How to connect two buildings. How to attach the foundation for the existing
The time spent inside the city fuss is not compared with the rest in the country house. Many people prefer fresh air urban. Therefore, in demand in private houses is maintained at a high level. But what to do if there is a country house, and its area is not sufficient.
In this case, you can attach an additional room. At the beginning of such a building process, it is necessary to combine the foundations. This action is associated with some features, which will be discussed.
Methods for connecting two homogeneous foundations
Foundations are combined with rigid connections or tie each other
There are two main ways. One connection method is performed using harsh ties, the other without directly binding one foundation to another.
Hardly refer to the connection method, in which additional reinforcing elements are fixed into the old base, and the framework of the new foundation is associated with them. Thus, two foundations, new and old, form a single whole.
In the second method, the so-called deformation seam is used. This method is used when connecting tape foundations. Between the old new ribbon foundations across the entire area of \u200b\u200bcontact, the scenar saw board or other material provided by the project is stacked. Thus, two foundations are located nearby and are independent of each other, and the deformation seam compensates for the impact of one base to another.
It is important to know that in the first year there is a shrinkage of a new building. Therefore, the designer should provide this process. In this matter, much depends on the soil and the choice of the base, but one way or another the shrinkage level must be installed. This is done so that the foundation, brick walls and roofing of the new building could not seek an unforeseen distance and form a crack between the old and the new building.
Brick foundation and its features
For foundation Buryat Full-time ceramic brick
The manufacture of the base of the brick is the most durable way of the foundation of the foundation under the building. This method is well used in the manufacture of bases for lightweight structures, such as gazebos, verandas, baths, summer kitchens and houses. When building a foundation from a brick, the use of expensive special equipment will not need. Its manufacturer is simply performed by one builder.
When choosing bricks, you should know that only a full-length ceramic material should be applied. Silicate brick is not suitable for the base device, its indicators when used in a wet soil are not good enough. Hollow ceramic brick does not have the necessary strength. Therefore, the choice must be made in favor of a full-scale ceramic product.
Before masonry brick, the base under the foundation is prepared. Soil tram, sand-gravel base is made or concrete preparation with a height of 100 mm is poured. Then the laying of brick foundation walls. It can be performed in several ways depending on the selected base thickness. Between the rows of brick, the reinforcing grid is laid to increase strength.
After the construction of the foundation walls, they are waterproofing outside. The backfall is produced. It is better to use fine-grained sands for fast moisture removal, which will be assembled next to the foundation. If significant loads are provided, it is necessary to make reinforced concrete armoomas on top of the brickwork for their uniform distribution.
A feature of this foundation is that it is easy enough to repair. To do this, it is necessary to replace the cracked brick to the new one. You can also do, connecting two bases. Alternately sacrificing the old masonry in the places of docking and shifting it again, they associate with a new one.
It is necessary to understand that the foundations are calculated on a certain weight of the building and simply so they cannot be loaded. For such actions, the procedure is carried out by examining the current state of the structure. Therefore, it is better when the foundations are independent.
Features of the compound of foundations
In order to understand how to connect the foundation, you need to find out the parameters of the existing base. First of all, it is necessary to know the type of existing foundation: ribbon or column. Next dimensions are measured. It is advisable to add the foundation similar by type and dimensions with existing. For example, see the types of foundations in this video:
This understanding is necessary in order to tie next to the existing basis similar by parameters, since the same foundations will identically lead themselves in the same soil.
Especially carefully need to build in spring time. During this period, the soil is unstable due to increased moisture content, and therefore, as the land is drying, it can give an additional shrinkage. About how to connect foundations, see this video:
Sometimes it is advisable to postpone the construction of walls for one season, if such an opportunity is available. Or arrange the base in the fall before frosts, and in the summer to produce construction. The main thing is not to load the foundation of brick walls, reinforced concrete floors and roofs in unstable soil.
It is important to monitor not only the state of the soil, but also for the total weight of the future design. It is necessary to calculate the weight of bricks, wood, metal, concrete and other materials spent for the construction of walls, overlap and roofing of the existing construction. Since the first foundation was calculated for this weight, then the load should be comparable at the side of the foundation under construction.
Types of attack
The level of the terrace must coincide with the floor level
Each structure has its own purpose, the method of the base of the base and construction as a whole will largely depend on it. The main options are:
Depending on the extension, it is possible to determine whether the buildings will have to tie or establish a deformation seam. It is possible that at all will not have to bind anything, since the foundation will not be required or will be columnar and finely breed.
If it is decided to expand the country house, then it is necessary to perform an extension process as much as possible so that it is one whole with the house.
After an increase in space, you can not only relax your family, but also invite guests in order to jointly enjoy the fresh air away from the city bustle.
The foundation for an extension is necessary to be attached with an existing foundation of the house. The main option is only two - or connect the old and new foundation for an extension is rigidly using steel reinforcement, or apply a simpler and less costly compound of the foundation for an extension and the main foundation - setting the deformation seams between them.
Hard way to dock the foundation for an extension
The first rigid docking method gives a foundation that will work as one whole, and therefore it is possible to apply it only in cases where the existing foundation passed the stage of precipitation, and the new base will not cause additional precipitate more permissible value. The second condition is a rigid docking of an old and new foundation will be reliable only in cases where the ground at home is not poured.
Rigor connection device technology for an extension
Before designing a new foundation, you need to decide on the old one - to determine its type, size and depth of the occurrence. If these parameters are not known, they have to be installed by cautious excavations. The depth of the foundation is determined by Schurfovka.
One of the basic conditions is the depth of the new foundation should be greater than the depth of the existing one. It is clear that different types of foundations perceive the movement of the soils in a single way in different ways, therefore the foundation for the extension should be the same type as the main, regardless of the material and the type of extension structures. An extension is usually made from lighter materials than those from which the main construction of foam blocks, gas blocks, wood or arbolite consist. But regardless of the type of material of the extension, the new foundation should have a depth of embarking more than the existing one.
The rigid docking of the old and new foundations is made by anchors from steel reinforcement. The existing foundation is drilled, the diameter of the holes must be slightly larger than the diameter of the docking reinforcement anchors. The docking depth should be at least 35 diameters of the reinforcement in the body of the old foundation, plus the double length of the rod for entering the new foundation, this length is considered a working. If the width of the existing foundation is not enough to perform this rule on the working length of the docking, then the docking rods are installed in the body of an old foundation by the type of anchors with splinting inserts, which ensures reliable fittings inside the concrete.
The number of reinforcement anchors should be at least five per m2 of the vertical area of \u200b\u200bthe joint of the old and new foundations. The reinforcement rods are cut along the installed size and set into the knocked holes. At the ends of the rods weld the washers. When concreting a new foundation, all additional fittings should be in the body of a new foundation, with the observance of the protective layer.
Compound of the foundation for an extension with the main deformation seam
This method is much easier and less costly. The new foundation is arranged next to existing, but it does not fit with it and works independently as a separate element. A rendered foundation is usually less powerful than the existing, but nevertheless requires calculation. The technological gap between the foundations is arranged by paving the board in places of pairing, wrapped with waterproofing material - rubberoid or polyethylene with a thickness of at least 250 μm. Minimum clearance - 50 mm.
In cases where the base grounds are prone to strong beagression, the level of the gender of the extension is performed below the floor level of the main building, based on the value of the radiation. With an extension height to the second floor, the minimum distance between the main wall and the annex should be at least 20 mm. The resulting seam is filled with insulating material, most often by minvata or polystyrene foam. The second option is somewhat worse for the considerations of fire safety, if the materials of the main construction and an extension are a tree.
The external sections of the joint of the main building and the extension are filled with mounting foam and layer of weather-resistant elastic sealant, and then closed with a decorative lining, fixing it only to one wall, most often to capital. Thus, the extension and its foundation do not depend on the main building and its movement as a result of the operation of frosty powder, and do not affect it.
Types of foundations for an extension
For the device of a target foundation, rigidly fixed to the main one, there is no choice, both foundations must be of the same type.
The second method of the foundation for an extension is simpler, and does not limit in the choice of the type of base, the main criterion is the manufacturability of the device, safety for the existing foundation and of course, efficiency. Most often apply the bases of the type of ribbon, the columnar and combinations, as well as screw piles. The last option is somewhat more complicated technologically, but it does not require earthworks and work performed do not provide dynamic impacts on an existing foundation.
Before the work on the construction of the foundation under the extension, preparatory activities are needed - layout and marking of the contours of the planned foundation. The marking of the inner and external perimeters of the rectangular new foundation makes the diagonal method using the rope and pegs. A more complex configuration of a new foundation requires breakdown by sectors, the markup is performed by separate rectangles, calculating them independently of each other. After the markup is made, proceed to earthworks.
The main question, as well as the complexity of the device of an additional attachment lies in choosing a design to attach and properly conjugate it with existing ones. From the point of view of finance, the device of rigidly docked foundations is much more costly than the device of a separate number of standing foundation with a deformation seam. The greater the age of the main building, the greater the complexity and responsibility of both the choice of the foundation and work. And if the second type of docking is quite possible for independent work, the hard joint device with the old foundation requires consultation with specialists and accurate knowledge of the ability of the base of the base for bare and movements.
The need for the combination of an old and new foundation occurs when erecting attacks or other structures in order to increase the size of the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe structure.
In the immediate vicinity of the building being operated, a concrete slab, a tape or installed supports (pillars, screw piles) are poured.
Some of these types of foundations need to be "tied" with the foundation of the structure. This task can be performed in several ways.
Before starting work to increase the area of \u200b\u200byour house with the help of attachments, you need to get the relevant permits. All distances from nearby buildings and neighboring sites should be taken into account.
An extension can be erected as an independent structure or integrated in already existing. It is important to consider that the building already exploited should be older than 1 year. During this period of time, it will give the necessary shrinkage and does not pass the new foundation built nearby.
Old and re-erected base should be the same by type. If the residential building is installed on a tape foundation, an extension must be done on the same. This will significantly reduce the risks of the deformation of the combined, docked base.
Tools and Materials for Work
For the construction of the foundation, it will be necessary to accomplish the significant amount of earthworks, as well as for reinforcing and concreting.
You will need tools:
- Shovels bayonet and soviet;
- Stretcher or garden car for the movement of soil;
- Knitting hook;
- Roulette, marker, pegs, rope for performing work on the markup of the site;
- A bubble or water level, but the optimal choice will be a level.
From materials will be required:
- Armature rods with a cross section of 8-10 mm;
- Knitting wire;
- Cement brand is not lower than M400;
- Sand and crushed stone of the middle fraction for the preparation and formation of a depreciation "pillow";
- Metal studs (can be used by an armature with a cross section from 12 mm) to bind a new foundation with the old.
Stages of compound
To correctly combine two foundations, you need to think in advance all the nuances of each stage of work. It is necessary to select the method of "dressing" grounds. Several options are possible.
Method number 1: "Tape-tape". Used to build a foundation similar in width and depth. Performed in several stages.
Make the markup of the site for the construction of an extension.
They dig through the perimeter of such a width so that the formwork is placed in it for filling the tape of the required parameters. Align the bottom and walls of the dug trench with a shovel.
Make sand-chumps, consisting of 5-7 cm of the raven sand and 10-15 cm rubble, which is also compacted.
The rambling is made by vibrating and infirred materials. For example, half filled with stones barrel, a segment of a bar.
Collected in the trench formwork from any suitable timber.
A reinforcing belt is made consisting of two mesh tiers with cells of 15 × 15 or 20 × 20 cm interconnected by vertical metal rods.
Inter-foundations are leaving a gap of 1.5-2.5 cm wide, which is filled with mineral wool. The formwork is limited in places compound the base with a wooden or metal shield.
With the help of a concrete mixer, cement-sandy solution is prepared in proportion 1: 3 (1 part of cement and 3 parts of sand, water and filler in the form of rubble or gravel).
The concrete in the formwork is flooded. It is picked up by a repeated arm of the reinforcement so that all the air leaves the solution.
After grappling concrete, the formwork disassemble.
Close the damper sutures of the foundations with rubber harness or waterproof by another way.
This method of bandaging grounds allows you to be sure that the new will give a shrinkage and passive the old one. After the shrinkage of the belt foundation, it is increased in height so that it is in the same plane with the base of the residential building.
Method number 2: "Plate-ribbon". It is performed similarly to the previous one with the only difference that the damper seam makes longer: throughout the stove.
This method of docking is optimal only for sustainable soils, when there is confidence in the absence of a significant drawdown of an extension after its construction.
Hard connection
To rigorously bind two foundations, it will be necessary to connect them using the reinforcement rods. It will take at least 20 rods per 1 m2.
To install metal rods in the old foundation, the reinforcement is laid in them and concreting.
From the side of the new base, the rods also lay and pour the place of the joints with concrete.
Erecting a columnar foundation
The optimal choice for the construction of an extension will be its installation on the poles. The soles of the supports should be located 15-20 cm below the TPG (ground freezing point), which will prevent their displacement during the soil movement during periods of its freezing.
If built, the house with an extension is connected at the level of the lower floors.
Possible difficulties
If on the construction site is a high branch (groundwater level), you must first make a wall or ring drainage.
For more tips, watch in the video:
On moving soils (sand or saczo) building a new foundation, the angles of the old are strengthened with piles, swallowed into the soil at least than 100 cm.
One of the advantages of private home ownership is the ability to increase the useful area if necessary, attached to the main design. Thus, residential or utility rooms are obtained, to which the functional is not enough. In order for the extension to improve the living conditions of the owners, and did not organize them problems, it must be erected according to existing technologies, and not according to the principle of "somehow, just to cheaper." Therefore, we'll figure it out how to properly put on the house, relying on the generally accepted methods and experience of users forumhouse.
- Foundation under the extension
- Wall materials
- Methods of ligament walls
- How to make a roof
- Functional attack
- Registration of attack
Foundation under the extension
There are two types of the foundation device for an extension - a rigid coupling and a deformation seam.
Hard hitch
Such a compound is designed for non-empty soil and justified when erecting a heavy design in two or more floors, but only if the main building has already been sat down and the village. The new foundation should be the same type as the main (ribbon, stove) and coincide in depth, taking into account possible shrinkage. The bunch of ribbons is made by means of reinforcement, for which the foundation of the house is diverted to the entire depth, on the workstation too large degradation is fraught with deformation.
The reinforcement holes are drilled in a chess order in the foundation canvas, at the rate of which their length is 35 times larger than the diameter of the rod, and the length of the reinforcement itself is twice as much as the depth of the holes. The reinforcement is clogged into the holes, in the future the protruding part will sing concrete, it turns out a general monolith. The bunch of plates is possible with a thickness of more than 40 cm and the presence of a base plate of 30 cm, for the hitch, the reinforcement is chopped up and welded with the reinforcement frame of the new plate.
To fulfill a rigid coupling, it is necessary to take into account that the filled, associated with the main one, should be understood, ideally for the year. If there is no way to withstand such a term, it is better to use in another way.
Expansion joint
The most common type of bundle is when the old foundation is completely independent. Optimal on bunched soils for lightweight structures, the seam thickness ranges from 2 to 5 cm. To aesthetically connect the foundations, and
The seams in the place of the docking remained the same along the entire length, use boards, pre-wrapped with polyethylene or rubberoid. Since the load on the base will be less, the drawdown will also be less, and the seam will allow an extension to "play" planned, without affecting the integrity of the house.
In the construction of the joint between the walls, the insulation is filled with insulation, and the seam itself is sealed through elastic funds or closed with special nicknames. One of the users found an interesting decision-lining of stainless steel, between which - a layer of corrugated rubber.
zHP. User forumhouse.
In principle, you can buy such a "closer" for a deformation seam, immediately insulate the interconnect distance, close it from the closure street, and if there is a shrinkage, compression or stretching, "closer" will compensate for this moment. And to return the rubber in the old form, it will be possible to unscrew the screws with the left side and get it back, on new places in bricks.
Since the foundations are not binding to each other, you can select any type on the extension, based on the characteristics of the soil and the estimated load. It can be slab (monolith or UCP), ribbon (MZF or to the depth of freezing) or column (pile).
Portal users prefer docking foundations precisely through deformation seam, as the most justified and safe way.
mFCN Member Forumhouse
Whatever a good (non-empty) soil, if it is not a rock, then you should wait for the foundation's shrinkage to attach towards the main house. Accordingly, it is necessary to take measures to ensure these shrinkage, non-destructive design and providing acceptable functional properties of the structure. Hence: Actually - in fact, a new home is next to an old or lightweight design, which is allowed, and the horizontal disorders of the floor and the doors are permissible.
Materials
The modern building materials market offers a large selection, for every taste and wallet. Maximum in demand today extensions from foam concrete, aerated concrete, slagoblock and similar large-format masonry species and frame structures. Frames are leading due to the rate of construction, relative availability and simplicity, in energy efficiency, they are not inferior to stone buildings through the use of insulation.
However, if possible, it is recommended to choose a material similar to the main: wooden extension to a wooden house, etc. This is especially true for houses that are not supposed to stake the same with an extension facade. If it is planned to use siding or such a facing, the choice is not limited.
Variants of ligament walls
An extension to the house can have four walls or three, then the role of the fourth is played by the outer wall of the house. Four walls are relevant in the extensions from the masonry materials, the vehicle bunch is not required, and compliance with the level of the masonry gives a smooth seam. The presence of a layer of heaters between the walls allows the use of a smaller thickness for the adjacent wall. During frame construction, sliding ligaments are used: two vertical vertical vertices are stuffed, between which the vertical set of extension is hardened.
BRUSEV'S COMMUNICATION IN A TRANS
When the extension is collected from a profiled or glued timber or logs, the walls with a house are connected to either metal brackets or special galvanized corners with a shelf from 63 mm.
Corners plant on a self-tapping screw, leaving a small backlash on shrinkage. Seam in both cases is closed by asset or casing. Also, the docking of the bars in the target is carried out by means of a spike-groove system, the grooves are chosen in the bearing wall, the spike is cut on the embedded segments.
Methods of roofing device
An extension is set under a common roof when a rigid connection is performed if the deformation seam is selected, the structure is easier to cover separately, sewing the place of the adjoint. Depending on the roofing material, the seam is closed by an apron of stainless steel, from a width of 30 cm, or a special decorative element.
Hard connection to the house from the bar.
mFCN.
Shrinkage attached towards the main house imposes certain restrictions on the arrangement of the roof. Therefore, in practice, to make an extension from the roof type, the continuation of the existing one should be thoughtfully and reasonable.
Functional
As in the construction of the house, before the construction of an extension it is necessary to decide in advance with the functionality, since various purposes requires the relevant building manipulations. If residential rooms are supposed to make, enhanced insulation. Communications are immediately laid for the boiler room, bathroom or kitchen. It's easier to change your mind and close a pair of plastic pipes into the wall than to decide that another bathroom is more necessary and drop freshly built.
Legalization of an extension
Before building a capital extension it is necessary to obtain permission. In the city of this city, the department of architecture and urban planning, in rural settlements - administration. It is possible to build and without papers, but then when trying to sell, to make or give a house with an extension, you still have to execute documents, but it is already more difficult through the court. In the case of confrontation with the neighbors, they can sustain on self-progress and insist on demolition.
For anyone who plans an extension, it is useful to explore the topic on the forum. Interesting and experience of the user of our portal in the subject. The article will help determine the type of foundation under the future design. And our video will teach you how to work with aerated concrete.