How to associate the fittings of the knitting wire. The subtleties of the process of reinforcement of the ribbon foundation
The basis of any building is continuously subjected to loads; It affects the weight of the construction, climate and processes occurring in the soil. If there is a defect at the base, it will cause the gradual destruction of the structure. The only way to strengthen the design is to make it the most durable, is the reinforcement of the foundation. The work of the generations of builders formed the techniques and rules of how to knit fittings for the foundation to get a reliable basis.
Prepared reinforced carcass
Ribbon foundation in private construction: Features and restrictions
The basis of the belt foundation is concrete. This material was widely used as a basis for the construction of buildings in ancient Rome. And only 200 years ago, it was guessed to increase its strength with the help of a frame of steel rods. The new building material, reinforced concrete, combined the favorable characteristics of the metal and concrete and made it possible to build impressive structures. The process of placing a metal frame in concrete began to call reinforcement.
When a country house is designed, it is the ribbon foundation as the basis for it. On the preparation of a belt base (like any other) takes 25-30% of the cost of construction; The cause of his demand is in a successful combination of qualities:
Non-constructive execution.
Suitable for projects with basement (in contrast to the pile screw analogue) and heavy floors (reinforced concrete, monolithic).
Does not need the use of special equipment.
Ribbon Foundation in Formwork
Despite its widespread, the belt foundation has both restrictions in the application:
It is beneficial only on dry and stony soils.
Poorly suitable for the device on a problematic (wet bunchedness, peat) soil; It will have to pour into a large depth, which is unprofitable.
The shape of the ribbon foundation is determined by the layout; It has a closed shape, packed throughout the perimeter of the house, under the carrier walls and inner partitions.
Prerequisites: What is the reinforcement
The foundation is created in order to withstand the load of the structure; It is best that it copes with evenly applied pressure power. But in practice, the load is too often it turns out to be uneven and internal stresses occur in the foundation. The reason can be both shut-off changes and project errors (unequal weight of individual parts of the design).
Design errors will definitely be noticeable
Concrete has excellent indicators of resistance to axial compression and weak - on stretching. The reinforcement rods have natural plasticity and compensate for the lack of concrete. The latter, in turn, protects the metal from corrosion.
During operation, concrete (which resists compression) and metal (stretching) are capable of resist in multidirectional loads as efficiently as possible, protecting the design from destruction. Properly conducted reinforcement not only increases strength, but is also a means of saving: it allows to reduce the cost of concrete (reduce the massiveness of the foundation).
Requirements for reinforcement
Ribbon foundation is laid with a safety margin; It should be resistant to external factors (mechanical and climatic). How correctly knit fittings for a belt foundation is described in the positions of SNiP 52-01-2003, containing detailed requirements for the design and materials. A number of requirements are put forward to the reinforcement:
The placement of the reinforcement frame should not prevent the proper technological fill of concrete.
The valve is installed with a given calculated step.
Calculation of the chart of clamps during the corner reinforcement
At the crossing of the frame, floating (movable) rod compounds are allowed at any combination method.
It is necessary to create a protective anti-corrosion layer for the design.
Replacing the type of carrier rods is allowed if the calculated bearing ability remains the same.
On our site you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service repair and design of the foundation. Directly to communicate with representatives, you can visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-rise country".
Materials and tools used for reinforcement
Since the reinforcement frame increases the stability of the structure, making a significant part of the load, its quality acquires fundamental importance. The frame is formed from interconnected reinforcement rods. For mating frameworks are used different:
Types of fittings
Manufacturers offer fittings that can be divided by:
Manufacturing material.Steel fittings - classic, time-tested option; It is divided into 6 classes in strength, it can be bent and welded. Composite fittings contain carbon, basalt, glass or aramid fibers. It is lighter, cheap, not subject to corrosion, does not bend and cannot be welding.
Armature with a periodic profile is characterized by improved performance.
Profile. Armature with a smooth profile is more often used as connecting jumpers. The reinforcement with a periodic profile has a embossed surface that improves adhesion with concrete.
Materials for compound
The nipment of reinforcement for the ribbon foundation, the scheme of which can change, is made using:
Knitting wire.Reliable and widespread connection technology using a node. There are different label schemes.
Threaded and crimping couplings (in places of mechanical joints).
Metal clips.Elements of reinforcement are connected without knitting knitting.
Plastic clamps and clips(clamps). Plastic products provide simple and fast installation, corrosion resistant. Their use is not approved by all professionals.
Promotional reinforcement rods bonded by a clamp
Welding.The process is characterized by speed, but the welds are formed by a rigid compound, differ by density from the base metal and are subject to corrosion. When the load changes, they burst and reduce the strength of the foundation. The method is suitable for connecting large diameter rods (industrial objects); To obtain a high-quality seam, a highly qualified welder needs.
Tools of tools for mating fittings
The nipping of reinforcement for a ribbon foundation is considered to be practical than welding: the strength in the nodes is not reduced, does not need a qualified welder, the work passes directly in the formwork (or nearby). The spatial frame of fittings can be collected as manually (that it is not easy to make hands in gloves) and with the help of the tool. For knitting use:
Knitting gun. The fastest way. The pistol is inconvenient to use in hard-to-reach places; In addition, he consumes a lot of wire. Its main drawback is the price. Models of leading manufacturers are about 30000 rubles, the Chinese pistol is enough for 1 foundation.
Professional tool - Pistol for mating fittings
Hook for knitting. Looks like a curved and sharpened nail with a handle instead of a hat. It is often used as a nozzle, clamping in the cartridge of the screwdriver. Industry produces screw hooks - efficient in work, but slowing the knitting process (leave long tails).
Folk remedies. If the scope of work is small and the tool not stored, pliers use or make a hook from a suitable nail. Qualitative result cannot be obtained using homemade; This approach will consistently affect the strength of the structure.
On the reinforcement of a small-breeding belt foundation on video:
Requirements for the parameters of the reinforcement frame
The rods that make up the design differ in purpose:
Working reinforcement. So called longitudinal horizontal bars placed along the foundation tape.
Clamps.They are divided into transverse horizontal and vertical, bind the frame into a single whole.
The assembly frame of the foundation in private construction often has parameters:
Armature.Metal or composite, cross section 11-14 mm (for a small economic building), with a periodic profile and a cross section of 12-18 mm (for reinforcing the foundation of the ribbon type).
Example How to knit fittings for the foundation by transverse clamps
Horizontal elements.The rods are stacked and connected with vertical elements. In the fine-breed foundation, 2 layers are made (from 2 to 4 rods in each), in deep-brewed - 3. The distance between the rods does not exceed 30-40 cm.
Vertical elements(Connecting and supporting the upper and lower layer) are placed after 40-90 cm. The load on the vertical elements is small, so the cross section of 6-11 mm can be used for them.
Corrosion protection. The reinforcement frame must be fully immersed in concrete; From formworking it should be separated by 6-8 cm. When organizing a foundation for a private house, reinforcement bars in most cases are connected by a knitted hook.
How correctly knit enforce with crochet on video:
Calculation of the number of consumables for mating fittings
The amount of material (in the route meters) is calculated based on:
Parameters of the foundation (lengths, widths, depths)
Reinforcement schemes (number of layers and longitudinal rods in width)
Most often, material for reinforcement is implemented not by route meters, and kilograms. Special tables exist to transfer values. Plastic fittings are more often sold by route meters.
Ribbon Foundation Reinforcement Scheme
Marking of fittings, corners reinforcement
The correct knitting of reinforcement for a belt foundation, optimal in many respects, is a compound of the rod of the reinforcing frame of the "cell". In this case, the rows are fixed with wire (or another selected method) at an angle of 90 °. The mating circuit consists of several consecutive operations:
From the macs of knitting wire, a fragment is cut 25-30 cm long (for rod with a cross section of 8-16 mm).
Wire bend in half and roll under the back of the rods, placing diagonally.
Crochet clinging the loop (the place of bending the wire), the opposite end of the wire will be burned over the intersection of the rods and stacked above the crochet.
Rotation of the hook around the upper end of the wire is created a twist of 3-4 revolutions.
The hook is extracted, the ends of the wire will be filmed inside the design.
About the intricacies of reinforcement on video:
The corners of the belt foundation can not be reinmed by a simple overlap of the rod; This is considered a gross violation of technology. For reinforcing the angles and compounds with them, the adjacent linear elements use bent rods, an angular fragment is amplified by M-shaped or P-shaped anchors.
Bars laid on the corners of the building without bend, at right angles, are unable to create a tough design. Such areas of the foundation with a large share of probability in the future will be affected.
Reinforcement of angles requires compliance with technology
Reinforcement technology: the procedure for execution and features of the stages
The frame for the future foundation is calculated and mounted on the basis of the size of the trench, from the working fittings and auxiliary wire. Its parameters are calculated in advance, taking into account the expected load; Collect design comfortably on a long workbench. Installation of reinforcement passes in stages:
Vertical elements are collected (Clamps). The vertical location of the rod is checked by a plumb.
The bottom horizontal belt is mounted.The bottom belt works on the deflection of the foundation down. It is attached to a knitting wire to vertical clamps.
Mounted upper horizontal belt. His task is to resist the wigipib of the foundation tape up.
Corner elements are mounted. They need to pay special attention as they bind the parties of the foundation. Additional hardness is provided by additional vertical racks that are twice as much more often.
Prepaid formwork under the foundation.
Installation of a linear fragment of the reinforcing frame
The prepared reinforcing framework is carried out. In the process of laying between the rods of the reinforcement, pipes are packed (through them the engineering communications and ventilation systems) will be subsequently laid).
Concrete poured.Pouring is performed in several techniques, with a resurrection of each layer (manually or vibroplatform). Such technology ensures the uniform distribution of the concrete mix.
The foundation is waterproofing. After the biting of concrete, the foundation tape is covered with bitumen mastic or rubberoid. Such an operation is an important measure to save the foundation.
If the frame is going to the trench, into the ground, with the compliance of the calculated distances, the rods are folded first. The transverse jumpers, lower and upper reinforcement belt are fixed on them.
Conclusion
The foundation laying is the responsible stage of construction, which determines the strength of the supporting structure and the whole house. So that the foundation is working properly and for many years did not give a reason for concern, work is best entrusted to professionals.
Armature in the foundation performs an important role - does not allow the design to collapse when bending. To connect the rods among themselves, one of two methods can be used: nipping or welding. The first method is most preferable, although it requires large labor costs. To competently perform knitting fittings, you need to get acquainted with the technology of work.
The connection of the rods among themselves can be performed in three ways: a pistol, crochet or pliers. The first option will allow you to do everything without unnecessary labor and time costs, but will require the availability of special techniques and the ability to handle it.
For mating reinforcement use knitted wire. The clamps need to be chosen in accordance with GOST "Wire steel low carbon overall use. Technical conditions. " The material must be treated by the roasting, which will increase the flexibility and simplify the work on the mating frame from the reinforcement. At the same time, the strength of the clamps for the compound does not decrease, which allows not to worry about reliability. When the diameter of the reinforcement for the foundation is not more than 16 mm, it is recommended to use a wire with a cross section 1.2-1.4 mm. Smaller clamps will not be able to guarantee the connection strength, so they are folded several times. It is important to remember that the thickness of the wire, the more difficult it will bend it.
When working with a special pistol, there are no problems, but with a private house-building, it is rarely resorted to its help. More often builders choose knitting hooks. To make the connection you need to act according to the following scheme:
- Prepared source materials. In this case, it is necessary to cut the knitted wire on a part of a length of 20-25 cm each and folded twice.
- The wire is slightly bend and fed diagonally under the intersection of the rods that need to be connected.
- The hook for mating reinforcement is set in a loop formed when the wire is folded in half. The tool also engages and the second end of the fastener. In order for the end not jumping from the hook, it is bent. At the same time, it is not necessary to produce a wire through the loop.
- The hook rotate clockwise, thus tightening the wire (loop and ends) until it stops. It is important to control the effort so that the wire is not damaged and did not break. In order for the connection to be reliable enough to limit the three-four turns.
- After the connection is performed, it is necessary to gently pull the hook from the loop and move to the next section.
Scheme of mating reinforcement.
Such a technology is used if necessary to connect two rods located perpendicular to each other. Especially many such sites in slab foundations, where reinforcement is made by grids.
Difficulties may occur when using smooth A240 fittings. In this case, the clamps can move freely, which leads to a decrease in the reliability of the compounds and the displacement of the grid nodes. Regulatory documents do not recommend applying for the supporting rods below the class A240, therefore, subject to the norms, there are no such problems.
To simplify work, you can make templates for mating. These elements work on the principle of workbenks. For the manufacture they take wooden blanks with a width of 30-50 cm and up to 3 meters long. They are drilled by grooves and holes, in which the rods will be fixed later. It will be necessary to decompose the segments of the knitting wire.
Read more about the way of connecting fittings, read.
Band assembly for ribbon foundation
When the design is reinforced, it is important to comply with all requirements. Ribbon should be strengthened by frames. The scheme includes the following types of reinforcement:
- Working. It is accepted depending on the cross section of the foundation and load on it. For private houses, it is assigned only on the basis of the size of the tape. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe cross section of rods is calculated as 0.1% of the transverse area of \u200b\u200bthe reinforced design. It is important to take into account the minimum value that for the tape with a length of less than 3 m is 10 mm, and for other cases 12 mm.
- Cross-structural. The minimum diameter is 6 mm.
- Vertical constructive. With a tape height, less than 80 cm must be at least 6 mm, in other cases - 8 mm.
When laying the frame, the rules on the protective layer of reinforcement, which, according to the "manual for the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy concrete without prior voltage, is taken equal to:
- 40 mm for working reinforcement in the presence of concrete preparation, 70 mm in its absence;
- 35 mm for constructive reinforcement in the presence of concrete preparation, 65 mm in its absence.
An assembly of a ribbon foundation frame can be performed in two ways: in the pit or trench and on the surface. The easiest to control the accuracy and quality of the compounds during the second method. After all the elements of the reinforcement are connected, the frame is lowered and installed in the design position. When working, it is important to take into account the minimum nesting of the rods when the length is connected by length, which is 20 diameters of reinforcement, but not less than 250 mm. It is important to provide additional reinforcement at the corners of the tape. There are several schemes for performing such compounds (brackets, using additional parts), while the transverse reinforcement step is reduced by half.
One of the possible reinforcement schemes of the ribbon foundation.
Read more about how to correctly reinforce the ribbon foundation.
Assembly
The slab foundation according to the above-mentioned manual is reinforced from such a calculation so that the general cross section of the reinforcement rods in one direction was 0.3% of the plate cross section, the diameter of the rods of at least 10 mm (12 mm at a side length of more than 3 m). It is important to take into account the height of the design. If it is 150 mm and less, they knit one grid, in other cases it will be necessary to launch reinforcement in two rows, handling the vertical clamps between them.
The assembly work of the reinforcement frame is performed in the following sequence:
Read more about how to correctly reinforce the slab foundation.
Armature nippers
The technology here is similar to a belt foundation. The only difference is that it will be necessary to change the reinforcement scheme in the nodes of the fraud and separately standing support. Reinforced concrete woodwork can be installed for various foundations:
- reinforced concrete bar;
- buried piles;
- screw piles.
In all cases, the fastening of the tape and support is performed using fittings. At the same time, the frame knit so that two rods join the pile with the lower belt, and two with the top. Attachment only to the bottom row is incorrect. Reinforcement at the corners and places of the walls of the walls are performed in the same way as for the ribbon design.
Scheme of the proper arrangement of the pairing knot / pile.
Read more How to reinforce the reinforced concrete scarlet.
If the framework of the frame is performed independently, and the builders brigade is invited, unfair employees may suggest replace the knitting welding. Agree to this is not worth it. This attempt to reduce the labor-intensity of the process and increase the speed of work production can lead to a decrease in the strength of the rods in places of compound and premature corrosion of reinforcement.
Tip! If you need contractors, there is a very convenient service for their selection. Just send in the form below a detailed description of the works that you need to perform and offers to you in the post office with prices from building brigades and firms. You can see the reviews about each of them and photos with examples of work. This is free and does not oblige anything.
When filling the foundation it is very important to put a high-quality reinforcement grid into it, which will provide the desired hitch and the solidity of the base. It will not be possible to make a grid, using only one rod, bending it at different angles. This requires a large amount of material and its proper compound. Specialists do not recommend using welding, since the structure of the metal is disturbed and its strength is reduced. The most practical way is the knitting of reinforcement.
Previously, when filling the foundation, an exceptionally steel wire was used, made according to the relevant GOST, in several layers. This guaranteed the necessary base strength in the future. But today there is a sufficient diversity of knitting materials, which can also be considered reliable.
Steel wire
Steel (or as it is customary - knitting) wire is the most acceptable material for mating fittings. When it is made, an indirected steel with a low carbon content is used, which makes the wire strong enough, and at the same time soft. The knitting wire is divided into 2 types:
- Black. The most practical and comfortable. If there was a black wire of insufficient soft softness, it should be hired in a fire for 30 minutes, cool, and you can start working.
- Galvanized. Very rarely, this type of wire is acquired for the mating of the reinforcement, since it does not have an oxygen current, and accordingly, there can be no corrosion processes. Therefore, extra spending here is nothing.
Plastic clamps
The consumable material is quite popular to date, which will help quickly understand how to quickly knit any fittings. But it cannot be said that professional builders adhere to the opinions of the majority, as plastic products, have a lower price, but are not able to withstand such an effort that withstands steel wire.
Plastic clamps differ from the knitting wire not only by a smaller price, they are also unusually easy to use - it is enough to overtake the product around the reinforcement rods, skip one end through a special ear and tighten it. A frequent problem is the rupture of the clamps, for example, when the builder comes to reinforcement rods. Therefore, for greater reliability, it is necessary to wear 2 or more layers located in different directions.
Instruments
It should not be used to use rebar of fittings, as this will not allow to achieve a high reliability of the frame, respectively - the foundation will not receive the desired fortress.
The most popular tools that are used for mating fittings:
- Hook for mating reinforcement. This tool is used quite often, since the hook for mating fittings has an affordable price policy and is convenient to use. It has 3 varieties: simple, screw and semi-automatic.
- Knitting ticks. Not too different from the hook for mating fittings. They are a little longer and have additional nipples in their design. With reversible ticks, you can use wire for mating directly from the bay.
- Pistol for mating fittings. Refers to the type of professional instrument, it is relevant only when it is necessary to knit fittings in large quantities for any kind of foundation. The gun for mating fittings weighs little and is very convenient to use, the mating process is fully automated and takes no more than one second. The main drawback is at a high price.
How to knit fittings for monolithic plates
The monolithic foundation is used more often than using standard concrete slabs. When installing this type of base, first make the reinforcement grid, which is then poured with concrete. The reinforcement grid gives the concrete of an additional fortress and allows you to withstand the stove higher loads.
Video on YouTube:
How to knit fittings independently or the correct sequence of mating of the monolithic plates:
- The lower level of reinforcement rods are placed in a cross. It is necessary to observe the main thing correctly - monitor the size of the cells, which should be 30 * 30 cm. Exceeding this size is impossible, otherwise the monolithic plate will be not solid enough.
- Places of connecting the rods of the slab basement must be tied with steel wire using the standard knitting scheme. The use of a special tool, such as a hook for mating fittings, will significantly simplify the task.
- The reinforcement of the lower level of the plate must have a stock in length so that it can be given a P-shaped form. Thus, the lower rods are moving to the top level of the slab basement.
- The rod of the top level of the plate or overlap is also stacked on each other and are binding to steel wire or plastic clamps in the places of contact.
- The design for the monolithic plate should be placed at a distance of 4 cm from the ground, for this use special stands that can be purchased in a construction store. Stands are made of plastic and withstand frames with a fairly large weight. Example of plastic stands for the bottom tier design
- To maintain the top level of the overlap reinforcement, special stands should be made from rods, which received the name of the tables. It is enough to take a small segment of the reinforcement and bend it in a zigzag. Now the upper tier can be conveniently installed on the resulting stands. When pouring concrete, the stand is left along with the main design.
This method of reinforcement is used not only when pouring the slab foundation in several layers, so you can make a monolith plate with your own hands, which is subsequently used, for example, as the overlap between the floors.
Calculation of reinforcement for monolithic slabs
Learning how to knit fittings for the foundation, it is necessary to carry out the calculation of the material. It should be known that for reinforcing any surface, an armature with a diameter of 8 mm or 10 mm is used. For plates of multi-storey buildings, rods with a large diameter - 12 mm or 14 mm are used.
For example, it is necessary to accurately calculate the number of reinforcement rods, which will go to the reinforcement of the plate, with a total area of \u200b\u200b64 m 2. For such a surface there will be rods, with a diameter of 10 mm. One mesh cell will have a part of 20 * 20 cm. In order to find out the exact number of reinforcement, one side of the plate (8 meters) is to divide the cell (20 cm) and multiply the result of two. Result: 80 rods. As a stock, one rod is always added during the calculations of one side, which means that an end result will be 82 rods (since two sides). But the reinforced grid has upper and lower levels, and 82 rods must be multiplied by two. It turns out 164 rods of a certain diameter.
For reinforcement of the grid, the rods of maximum length are 6 meters. Therefore, the total number of reinforcement should be multiplied by the length of one product. This means that for the manufacture of one slab, with a total area of \u200b\u200b64 m 2, it is necessary to purchase 984 meters of reinforcement in advance of the selected diameter.
When calculating the number of reinforcement for the mesh should not forget about the stands, short segments for bonding two levels, as well as rods of a certain diameter that may be needed during the entire process.
How to knit fittings for a belt foundation
The ribbon foundation is most practical and requires much smaller cost than with monolithic fill. But this type of foundation receives a significant load from the built-up building and requires the correct and reliable reinforcement of the grid, which can also save funds, because the strengthening of the average part of the tape base is not necessary.
Installation of a belt foundation:
- To fill this type of foundation, the formwork is used, pulled by metal studs. Therefore, the distance between the rods should be so that after their mating, the finished design could be inserted into the formwork.
- The side walls of the frame are associated so that the side of the cells amounted to no more than 20 cm.
- After the parties are ready, the short segments of rods should be laid between them, which also knit through steel wire or plastic clamps.
- The resulting design is installed inside the formwork, which also requires some skill and, desirable, two assistants.
Band assembly for ribbon foundation:
- For one connection, a segment of knitting wire is required at least 30 cm, which should be folded in half.
- Folded twice the segment of the wire fully enveloped the rods superimposed on each other and the hook inserted the hook to the mating.
- The second end of the wire should also clamp a knitting hook.
- You can start rotating the hook for mating until 2 rods are tightly fixed.
- Get a hinge hook.
After reading how to put the fittings for a tape foundation correctly, it should also be paid to the fact that if applied excessive efforts, the knitted wire can be freely breaking, so the instrument should be controlled. Also, you do not need to leave the wire in a weakened state when the rods will move freely. This will lead to insufficient structural strength.
Very often in the network you can find a popular way to alteration drill when the hook is installed for mating fittings, with which professional builders categorically do not agree. Using such a homemade tool, it will not work out to achieve the correct tension of knitting
wire. Also, the drill is not sufficiently convenient for the installation of a ribbon foundation, the consequences will be rapidly tired hands. And not always in the field of filling the foundation there is access to electrical energy.
Proper knitting of fiberglass fittings
Fiberglass reinforcement is called products whose structure consists of glass fibers. This type of reinforcement refers to the discharge of composite reinforcement and is highly popular today. In their form, fiberglass products are practically no different from the metal.
Among the advantages of fiberglass fittings, the following should be noted:
- Light. The process of transportation and installation is automatically simplified.
- Elastic. If necessary, composite reinforcement can be laid in the rings, which is very convenient when loading and transporting.
- Strong. In terms of its technical qualities, it is not inferior to products from metal.
- Durable. Composite reinforcement has a long operational period.
The knitting of fiberglass fittings is practically no different from standard metal products. Here you should also use a knitted hook or a special gun, and as consumables - knitted wire or plastic clamps.
Video on YouTube:
First, the horizontal sides of the structure are preparing, for which the vertical rods subsequently impose. When viscating fiberglass fittings, it is necessary to accurately monitor the size of the cells, for greater simplicity you can make a marker in advance. Places of mating valves of reinforcement should be in the inside of the frame. It is not enough to know how to knit fiberglass fittings correctly, you should also make accurate calculations.
It is necessary to draw enhanced attention to the corners of the structure, since fiberglass fittings are poorly susceptible to heating, so it is not recommended to bend it yourself. On the corners of the frame, more crushing wires or plastic clamps should be spent.
Concrete is well withstanding bending effects, but cannot independently cope and bend. To ensure the bearing ability, reinforce the foundation with their own hands. To a greater extent, it concerns tape and slab structures. In piles and pillars, the metal is laid more of the design considerations than the real need.
Rules of reinforcement
Reinforcement of the belt foundation and any other is carried out with the following rules:
- for working fittings, the class rods are not lower than A400;
- it is not recommended to use welding rods to connect rods, since it loosens the section;
- in mandatory, connect the metal frame from the reinforcement on the corners, the welding here is not allowed;
- even smooth fittings are not recommended for clamps;
- it is necessary to strictly observe the protective layer of concrete equal to 4 cm, it will protect the metal from corrosion (rust);
- in the manufacture of rod frames in the longitudinal direction are connected to an adhesive, which is taken equal to at least 20 diameters of rods and at least 25 cm;
- with frequent metal location, it is worth controlling the size of the aggregate in concrete: it should not be stuck between the rods.
in tape foundation
Competently prepared reinforcement frame - this is half of the success. It is he who will save the foundation in the case of uneven deformations that create bending loads. It is worth considering the question in more detail on the example of a belt foundation with their own hands.
What fittings are needed for construction
Reinforcement of the belt foundation involves the presence of three troupes of rods:
- workers who are stacked along the tape;
- transverse horizontal;
- transverse vertical.
Cross fittings for a ribbon foundation is also called clamps. Its main purpose is the connection of working rods into a single integer. Reinforcement of the belt foundation is carried out in strict accordance with the regulatory documents. What fittings are needed for the foundation? To give an accurate answer to perform complex calculations.
In order not to hire professionals, you can do the simplified option. The technology of reinforcement of a ribbon foundation for a small house allows you to assign a section constructively. This is caused by the fact that the tape perceives relatively small loads and works mainly on compression.
To make the reinforcing frame, use structural, that is, the minimally allowable, the size of the sections:
- For the working reinforcement - 0.1% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation section under the house. At the same time, if the side of the tape is 3 meters or less, the minimum allowable value is taken equal to 10 mm. If the building side has a length of more than 3 m, the diameter of the working reinforce can not be less than 12 mm. Use twigs with a cross section more than 40 mm is not allowed.
- Horizontal clamps cannot be in diameter less than one quarter of workers. Of the constructive considerations are prescribed size 6 mm.
- The diameter of the vertical reinforcement depends on the height of the tape for the foundation of the house. For low-profile, the dimensions of which are 80 cm and the rods from 6 mm are less suitable.
The rules of reinforcement of the bubble foundation of a bellped type provide for the use of rods from 8 mm and more.
Scheme of typical sections of reinforcement rods If a brick building is built, it is worth putting fittings with a slight margin. This option will give confidence in the reliability of the design.
Armature knitting
The scheme of the reinforcement of the ribbon foundation involves connecting the rods by the method of binding. The associated frame has greater durability compared to welded. This is caused by the fact that the likelihood of metal burning increases. But such a rule does not concern the elements of the factory manufacture. Outside the construction site there is an opportunity to connect the items without significant strength loss.
Places of mating fittings It is allowed to increase the speed of work to reinforce the foundation in rectilinear areas by welding. But it is possible to rein the corners only with the use of knitting wire. These design sections are the most responsible, so it is not necessary to hurry.
Before knit fittings for a ribbon foundation, you need to prepare materials and tools. There are two methods that perform metal binding:
- special hook;
- knitting machine (pistol).
The first option is available, but is suitable only for small volumes. Laying of reinforcement in the ribbon foundation in this case will take a long time. An annealed wire is used for the compound, the diameter of which is 0.8-1.4 mm. The use of other materials is not allowed.
Mattime mating scheme for tape foundation
To build your home, you need to take patience and attentiveness. Do not save time and money, as it can cause trouble during operation. With the connection of rods along the length of the problems should not occur. In this case, the process is quite simple, it is only important to observe the minimum amount of the adolescence.
But how to properly knit fittings for the ribbon foundation in the corners? There are two types of angular compounds: between two perpendicular structures and in the place of the adjoining one wall to another.
Both options have several work technologies. For angular walls use the following:
- Hard paw. To perform work at the end of each rod, they make a "paw" at right angles. In this case, the rod resembles a poker. The length of the paw should be at least 35 diameters, it is better to assign more. The curved part of the rod is attached to the appropriate perpendicular area. Thus, it turns out that the external rods of the frame of one wall are connected to the external other walls, and the internal weld to external.
- With the use of g-shaped clamps. The principle of action is similar to the previous option. But in this case, they do not produce a paw, and a M-shaped element is taken, the side of which has a length of at least 50 diameters of the working fittings. One side is tied to the framework of one wall, and the second - to the carcass perpendicular. In this case, the internal rods must be connected to external. The step of the clamp should be three quarters from the height of the basement wall.
- Using the clamps of the P-shaped form. At the angle you need two elements, the length of the parties of which will be 50 diameters of reinforcement. Each of their clamps is welded to two parallel perts and to one perpendicular rod.
How to properly reinforce the ribbon foundation on stupid corners. For this, the outer rod bend to the desired degree value and attach additional as an increase. Internal elements are tied to external.
Scheme of proper and improper reinforcement of stupid angles To put the reinforcement in places of the adjoining one wall to the other, use about the same methods as in the previous case:
- taste;
- M-shaped clamps;
- P-shaped clamps.
The magnitude of the overlap and compounds is taken equal to 50 diameters. When performing work it is worth remembering the most common errors:
- binding at right angles;
- lack of communication between external and internal elements;
- longitudinal rods are connected by viscous crossbow.
You should not repeat these errors in the construction of your own home.
Using a knitting hook
Before reinforcing the ribbon foundation, it is worth learn how to use the working tool. A special pistol is rarely used for private house-building, polka such equipment requires additional costs. Investigate to the tool is beneficial only for orders, and not when erecting one house.
For this reason, the most common tool for mating in private house-building has become a hook. It will be easier for them if you prepare special templates in advance. This item works as a workbench and significantly facilitates work. The case will go faster. To make a template, wooden bars are required, the width that is about 30-50 cm, and the length cannot be more than 3 m, since such workbench is inconvenient.
The most common way of mating - crochet In a wooden device, you need to drill grooves and holes that repeat the outline of rods in the frame. In such holes, the pieces of the knitting wire with a length of 20 cm long laying in advance, and after that, reinforcement rods.
In order to understand the technology of mating, examples can be considered. During construction, two options will be required: for crosshairs (when items are perpendicular to each other) and for the compounds of the Vane. In a ribbon foundation, the second technology is needed, when the slab construction is built, the most relevant will be the first.
To connect the laid frame to a single integer when connecting the brass, the crochet should be used in this order:
- the compounds are performed in several places along the length of the joint, the location of the wire is prescribed so that it is in the in-depth part of the reinforcement profile;
- welts are folded in half and laid under the connection site;
- with the help of the hook, we fit the loop;
- the free end is summarized to the tool and impose on it with a little inflection;
- begin to rotate the hook, twisting the wire;
- carefully take out the tool.
The procedure is repeated on one tolerance of the brass procedure 3-5 times. Connect the elements at a time, as it is done at cross-joining, not enough. The nipping of the valves for the ribbon foundation in this case will be unreliable, since fixation at one point does not prevent the element shift.
A competent frame connection will allow to guarantee the reliability, strength and durability of the reference part of the building.
- Serious construction operation, determining the durability of the construction, its resistance to the effects of external factors.
Naturally, the right choice of concrete for filling the foundation is important. However, the quality of fittings in the framework plays no less role. The correct knitting of reinforcement for a belt foundation ensures reliable fixation of steel rods among themselves and the constancy of the interval when pouring concrete.
To ensure the strength of the reinforcement frame, it is important to understand how to properly knit fittings for the foundation. The method is available for beginner builders who have mastered the manual technique of fixing steel rods. Let us dwell on this operation, consider how to knit fittings, and how it is properly knitting it.
Performing this operation will require the presence of certain skills and amplifies
Preparatory activities
Having decided to independently perform work on fixing steel rods, follow the preparatory work:
- Calculate the load that the future will perceive the base. Given the seriousness of the task, take advantage of the services of professionals.
- Guided by the results of calculations, select the necessary brand and the diameter of the rods, which should not be less than 12-14 millimeters. The use of rods, class A3 will allow in the manufacture of a frame to carry out their bend by 90⁰ without the appearance of cracks, and the class A2 rods - by an angle exceeding 90 ⁰, while maintaining their integrity.
- Calculate the need for knitting wire and steel rods. The basis for determining the total volume of material is the assembly of the novel of reinforcement for the belt foundation.
- Take care of the assistants, as the knitting process is quite time-consuming and tedious.
Methods of fixing rods
There are many ways to fix the steel rods of the mesh design. Providing immobility of steel rods frame for concreting is carried out:
- electrical welding that changes the structure of the metal and does not guarantee the immobility of the frame elements;
Bars with a ribbed surface facilitate the mating process
- purchased metal locks with a diameter of up to 4 mm, having a loop corresponding to the sizes of rods and clamp (hook). The use of connectors improves performance, but requires additional costs. Their use does not require the use of the tool;
- elastic clamps made of plastic, allowing you to quickly bind the rods. Disadvantage - increased fragility at a negative temperature, as well as the possibility of disruption of the integrity of the mounts when moving on the frame;
- knitting wire with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm made from annealed steel with low carbon content. Optimally use the material with a diameter of 0.8-1.4 mm, allowing no further effort to knit reinforcement for the frame. The material with a diameter of 1 mm is not durable enough, and at 2 mm, efforts increase significantly.
Methods mate
Banding of reinforcement for the foundation of the ribbon using a soft and convenient wire is the optimal solution. Let us dwell on this option.
Methods viscous
Methods for fastening steel framework elements are carried out:
- Fully manually, which requires an application of physical effort, but it provides reliable fastening at low costs.
- Using semi-automatic methods that facilitate and accelerating the fixation process requiring additional costs.
If the rods are tied manually and the fastening is applied using hinges, it is necessary to connect the elements separately
Manual mounting option is carried out using the following tool:
- bustacles or pliers whose working surface is rounded;
- self-made hook from a welding electrode or a rod with a diameter of 3-4 millimeters;
- manual reversing device, the rotation of which is carried out with a reciprocating movement of the handle;
- special ticks, the principle of operation of which is similar to a reversing tool;
- purchased knitting hook, the use of which is one of the easiest options.
Semi-automatic methods for fixing the rods of the frame are carried out using the following devices:
- Automatic knitting gun, providing high efficiency and quality of work.
- A screwdriver or electric drill equipped with a special nozzle that allows you to quickly tie the steel rods. You can use a conventional nail drunk at right angles.
Consider the peculiarities of the main types of manual and semi-automatic tools by which the fitting versus is carried out for the foundation.
Crochet hook
Manual tool can be:
- make yourself from a durable rod or electrode;
- purchase in specialized stores.
Practical and universal option is knitted hook
Advantages of manual fixture:
- Easy to perform operations.
- Cheap tool.
The minuses include:
- Low performance work efficiency.
- The need for an application of certain physical efforts.
Knight crochet
