. In 2012, the group with an "average" level of potential included almost all subjects. Na-
high values of the integral indicator of industrial potential for the same period among the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District are observed in the Leningrad, Kaliningrad regions and the Komi Republic. The smallest are in the Vologda, Pskov and Arkhangelsk regions. The Leningrad Region and the Komi Republic (+0.146 and +0.117, respectively) were able to significantly increase their potential, which is marked by the transition of these subjects from the group with the potential level “below average” to the group with the “average” level. In the Kaliningrad, Novgorod, Vologda regions, as well as the Republic of Karelia, a decrease in the value of the integral indicator of industrial potential is observed over the period under study. The Pskov region is the only subject whose integral indicator for the entire period under consideration was unable to overcome the upper limit of the occupied group.
The value of the integral index of the industrial potential of the Vologda Oblast in 2012 is 0.390 pp. It is worth noting a significant decrease in the index in 2009 - 2010, which is associated with the reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. Despite a slight increase in the integral indicator in the post-crisis period (+0.012), the
Table 10. Values of integral indicators of the industrial potential of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District *
Region 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Change in index
2012 - 2009 2012 - 2005 Change since 2005
Leningrad Region 0.378 0.393 0.419 0.422 0.437 0.452 0.547 0.524 +0.087 +0.146 ▲
Kaliningrad Region 0.540 0.510 0.545 0.518 0.489 0.488 0.508 0.509 +0.020 -0.030 ▼
Komi Republic 0.330 0.356 0.405 0.391 0.413 0.428 0.436 0.447 +0.034 +0.117 ▲
Murmansk Region 0.412 0.425 0.443 0.426 0.433 0.433 0.417 0.435 +0.002 +0.023 ▲
Republic of Karelia 0.432 0.387 0.411 0.430 0.356 0.409 0.427 0.423 +0.068 -0.009 ▼
Novgorod Region 0.469 0.445 0.476 0.448 0.432 0.412 0.416 0.417 -0.015 -0.051 ▼
Vologda Region 0.419 0.400 0.432 0.469 0.374 0.343 0.384 0.390 +0.015 -0.030 ▼
Pskov Region 0.319 0.339 0.351 0.355 0.342 0.380 0.357 0.383 +0.041 +0.064 ▲
Arkhangelsk Region 0.340 0.377 0.412 0.409 0.374 0.366 0.352 0.375 +0.001 +0.035 ▲
* Regions are ranked by 2012 level. i i i- IDP “average”, ■■■■ - IDP “below average” ▲ - increase in the AIP index ▼ - decrease in the AIP index since 2005