The technology of building a light foundation for a barn. What is the best foundation for a barn
One of the first buildings on a suburban area is a barn. A necessary and functional structure even before building a house, since you always need to store somewhere a tool, firewood and other auxiliary utensils.
It is possible to independently approach the construction of a utility block. The main requirement for the reliability of future buildings is a high-quality foundation base.
Features of building a foundation for a barn
For light change houses for inventory, no basis is allowed. If the building is more massive, then the basement must be completed.
The foundation gives the structure:
- Strength.
- Durability.
- Thermal conductivity.
- Frost resistance.
First of all, you need to correctly determine the location of the future barn. Arrange so as not to damage the landscape design of the site, for comfortable operation or on soil unsuitable for planting.
Then you can start choosing the type of base.
Reinforcement mesh for foundation
Dependence of the type of foundation on the type of building
The choice of the type of base depends on design features the future barn, as well as from the purpose of the utility block. Whether it will be a livestock room or a tool room with a workshop. All these functions performed will entail the choice of the type of foundation. So lightweight buildings do not require strong foundations, in turn, capital structures will require a reliable rigid foundation.
If the choice fell on a classic utility block made of timber with a gable or a pitched roof, any foundation will do. Most often, columnar or screw is chosen due to the low cost and relative ease of installation.
A solid structure of bricks or foam blocks will require the installation of a more, preferably a monolithic tiled or block base.
Barn foundation depth
The depth of the basement is selected for the type of foundation, as well as taking into account the local level of soil freezing. Important: trenches are dug 15 cm more than the depth of soil freezing.
Since the barn is most often a small-sized building, a shallow-buried foundation is quite suitable. Equally well suited for buildings made of wood or timber on clay or sandy soils. In this case, the hole is dug to a depth of about 60 cm.
For a more massive structure, for example, made of brick, as well as under unfavorable soil conditions, it is worth placing the foundation to a depth of 100 cm.
How to choose a foundation for a lightweight building?
When stopping your choice, on any type of base, it is worth considering the main characteristics of the soil at the construction site.
The following soil properties are taken into account:
- the presence of groundwater;
- compressibility of the soil;
- the presence of quicksands;
- type of soil.
According to the type of soil prevailing in the personal plot, the following types of socle are selected:
- On sandy soil, which can "float" under conditions of high humidity, it is more expedient to build a screw or columnar foundation... The characteristic of freezing of such soil is usually 40 - 70 cm, this should be taken into account when deepening the base.
- The worst option for construction is sandy loam and loam. Such soil has a high degree of freezing (up to 2 meters), the ability to swell and compress, and often forms quicksand. For such a soil, it is worth choosing a screw base.
- Gravel soil is much less susceptible to freezing, is not subject to deformation and destruction, is not subject to erosion. Here it is allowed to use both tape and columnar, and block views.
- The most favorable option for a construction site is rocky soil. It will not sink, freeze, and float. The only drawback of this soil is the complexity of processing, so any foundation can be installed, except for the screw.
Required materials and tools
To save working time, as well as high-quality construction of the base, a set of materials and tools from the following list should be prepared in advance:
- water;
- cement with sand or specialized building mixture;
- concrete mixer - in extreme cases, you can do with improvised means, but it will significantly save labor and time for mixing the solution;
- bricks;
- metal fittings;
- asbestos pipes;
- waterproofing - plastic film or roofing felt;
- metal piles;
- bulgarian;
- boards or plywood for formwork;
- foam blocks;
- master OK;
- cord or twine;
- building level;
- pegs;
- rule;
- buckets and shovels (shovel and bayonet);
- roulette;
- ramming.
The list may vary depending on the type of base and the preparatory process.
Construction technology
Construction technology - a set of measures aimed at creating a structure that meets the requirements of the selected type of structure. Construction in general is a series of sequential operations.
First of all, this is the preparation of the site. The selected place is cleaned of grass, small shrubs, stumps, and a layer of soil by 10 cm, carefully leveled. It is important to place the foundation on a level surface to avoid further distortion of the structure.
Slab foundation
Detailed step-by-step instructions from marking to finished foundation
The first stage of construction is the same for all types of supporting structures - marking and routing. To do this, using a tape measure and wooden pegs, the corners of the future utility block are outlined. The stakes are driven into the ground, a rope or cord is pulled between them and leveled to adjust the horizontal. Right angles must be checked.
Column foundation
Future pillars are marked in each corner of the shed when building the simplest structure. If the project is more complex, then it is necessary to install pillars every 1 - 1.5 meters of the perimeter of the structure. With the help of a garden drill, wells about 40x40 cm wide are dug in the designated places.After that, a pillow of sand and gravel 20 cm thick is poured onto the bottom of each hole.
- Brick - the pillars are laid out with a standard masonry of one and a half bricks to the desired height.
- Concrete blocks - it can be one large block or small blocks, fastened with cement mortar.
- Asbestos pipes - the required size is installed in the pits, later poured with concrete.
- - in this case, concrete is also poured into the prepared cavity. After drying, the formwork is removed.
For strength, reinforcement rods are fixed inside the pillars, if possible. Upon completion of the work, a layer of waterproofing is laid out on top to prevent moisture destruction.
Screw foundation
This design does not require additional soil preparation, because mounts even on the most difficult soil types. It uses special metal piles with a sharp tip and cutting blades. The installation sites are outlined similarly to the columnar view.
Piles are driven vertically into the ground by two to three people . To facilitate work, a hole for scrap is provided at the top of each pipe. The entire structure must be vertically aligned. The parts that are extra in height are cut off with a grinder. To give greater strength, it is recommended to fill the pile cavity with concrete.
Monolithic foundation
The most expensive and time consuming, but the most durable and durable type of base. To build it, it is necessary to dig a pit according to the size of the intended barn. A layer of sand and a layer of crushed stone, 10 - 20 cm each, are laid on the bottom. Everything is carefully compacted. Next, you need to build a formwork with a height of 10 - 15 cm above ground level. Binding reinforcement or mesh is laid, and the solid space is filled with concrete.
Strip foundation
This type is intended for the basis of wall structures. A trench up to 50 cm wide is being dug along the markings along the perimeter. It is important to observe right angles. The bottom is covered with sand and rammed. Next, a formwork is constructed, rising above the ground by 20 cm.With the help of reinforcement and wire, reinforcement cage... Then the entire tape is poured with concrete.
Block foundation
Installation of blocks in such a structure occurs on a monolithic base. If a it comes about the budget version of the basement, it is allowed to use concrete blocks on a specially prepared pillow. In this case, a hole is dug to the size of the utility block, a layer of sand is filled up, spilled with water and compacted.
Then a layer of crushed stone, and also carefully compacted. On the constructed site around the perimeter, concrete blocks of the required size are installed, horizontally aligned with a level.
Building strip foundation
Before pouring the supporting structure, it is necessary to prepare a solid, tenacious mortar from a mixture of cement, water, sand and gravel. The following rules will help you to do this correctly:
- When buying dry cement or building mixture, be sure to pay attention to the production date. Ordinary Portland cement will work here.
- To save cement, it is worth choosing gravel of different diameters with large and small stones. In this case, fine gravel will serve as a link for coarse gravel and less cement will be needed.
- Crushed stone should not contain garbage and various impurities.
- Water should also be used clean, preferably drinking.
- The sand should be free from clay and silt.
- The classic recipe for mortar: 3 parts of sand, 5 parts of crushed stone, 1 part of cement - pour everything over with water, mix until a thick homogeneous mass is obtained.
Barn without foundation
Some lightweight buildings will not require a plinth at all. These include chest-type sheds or a combined greenhouse. They mainly store inventory, tools, garden accessories, plant germination, rooting of cuttings and other household needs.
Due to their small area and limited size, such structures have low ground pressure, and, accordingly, they can do without a foundation.
Another modern innovation is the pre-fabricated plastic shed. Every summer resident can build such a structure. The assembly is carried out as a children's designer, without the use of special skills and complex fasteners.
This building is a metal frame, the walls, roof and floor of which are made of durable frost-resistant plastic. Thanks to the built-in floor, the structure of the shed is protected from the ingress of groundwater. It will always be comfortable to work in, especially with well-designed ventilation. Even harsh winters and a heavy mass of snow, this structure will perfectly withstand.
The undoubted advantages of this type of utility block are:
- assembly time - in the absence of experience, everything will take about three hours;
- such a structure can be moved from place to place;
- does not require maintenance - with careful operation it will last up to thirty years;
- easy to clean with running water from a hose.
A solid foundation for a barn is half the way to a functional structure that can last for decades. Doing it yourself will not be difficult. It is only important to conduct a study of the soil to correctly determine the type of foundation, as well as to determine in advance the project, design and purpose of the future building.
Necessary and irreplaceable in the garden, in the country. A wide selection of tools and materials in the trade network allows you to build an outbuilding yourself without the help of a professional builder. And you need to start with a solid foundation. There are quite interesting options for how to make a foundation for a barn with your own hands.
Types and properties of soils
When constructing a foundation for a shed, it is necessary to take into account the type and properties of the soil on which it will stand. Correct soil analysis will allow you to choose the best option for the foundation itself.
Types of soils for placement:
- rocky;
- sandy;
- clayey;
- gravel;
- loam;
- sandy loam.
Despite the fact that the barn is considered a light construction, the most preferable for its construction is rocky soil in the form of a solid mass without cracks and voids. Such properties of rocky soil as the absence of subsidence, freezing in the winter, quicksands ensure the rigid stability of the foundation and the entire structure as a whole.
However, modern technologies for laying foundations allow no less successful construction on sandy, clay, gravel soils, as well as on loam and sandy loam. The problem of these places is that frost heaving, quicksands, significant compression and subsidence of the soil can appear here.
Attention! In regions with frosty winters, clayey soil saturated with underground waters freezes and significantly increases in volume (swells). This will rupture the foundation!
The heaving is manifested both under the base of the foundation and from the sides. There are several options for protecting the foundation for a barn on heaving soils:
- notch heaving soil at the site of the future structure and its replacement with coarse sand, crushed stone;
- laying the foundation for the shed to a depth below the freezing point;
- insulation and waterproofing of the base of the foundation and sides;
- solidity of the foundation.
Quicksands, soils with organic impurities and bulk are considered unsuitable for all types of construction.
Mortar for pouring the foundation under the barn
A solid foundation for the barn ensures the durability and reliable operation of the outbuilding. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully and scrupulously select the components of the solution for pouring the foundation:
- you can buy ordinary Portland cement, but always with a fresh date of manufacture;
- it is better to purchase crushed stone in a mixture with a finer fraction - the solution fits more tightly, when solidified it will become more monolithic, the consumption of cement will be reduced;
- sand and crushed stone must be free of debris and impurities;
- it is better to use fresh clean water.
Important! For the solution, cement is mixed with sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 3: 5, water is poured in portions until a thick, well-mixed mass is formed.
Types of foundations for a barn
Modern technologies allow you to choose the type of foundation depending on the type of soil, resistance to various influences (groundwater, acidic soils, soil freezing), financial capacity... This section lists the five most commonly used do-it-yourself barn foundation construction options available to owners land plots average income as listed necessary materials, and at their cost.
Strip foundation under the barn
This type of foundation is the most versatile in relation to the type of soil, it is characterized by strength and the possibility of building a basement. The first stage is digging a trench. They start by marking the site and installing pegs around the perimeter of the future shed, pulling twine between them.
Barn strip foundation
Calculation of the parameters of the trench: the depth of the ditch is made up of the depth of freezing of the soil layer in a given area and an additional 15 cm (for example, 70 cm + 15 cm \u003d 85 cm), the width is taken to be about 70 cm, while the width of the finished foundation is recommended 40 cm. Bottom the trenches are filled with a layer of rubble about 10 cm and a layer of sand about 5 cm. This pillow must be tamped. If groundwater protrudes when laying a trench, additional work must be carried out to drain and waterproof the future foundation. The next stage is the construction of wooden formwork, protruding 20-30 cm above the ground level. The most common wooden formwork from a 15x4 cm board is reinforced with a reinforcing mesh with a cell diameter of 30 cm and a reinforcement section of 1.2 cm. The mesh is installed in the formwork in the form of a frame. The process is completed by pouring concrete solution.
Important! To give the foundation for the barn the necessary solidity and strength, you need to fill it in one day without interruption and tamp it well.
It is also important to remember that concrete hardens within a few days and during the hot part of the day it must be periodically watered to prevent cracking.
After the final solidification, the formwork is removed, the gaps between the foundation and the walls of the trench are filled with soil, if necessary, waterproofing and insulating materials are laid.
Column foundation for a barn
This is a more economical option, and its implementation is available to an ordinary homeowner with practically no outside help and the involvement of technology. There is no need to dig a trench, as the foundation rests only on a few pillars dug into the ground. The option of a columnar foundation must be carefully selected for use on moving soils, but it will perfectly combine with the not very flat surface of the area selected for the shed. The place for the building needs to be cleared, leveled if possible.
Column foundation for a barnClay soil is best covered with gravel. The calculation of the depth of digging in the support pillars is also made taking into account the depth of freezing of the soil in this area plus an additional 15 cm. Concrete or brick supports are placed at the corners of the future foundation for the shed and at the joints of the walls. As in the first version, a two-layer cushion of crushed stone and sand is laid at the bottom of each hole with compulsory compaction, a metal rod is placed in the center to strengthen the structure.
If the soil is mobile, loose, you can lay a reinforced concrete base on the bottom to prevent the shed from sinking. The rest of the space in the pits will be occupied by the laying of the pillars. You can use bricks, concrete blocks, asbestos pipes, filled with concrete inside. Brickwork it is necessary to coat with waterproofing mastic, for example, bituminous. The junction of the foundation and walls of the shed is also laid with waterproofing materials, especially if a shed is planned from boards.
By the way, for a wooden light outbuilding, the support posts can also be made of wood. To protect them from moisture, they need to be burned or soaked in special agents. Such a barn will be inexpensive and environmentally friendly. It is convenient to keep poultry or store light garden tools in it.
Foundations for a shed made of foam blocks
Foam blocks are durable, lightweight and relatively inexpensive material. It is easy to assemble and does not require special knowledge when building on its own. It is used not only for the foundation, but also for the walls, providing less load on the ground from the erected structure. The construction of the foundation for the barn begins with laying a trench or foundation pit, if necessary, equipping a basement.
The depth calculation is the same, and the width will be the thickness of the foam block and an additional 15-20 cm. The bottom of the trench (foundation pit) is covered with a two-layer cushion of rubble and sand, on which a formwork with a reinforcement frame is placed. From above, concrete is poured with a layer of 20 cm. After it has solidified, the foam blocks are installed.
Block foundation
The foundation for a barn made of blocks is distinguished by a long service life, resistance to freezing and the effects of acidic soils, affordability and range, ease of installation and a reduction in the time for making a foundation for a barn with your own hands.
The technique of laying blocks in a trench differs from the installation of foam blocks in that the blocks are placed directly on the concrete solution. It is better to insure yourself by installing a frame made of reinforcement. It is also very important to control the level of block stacking from the first moment. Installation begins from the corner points of the future structure. The external seams are filled with a solution with the addition of moisture protection agents. The outer surfaces of the foundation are wrapped in waterproofing materials, after which the trench can be buried. The foundation for the block shed is ready!
Monolithic foundation
Monolithic foundation for a barnA monolithic foundation will require several large financial investments, but this fact is offset by a number of advantages. Since it rests on the ground with its entire surface and can withstand significant loads, you can get by with a shallow pit. The foundation will serve in the barn at the same time as a floor, on which it is convenient to put any covering. The monolithic foundation, due to its strength and stability, will last so long that it will be possible to build the next shed on it. Such a foundation is impregnable for an attack from the side of frosty heaving or moving soils.
Attention! Monolithic foundation requires high grade cement and high quality consumables.
It is better to remove the soil under the foundation and fill it with sand or gravel with a layer of 20 cm. The pillow is moistened and carefully rammed. The next stage is the laying of waterproofing, and, if necessary, insulation. Then 10 cm of solution with coarse gravel. On it, reinforcement with a section of 16 mm is laid out in the form of a grid with cells of 20 cm and another 10 cm of concrete on top.
The barn is the most common outbuilding. And this is not surprising, they store working tools, firewood for the furnace, and various equipment. It is convenient to arrange a workplace in the shed by attaching a workbench or machine. Given this, it can be assumed that the shed must be built, no less of a quality than the house. A properly made foundation is the key to a long service life of the building to its owners. Consider how to lay the foundation for a shed with your own hands.
Soil types
Let's figure out which soil is the most suitable for laying a foundation. There are the following types of soil:
- Rocky,
- Sandy,
- Gravel,
- Sandy loam and loam.
The most desirable option is the first. Rocky soil does not freeze and does not form quicksands, does not sag or shrink. Of the shortcomings, one can single out only that it is difficult to process - it is difficult to dig it. However, this compensates for the fact that it is possible not to lay too deep a foundation on such soil.
The worst of the options is a soil consisting of sandy loam and loam. It freezes too deep, because of which the foundation will have to be dug very deep. In addition, this type of soil, like sandy, forms quicksand. Clay soil also not very suitable for construction, as it is highly susceptible to compression and swelling.
Some people wonder how deep to dig a hole under the foundation. Since the shed belongs to light buildings, a shallow-buried foundation is often perfect for it. It is ideal for buildings made of logs or timber, and is usually laid on clay or sand. The depth of the foundation for the shed depends mainly on the type of soil and the depth of its freezing in winter, but on average it is 60 cm.
Soil properties
It is clear that a barn is a much lighter construction than a house, however, its construction has its own characteristics. When laying the foundation for the shed, the properties of the soil must be taken into account. Depending on them, it is necessary to select the type of foundation. So, before you start digging a trench, analyze the following factors:
- Compressibility of soil,
- Groundwater rise level,
- The presence of quicksands, the depth of freezing in winter,
- Type of soil,
- Features of the area.
Foundation grout
Before making the foundation for the shed, it is necessary to prepare a mortar consisting of cement, sand, gravel and water. A good tenacious solution is prepared according to the following rules:
- When buying cement, you need to check the date of its manufacture and prefer the one that was made recently. For the mortar, ordinary Portland cement is suitable for you.
- For greater efficiency and reduction of cement costs, it is best to take gravel of various diameters, both large and small. Small grains will serve as a layer between larger stones, and less cement is needed.
- Crushed stone should not contain debris and impurities.
- Water should also be clean, better drinking water.
- The sand should not be mixed with clay or silt.
Below is a recipe for a classic masonry mortar. Mix sand with crushed stone in a 3: 5 ratio, add 1 part of cement and fill everything with water to get a thick homogeneous mass.
Now it is clear to you how to fill the foundation for the barn.
Strip foundation
For the construction of sheds, the strip foundation is most popular. For him, it is necessary to dig a trench along the perimeter of the future building. The tape type is used in almost any soil and for any building. It will perfectly withstand both light structures and multi-storey brick houses with heavy concrete floors. This type also allows you to equip a basement.
It is necessary to start erecting a strip foundation under the shed, like most others, with digging a trench. The depth of the ditch should be equal to the depth to which the soil freezes in winter plus another 15 cm, and the width is about 70 cm.The width of the foundation base itself will be 40 cm.A two-layer pillow is poured at the bottom of the ditch, consisting of a layer of compacted rubble about 10 cm and 5 - thi centimeter layer of sand.
Then formwork is made, the height of which should be approximately 20 to 30 cm above ground level. Thus, you will raise the base of the building, and this will save it from getting wet. A mesh is made of reinforcement, which serves to strengthen the foundation. The diameter of the reinforcement should be 1.2 cm, and the width of the mesh cells should be 30 cm.
Next, the foundation is poured with concrete, and after it has solidified, the wooden frame can be removed and the gaps formed in this case can be sealed with earth. The base should be separated from the foundation by a layer of waterproofing.
Column foundation
Simple to perform and relatively cheap in comparison with the above-described strip foundation.
The columnar foundation for the shed is made by installing in the corners and at the joints of walls, concrete, or brick pillars... They are simply dug into the soil to the depth of its freezing. Unfortunately, this type of foundation cannot be used on moving soils.
First you need to dig holes in the places where the pillars will be. The depth of the holes should be 15 cm greater than the depth of soil freezing for this type of terrain. The bottom of the holes is filled with a mixture of sand and gravel and compacted so that a 15-centimeter layer is ultimately obtained.
Now it is possible to mount poles, which can be made of concrete blocks, filled with concrete asbestos pipes, or are ordinary brickwork. An iron rod must be installed inside the post, this increases the bearing capacity of the posts.
If you are using the last option - masonry, then it is important to treat it with waterproofing mastic. Insulation from moisture is also necessary for the wooden base of the shed. For this, the foundation is covered with a moisture-proof material and only then the base of the building is placed on top.
Foam block foundation
For this option for manufacturing a foundation for an outbuilding, foam blocks are used. Such a base is quite common, since its use increases the service life of the entire building. The foam block is a versatile material, with its help you can make a base for any structure, even for a house.
The low cost also contributes to the popularity of this material in construction. In addition, foam blocks are a fairly light material compared to the rest, so the base does not experience much stress. Based on this, it can be argued that the foundation for a foam block shed is an ideal option. Some people use foam blocks not only for laying the foundation, but also for erecting the walls of the building.
The practical part of doing this type of foundation is very similar to working on a strip foundation. Start by marking the site. Mark and dig in the pegs, between which pull the cord. Now you can dig a pit, the depth of which should be about 60 cm.The width is calculated taking into account the width of the foam blocks themselves, plus another 15-20 cm.
A pillow made of a mixture of rubble and sand is poured into the bottom of the pit, formwork and a frame are installed, everything is poured with concrete. The height of such a base should be about 20 cm. Now you need to wait until the concrete is completely dry and install the blocks.
Block foundation
Block foundations have a number of advantages over other types, among them are:
- Resistant to low temperatures.
- Resistance to acidic soil masses.
- Versatility and variety. Any type of foundation can be erected from the blocks and for any building. This is due to their wide range and variety of standard sizes. Small blocks are suitable for a barn.
- Excellent strength properties and long service life.
- Ease of installation and reduction of the period required for laying the foundation.
The foundation for the shed of blocks is started from the corners where the first blocks are installed. The blocks are placed on a concrete solution. If the soil is loose, then for the reliability of the future structure, it is necessary to make and install a metal mesh. The laying of the base is controlled using a level, this helps to avoid the occurrence of curvature.
Thereafter, the outer seams are expanded and filled with an additive containing moisture protection. Waterproofing is also required for the entire outer contour of the base. After that, the trench is buried.
Thus, now you know the methods of building a foundation and its types, which are most suitable for making a foundation for a shed with your own hands.
Most people believe that building a foundation for a shed with their own hands is elementary simple and does not take much time. For this to be so, it is necessary to carry out complex construction. After all, it must be done in such a way that the building does not collapse in two or three years.
Ready monolithic foundation under the barn
Before considering the types of foundation for a shed, you should decide on the type of this structure itself. The following are distinguished:
The type of foundation being erected directly depends not only on the strength of the future building, but also on the type of soil on which it is being built.
Consider the types of foundations for a barn that you can build yourself.
Fill foundation
Before laying the flood foundation for the shed, it is necessary to make a bedding, which will serve as an elevation above the ground by about 100-200 mm.
Formwork for the installation of the flooded foundation
Then a monolithic slab is installed: it will be the floor for the building. Such a floor will perfectly cope with any load and protect the building from all kinds of rodents.
Column foundation
Ideal and easy option for lightweight buildings. On such a foundation, you can make a building from foam blocks, but before starting construction, you need to investigate the soil composition: if it is homogeneous and compacted, then it is possible to make a foundation of brick or foam blocks.
It must be remembered that building a foundation with your own hands is a work requiring patience. It is best to do a columnar foundation with a fill or using brick or concrete blocks, simply installing them in the corners and in the places of the corner elements of the walls.
To build a columnar foundation, you need to do the following:
Block foundation
The foundation of foam blocks is the best option for outbuildings. It is the most common because it is easy to use, suitable for mounting a base for all types of buildings, and quickly fits.
The not very high cost of a foam block foundation makes this building material even more popular. Moreover, it is quite lightweight in comparison with other materials.
To make the base from foam blocks correctly, you first need to mark the area. Next, drive in the stakes and stretch the cord between them. Then start digging a pit with a depth of about 600 mm.
When calculating, one should take into account the width of the foam blocks themselves, increasing the width of the trench by 200 mm.
Pour rubble-sand bedding on the bottom of the trench, install the formwork, fill everything with concrete solution 200 mm high. Then, after waiting for the concrete to dry completely, you can install the required number of foam blocks and continue working further.
The foundation tape for the barn
When building sheds, the strip foundation is no less popular, since it is able to withstand different loads, is cheap, stable and allows you to make a basement inside itself.
Scheme for the construction of a strip foundation for a barn
This type of base is used on any soil and for any buildings.
Screw foundation
Although a relatively new technology, it has managed to gain popularity in low-rise construction. Such a foundation is affordable, durable on almost any soil.
Rapid construction technology includes:
- Vertical installation of piles at marked points - the vertical is measured with a level. If the pile deviates even by two degrees, it must be unscrewed and installed correctly in another place, since the density of the soil has already been lost in this;
- The piles are screwed to the calculated depth using scrap or pipe in the corners and under the walls of the structure. At the same time, there will not be many problems: the screw piles are equipped with a sharp end and thread, which allow them to perfectly cut through any soil, except for rocky;
- All piles must be measured and brought to the same height with a grinder;
- For strength from the inside, the pile is filled concrete mix... The foundation is ready, you can lay the stove.
Cinder block foundation
Cinder block is a cheap material that consists of slag, crushed stone, sand, cement and other components. As a foundation, it is perfect for small buildings.
But the cinder block foundation has its drawbacks:
- Hygroscopic due to the porosity of the structure;
- Has a high thermal conductivity;
- Not resistant to frost.
The scheme for erecting a foundation from a cinder block includes the following stages:
Important! To make the foundation lie flat, reinforcement is installed in the corners and a rope is pulled along it. In the future, masonry is made at this level.
Tire foundation
IN recent times among summer residents, foundations built from used material are widespread. For this, sleepers or tires can be used.
Barn Tire Foundation Example
Advantages of a tire foundation:
- Saving on materials;
- Rubber provides excellent waterproofing;
- Tires - strong and durable material;
- Tires can serve as a "cushion" in areas of seismic activity;
- Easy to manufacture.
An important nuance is that the tires must be on the same level so that there is no distortion.
The tire foundation can be erected as a tape or columnar type. To build it, you need to clear the area, level the ground, put the tires in two layers - the best would be to use truck tires. Then, 80% of the tire volume is filled with soil inside the column.
Roofing material must be laid on top to ensure a flat surface and waterproofing. Then concrete can be poured. To increase the strength of the structure, concrete can be used instead of backfilled soil.
In addition to this, it is possible to apply reinforcement of the foundation made of tires.
The foundation is needed not only for houses and cottages, but also for outbuildings, which include sheds. Such structures are often erected on a solid foundation. With this addition, buildings become taller and stronger. It is worth figuring out which foundation is more suitable for a shed and how to install it yourself.
Features of the choice of the base
Today there are several types of foundations. Each of them has its positive and negative sides. For the shed, you need to select the foundation as carefully as for the main structures on the site.
To dwell on one option, you should rely on the characteristics of the soil.
- For loose, sandy soil, one serious problem is characteristic: after melting snow or heavy precipitation, such soil is saturated with moisture. This can lead to the fact that he just "float". In these conditions, professionals advise to build a monolithic or tape base.
- As for the clay soil, then it must be borne in mind that it is prone to freezing at a considerable depth. Quicksands are also formed in similar conditions. For such a soil, a pile base is more suitable.
- The negative sides of frozen soil and quicksand are unfamiliar gravel type soil. In such conditions, it is possible to safely mount a columnar foundation.
- There is also a special rocky soil type. Any type of foundation can be built on it. The only exceptions are screw bases.
To choose the optimal type of foundation, it is important to take into account the topography of the soil, as well as the level of groundwater. To find out all the necessary information about the site, you should contact the specialists. However, it is worth considering that such geological survey can get quite expensive, so most homeowners rely on the experience and advice of their neighbors. There is a way to self-study the soil for selection optimal foundation... For this, a test screwing is done. screw pile... At the same time, this part goes deep into the ground manually, so that the level of groundwater can be determined, as well as the depth of the supporting layer by the moment of the screed.
Preparatory work
Before proceeding to the construction of the foundation for the shed, it is necessary to carefully prepare the site in the place where the outbuilding will be located.
At this stage, the following work should be carried out:
- you need to properly level the place where the foundation with the barn will stand;
- remove everything unnecessary from the ground: hemp, twigs, dirt, trees, bushes and other similar objects.
After clearing the land, work is carried out for each type of foundation. For example, a large pit is dug for a monolithic foundation, and a trench must be prepared for a linear foundation. If the site has too uneven ground or soil with a steep slope, then it will not be so easy to level it. In this case, experts recommend installing foundation structures on piles.
The subtleties of manufacturing
The foundation for the shed can be made by hand. You should consider in more detail several simple instructions with a step-by-step description of the installation of the foundations for this outbuilding.
Screw
Screw bases are erected as follows:
- first, along the perimeter of the walls, you need to set the markings for screw piles;
- then you need to dig out small grooves, between them you should leave about 1.5–2 m; piles must be placed in the prepared holes, which should be located in the corners; if the structure has internal partitions, then the piles must be fixed along the line of their construction.
- if the plans are to lay a floor of boards in the barn, then the piles should be placed under the logs;
- it is necessary to screw in large piles that have a diameter of more than 100 mm and a length of more than 150 mm, it should be borne in mind that such installation work is carried out with special equipment;
- piles of more modest dimensions are screwed into the soil manually using levers, while it is necessary to ensure that the foundation structures are in an even vertical position;
- the fixed piles must be cut in height; for this it is recommended to use a bubble or laser level;
- cement composition must be poured into the pipes;
- at the top of the piles it is necessary to attach the heads; the foundation base is assembled into one structure by a channel welded along the perimeter or an I-beam.
Columnar
To build a similar foundation for a farm building, you may need the following materials:
- concrete mortar, which will need to be poured into the formwork;
- metal or asbestos pipes with reinforcement, filled with concrete mortar;
- brickwork;
- concrete blocks.
The foundation with pillars-pillars under the shed is built in a different way than a screw one, and includes the following steps:
- to install the supports, you need to dig recesses of suitable depth, relying on the markings drawn up before;
- the gap between the supporting parts should be left within the range of 1.5 to 2 m;
- the depth of the foundation structure for the outbuilding must be at least 150 mm below the freezing point of the soil;
- on the bottom of the holes, it is necessary to sprinkle coarse gravel (about 100 mm), in addition, pour the same amount of sand; these materials should be compacted, and then roofing material should be laid on top;
- supports should be placed at the same level, they should be located about 150-200 mm above the ground;
- on top of the supports, you need to put several layers of waterproofing;
- the pillars must be surrounded by a blind area so that the soil is not washed out.
Tape
Tape foundations are the most popular because they are inexpensive, easily withstand impressive loads and are versatile.
To prepare such a base for a shed, you should follow these steps:
- along the perimeter of the outbuilding, they dig a trench with a depth of 200–300 mm below the level of soil freezing;
- the trench width indicator depends on the size of the base; free space should be allocated for the installation of the formwork;
- it is necessary to equip a cushion of crushed stone with a thickness of 100 mm, and then tamp it well;
- sand should be poured at the bottom of the trench and also tamped;
- now it is necessary to prepare the formwork with the upper edge rising 200–300 mm above the ground;
- the formwork must be reinforced with struts, while the upper extreme part is knocked down by transverse bars with a step of 1.5–2 m;
- inside the formwork on the walls, you need to put roofing material or polyethylene;
- it is necessary to carry out reinforcement, for which steel rods with a diameter of 8–12 mm are useful; the reinforcement must be put and tied so that a lattice with cells of 40-50 mm is obtained;
- it is necessary to pour concrete; to get rid of air bubbles, reinforcement should be stuck into the concrete several times over the entire surface of the pour;
- cover the setting concrete with plastic wrap and moisten it from time to time so that the material does not crack;
- after 28 days, when the concrete hardens to the end, the formwork must be removed and the trench must be backfilled with earth;
- two layers of waterproofing should be placed on the concrete fill.
According to DIYers, this foundation is pretty simple. Its construction is not difficult.
From foam blocks
The foundation of blocks (foam or cinder blocks) is strong and reliable.
It is assembled in several stages, namely:
- first you need to mark the site and dig trenches of the required depth;
- the bottom of the trench must be leveled and tamped;
- the next step is to arrange a cushion of gravel and sand;
- after that, the blocks can be laid out in the trench; for this, you should turn to the services of special lifting equipment;
- a cement-sand mixture should be applied to the side walls;
- each next block row must be laid with a slight offset of half the length compared to the previous one;
- in the space dividing the rows, you need to apply a solution of sand and cement;
- at least 1 row of foam blocks must be laid above the ground;
- on top and on the side, you need to apply bituminous mastic using rags and kwacha;
- in conclusion, you need to backfill the trench with earth.
Monolithic
The monolithic base is reliable and strong. It can be used on almost any soil. A shed of any size, from very small to large (for example, with dimensions of 6x4 m), will stand on such a basis for many years.
The technology for the construction of this type of foundation includes the following stages:
- a hole must be dug under the entire territory of the fill, while its depth should be only 0.5 m; after compaction, sand (200 mm) must be poured onto the bottom, in addition, the sand must be slightly moistened and compacted;
- crushed stone is laid on the sand layer (a layer of 200 mm) and also compacted;
- floor slabs are laid on the resulting sand and gravel cushion and prepared for pouring, for this formwork is assembled and reinforcement is made; in this case, the cells in the lattice should be 20x20 m, then the formwork is poured with concrete;
- you need to expel air bubbles from the solution, which should be done using a special vibrating press;
- put a polyethylene layer on the frozen solution;
- the formwork can only be removed after 28 days.
- A large outbuilding will require a sectional layout. In this case, the foundation is poured not only along the edges of the building, but also under it, so that the bottom of the shed does not sag over time, but simply lies on the concrete.
- The cement dries out completely on average in 24-28 days, however, it is permissible to start the construction of an outbuilding earlier - after a few weeks, when the strength of the pouring has been reached by more than half.
- If a columnar structure is mounted on heaving ground, then it should be borne in mind that it should lie deeper than freezing of the earth.
- If you want to save money, then instead of asbestos pipes and roofing material, you can use simple car tires... In conditions of non-porous soil, they do not need to be greatly deepened. The cavity of these objects should be covered with sand, and then filled with cement.
- Do not forget that the columnar foundation for the shed must be waterproofed and drained without fail.
- Experts recommend making the required calculations and measurements in advance, as well as preparing all the necessary deepenings on the site. And also you need to decide on the number of the foundation pillar. Otherwise, you can face serious problems. For example, in the midst of work, it may turn out that there are non-digging rubble knots in the ground.
- Screw piles can be made slightly longer if necessary. For this, the ends at the top are supplemented with threads and grooves.
- It must be remembered that the heaving does not affect the piles in any way, since their outer surfaces are treated with an anti-corrosion agent. However, in this case, the building receives an underground, the perimeter of which must be closed with decorative material, for example, siding, tiles or corrugated board. To ventilate the underground, the intake is equipped with ventilation ducts.
- The shed must be built immediately after completion of the work related to the foundation. Otherwise, the swelling of the soil, which occurs in the spring, may slightly move the pillars from their original point.
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