How to make a strip foundation for the fence. We select the optimal foundation for various designs of fences
Today, fencing from corrugated board is almost the most common, due to the relatively simple installation, durability, aesthetics and a variety of colors and shapes. Sheets are made of galvanized steel by cold rolling and painted. The sizes of sheets for each manufacturer are different. The most common one has dimensions in width of 1150 mm, usable width of 1100 mm, since it is mounted “overlapping”. For fences, a conventional corrugated board marked C10 and a stiffer C21 are used, but the main thing is to choose the right foundation for the fence from corrugated board.
A strong foundation guarantees the duration of the "life" of any fence
Types of foundation for the fence
The main factors when choosing a foundation are:
Groundwater level in the area of \u200b\u200bwork. The closer they are to the surface, the more thoroughly have to build.
Calculation of the "sail" of the sheets.
Type of soil. The softer and wetter the soil, the deeper you need to lay the foundation.
The presence of nearby busy highways and railways. Heavy transport causes vibrations in the soil, causing the fence to collapse.
Just pillars driven into the ground very soon will go "downhill"
There are several types of foundation:
Columnar. This is the simplest and easiest to perform look. Its essence lies in the fact that pits of the required depth are made with a punch, into which the vertical supports of the fence are clogged and the cavity is concreted.
Tape. When installing the foundation, a trench is dug, a cavity is reinforced, vertical supports are installed, and poured with concrete.
Tape columnar. This is a combined type of foundation in which a trench is excavated between the posts and poured with concrete after reinforcement. Pillars can be both monolithic, and of brick or cinder block. For greater aesthetics, it is possible to finish with a facing stone.
Stone. The most expensive and time-consuming type of fence, but the most reliable. The foundation is laid out from rubble stone and poured with concrete, after having inserted the supports. Columns of the future fence can also be laid out of stone.
The most common, reliable and durable is considered to be a fence from corrugated board on a strip foundation. Exactly strip foundation is most suitable for this fence.
The strip foundation will not only serve for a long time, but will also not allow drains after rain and snow to flood into the yard
On our site you can find contacts construction companieswho offer a fence construction service. You can talk directly with representatives by visiting the Low-Rise Country exhibition of houses.
Stages of the construction of the strip foundation and installation of the fence
Marking and digging a trench
The first step is to mark the location of the fence so that it does not go beyond your the land, since after the foundation device it will already be problematic to transfer it.
For marking around the perimeter, pegs are hammered and a strong twine is pulled. Next, it is necessary to remove plants and shrubs along the entire length. After that, the installation locations of the posts are determined. To do this, measure the same distances from the corners with a tape measure, depending on the factors mentioned above. The length of the gate and the gate must be taken into account.
Further, a trench is excavated with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 70-80 cm from the surface of the earth. This is done with a narrow bucket excavator or manually. It all depends on the type of soil and the desired speed of construction. In the presence of rocky soils, a hydraulic hammer is used or, in the manual version, a jackhammer is used. In this case, the depth of the trenches in such hard rocks can be reduced.
Then a sandy “pillow” is made with a layer of 10-20 cm. It must be tamped. It will serve as the foundation of our foundation and provide the necessary drainage.
With uneven terrain, it should be borne in mind that one section of the fence should be at the same level. In such cases, the fence is made "steps".
One way to plan fence architecture with terrain bumps
Formwork installation
When arranging the formwork, its assembly is carried out 20-30 cm above the surface of the earth. It can be made of boards, metal sheets, plywood or professional formwork plywood, which will allow it to be separated without much difficulty to separate it.
The uneven terrain adds to the difficulty in installing the formwork to make the foundation for the fence from corrugated board. Since one section will have one elevation, it is necessary to install the formwork at the planned height. Sections in this case are divided among themselves using the same formwork. In this case, each compartment will subsequently be filled with concrete in stages. Naturally, concrete reinforcement will also be more complicated than with a flat surface.
Formwork and reinforcement for the future foundation
Installation of supports and reinforcement
The next stage is the installation of vertical supports for the future fence. Usually a steel corner or square profile of 30-40 mm is selected. To increase the service life, supports and longitudinal logs must be primed and painted, having previously cleaned the foci of corrosion, if any.
Video Description
Supports for the fence can be as shown in this video:
The supports are hammered into the trench at a distance of 2 - 3 meters and to a depth of at least 20-30 cm. If there is rock, a hole is hollowed out under each support which, after installing the support, is either separately concreted, or covered with soil and compacted. In this case, it is mandatory to install supports to ensure their verticality before pouring concrete. The distance between the supports is selected depending on the area of \u200b\u200bwork and the height of the fence. Usually it is 2.5 - 3 meters. In windy areas, such a fence works like a sail, and with long lengths it is likely that the sheets will be deformed or even torn off the points of attachment.
To increase reliability between the supports in the trench, reinforcement with a diameter of 10 mm is welded. With great depth, several such bonding compounds should be made at different levels.
Reinforcement is also carried out using 8-12 mm reinforcement. Since the foundation does not bear almost any load, except for the lateral, a special approach is not required. It is mainly required to ensure structural integrity. Between the supports, segments of reinforcement are driven in and along, 2-4 rows of reinforcement are tied with a knitting wire, depending on the depth of the trench. For even greater reinforcement, the crossbars are imposed. It must be borne in mind that the reinforcement should be at a distance of 2-3 cm from the edge of the formwork.
Reinforcing rods must not touch the formwork boards
Concrete work: foundation sludge and formwork
Next, it is necessary to fill the trench to the desired level of formwork with concrete or mortar using cement of grade at least 200. The tape foundation for the fence from the corrugated board is poured in layers to ensure the exit of air bubbles from the solution. As the concrete dries, it is necessary to water it. During the first two to three days, it is advisable to do this every 3-4 hours. Watering will avoid the appearance of cracks. Further it is possible less often. Foundation dismantling is carried out depending on temperature conditions when concrete is set to 70% strength, and this is 2-4 days. When using additives that accelerate the hardening, it is possible to remove the formwork in a day. However, the installation of the fence should begin no earlier than 7 days.
Installation of longitudinal profiles and fasteners of corrugated sheets
This step involves welding profiles between the fence supports. It can be made both from a corner of 2-3 cm, and from a “P” shaped or square profile. In this case, several types of connection are used, as shown in the figure. If the painting has not been done previously, then after welding it is necessary to paint the frame of the future fence. Especially when painting, attention should be paid to welds, since it is there that corrosion most often occurs.
There are three ways to fix corrugated board in relation to poles
After this, the installation of the corrugated board with the help of self-tapping screws with rubber gaskets is carried out in order to avoid damage to the sheets and the occurrence of rust at the attachment points. The distance between the fasteners depends on the size of the sheet.
To improve the appearance, the foundation can be finished with tiles, facing brick or stone, just plaster and paint.
Video Description
An overview of the process of creating the foundation and installation of the mono fence see in the video:
Common mistakes during construction
Insufficient foundation laying depth, as a result of which the fence can “float”, skew and burst. This is especially true for wetlands with close occurrence of groundwater (near reservoirs, ponds, etc.).
Conclusion
The same consequences can occur if the cushion layer of sand or gravel under the foundation is insufficient or poorly tamped. And, of course, poor-quality reinforcement can lead to cracks and chips of concrete. In general, we can say that the preparatory stage, before pouring concrete, can be considered the main one when building a quality fence.Any household plot sooner or later requires fencing. Therefore, this problem is relevant for their owners. In order for the installed fence to serve as a solid structure and stand for a long time, it is necessary to lay the foundation.
Features and functions of the foundation
The main bearing part of the fence is called the foundation. The life of the entire fence will depend on the variety and quality of its implementation. With a weak foundation device, or its absence, the fence can be squinted. Also, swelling of the earth can lead to such a problem, which will entail the destruction of the building envelope.
The foundation for the fence performs the main functions:
- affects the stability of the fence;
- makes it possible to equally share the load on the entire structure;
- provides soil retention by summer cottage during heavy rains and during snowmelt.
Types of foundation
The most famous option is the tape foundation for the fence. This is a necessary element in the manufacture of stone fencing. The base in this case makes it possible to make a uniform load. The strip foundation is applicable for the manufacture of pillars in it.
Initially, you need to dig a trench according to calculated data. On its bottom crushed stone with sand. A formwork having a height of up to 30 cm is built above the pit, and support pillars and metal fittings are laid inside. At the end, the foundation is to be poured.
A cheaper option for the construction of foundations is a columnar foundation. This type is often used for sandy or clay soils.
Reliable protection are posts made of asbestos or metal. The support may be brickwork made on the basis of concrete. The gap between the two supports is approximately 1.5-2 m.
From what soil and weather conditions, they dig a trench under the supports to a depth of 1-1.5 m. A sand-gravel pillow is poured to the very bottom of the pit, after which it is rammed. Then the columns are placed in an upright position, and the trench is poured with concrete.
Often people use a combined foundation, combining the two above types of concrete. Its use is carried out in the construction of concrete-tile fences, structures from profiled sheets.
The price of the foundation for the fence with brick pillars is the sum of the prices of the used stocks. Based on whose production it is, the cost of one bag will come out. On average, it varies from 200 to 250 rubles.
Manufacture
Preparing the foundation for the fence yourself is quite simple. It is only necessary first to calculate everything and adhere to all points of the instruction in the implementation of actions.
To determine the depth of laying the foundation, you need to consider the main points:
- design characteristics;
- the depth to which the soil freezes;
- terrain slope;
- the quality of the land layer and the height of sandy waters.
For the correctness of all calculations, you need to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe base from the foundation. For example, if the length of the supporting structure is 50 m and the width is 30 cm, then it is not difficult to calculate the area (15 m2) here. Subsequently, this parameter is useful for calculating the depth at which the foundation is laid.
However, it is necessary to identify what is its reliable area. We divide the pressure indicator of the aboveground part by the value of the bearing base, adjusted by the reliability indicator, by the soil resistance and the coefficient of working conditions.
The final result must be compared with the expected area. Final should be higher than estimated, otherwise it is subject to adjustment.
Pouring
How to fill the foundation under the fence correctly? The downy soil layer requires pouring the combined foundation. Before starting work, you need to dig a trench, the size of which should correspond to the calculated value of the depth and width. In the place where the support posts will be installed, it is necessary to drill holes.
Then, a timber formwork is made around the prepared base. On the bottom of each dug hole under the pillar you need to lay a ruberoid, doubled. After that, the installation of supports and the reinforcement of the foundation with the help of reinforcing mesh is done.
Next, the foundation begins to fill under the fence in the horizontal direction. When pouring concrete mixture, it must not be allowed that from one edge the formwork is hidden to the very top, and from the other it is completely absent. Drying time for concrete takes about 3 days.
In hot weather, the foundation should be moistened with water. The formwork is removed from the tape after 2 weeks.
Filling a strip of shallowly buried foundation is easier. It is laid above a layer of frozen soil. For this reason, the correct foundation for the fence is resistant to off-season soil movements.
The foundation device is as follows:
- Make a trench to a depth of 0.5 m.
- Cover the bottom of the trench with sand (0.15 m) and squeeze it.
- Sprinkle the top with crushed stone (0.15 m).
- Drill holes for digging pillars, pour sand onto the bottom, insert supports and level them.
- Connect the posts to each other with reinforcement using a welding tool.
Install the formwork and pour the concrete mixture. At the end of the filling work, make sure that the poles are installed evenly.
For other types of fences
It will be necessary to fill the column foundation under the fence from the corrugated board when the height of the fence is up to 1.2 m. If the parameters of the profiled sheet are exceeded, a strip foundation will be needed.
Since the columnar type of material has a high windage, during a hurricane it is subject to increased load. As a result, collapse of the support and everything else may occur.
To make a fence, held on brick pillars, you will need to build a fairly strong base for it. Such fences are prone to damage due to uneven shrinkage. In pillars, a mortgage device is recommended. It is connected with the transverse parts of the entire fence for a solid fit.
Photo of the foundation under the fence
If you want to protect your land from neighbors, passers-by and to ensure the safety of private property, use fences. But in order for the fence to be reliable and durable, it is necessary to create a strong foundation. In this case, the question arises - how to fill the foundation for the fence and what are the basic rules for performing this operation. The requirements arising for the base of the fence are the same as for living quarters, resistance to destruction and the ability to support the weight of the structure.
Types of foundation for fences
The most reliable fences are made of iron rods or concrete slabs from bricks, because of which the weight becomes quite large. This does not allow the use of unfinished or slightly shallow foundations, due to the insecurity of the possibility of collapse.
When choosing the type of foundation, it is worth considering the bearing capacity of the soil and the level of groundwater. It is important what buildings or roads are nearby. Without a well-executed geological exploration, calculation and drawing up a construction plan, a heavy fence is a danger not only to the owners, but also to passers-by.
There are 4 types of foundation for the fence:
- tape;
- stone;
- columnar;
- column-ribbon (mixed).
Tape evenly distributes the load from the fence on the soil and is used for heavy fences. With a foundation height of 50 cm or more, its terrestrial part is only 10 cm, and the rest is placed in the ground. To create a strip foundation, use bricks, monolithic blocks or concrete pouring.
The stone foundation uses large stones of different sizes and cement. This is a fairly durable way to fence. It is little susceptible to destruction, does not require special care.
The column foundation is used for light fences due to the fact that the load on the soil is transmitted pointwise. It is built from stones, bricks, piles or poured with concrete, easy to prepare and erect.
Column-ribbon. With this type of foundation, the main load goes on the poles, and thanks to the tape base flooded from above, it is distributed evenly. In this foundation, the tape base is deepened by a maximum of 20 cm. It is built from reinforced concrete or metal piles, which are reinforced with cement mortar from above.
Foundation reinforcement
Any foundations, except for the pile type, can be strengthened by digging special supports into the ground. Such supports can be made of special wood, pipes and other materials that add rigidity to the base. This method is very popular for creating a tape base. Supports after special treatment are buried up to 2 m in the ground, in increments of 2-3 m.
If the fence is planned from corrugated board, then strengthening the foundation is necessary. Pipes will not only fasten the foundation, but also hold the sheets of the fence.
Before applying an anti-corrosion compound to metal amplifiers, it is necessary to clean them of rust or any other contaminants. If metal pipes are used, then they should not only be coated with moisture-resistant compounds on the outside, but also inside. Another option to protect against moisture in binder solutions is to install plugs at the ends of the pipes.
Preparatory work
To fill the foundation for the fence, you need to purchase materials and tools, as well as prepare the territory, depending on the chosen base. The main thing is to have a construction plan with accurate calculations, which will facilitate construction works, and save money on buying and redoing mistakes.
Tools and materials:
- bulgarian;
- cement M400;
- rebar with a diameter of 0.8 mm;
- welding machine or knitting wire for fittings;
- metal poles with a diameter of 5 cm or more to reinforce the pillars;
- profiled pipes for the fence from the profiled sheet;
- boards or other formwork materials;
- roulette;
- pegs for marking the territory;
- rope creates borders earthworksends tie around pegs;
- level to check the horizontal;
- a concrete mixer, or a construction mixer with a container to create a mortar;
- shovels if a trench or pit will be created manually.
The construction of the foundation begins with the layout. For this purpose, pegs are installed around the perimeter of the future foundation, four on each wall, and a rope is pulled between them. You should get a rectangle from a rope. In order for the rope not to sag, install additional pegs. For a columnar foundation, mark the position of the posts, placing the stakes in their corners, and fastening the ropes across the previous one to make a square the size of the future column.
For a strip foundation, an indent is made on each side of the border of 30 cm to mount the formwork. If the foundation is of mixed type, then the trench between the pits for future pillars is 30-40 cm deep.
If a brick foundation is used, then at least 2 m of free space must be provided. This is also necessary for a columnar foundation of brick.
If the fence is built on a slope, it must be borne in mind that the bottom of the trench should be stepped, and the base will consist of several sections. The bottom of each fragment must be absolutely flat, and to prevent slipping, the edges of adjacent sections are connected by pillars.
Creating the foundation of the tape type
Crushed stone from 10 cm is laid at the bottom of the trench, after which it must be leveled. 5 cm of sand is poured on top of the gravel and compacted. After that, you can proceed to the installation of formwork. The best way for concreting under a fence, it is a removable formwork from boards. They are strong enough and cheap for private construction. First you need to mount the boards in the boards, which will be the walls of the formwork, then lower them into the trench and install jumpers so that the foundation is the same width. Creating stops in the walls of the trench along the entire length of the formwork.
Before pouring concrete, it is necessary to create reinforcement. The fittings can be welded or wired, this does not particularly affect the result. Ready reinforcement should contain 4 horizontal rods, 2 at the top and bottom, as well as vertical rods, in increments of 20 cm. The reinforcement should be 1.5-2 cm smaller than the future foundation, so that the concrete completely covers it, to prevent contact with moisture . In place of future gates or gates, a grillage is welded on top of the armature to enhance the bearing capacity.
How to properly fill the strip foundation under the fence, you can see the video
To prevent the leakage of “concrete milk” into the soil, a dense film or waterproofing is placed on the bottom of the formwork, depending on the funds allocated for the construction. If this is not done, the base may be brittle and prone to cracking. With a small budget and the inability to use insulation, the trench is wetted with water so that the earth does not pull it from the foundation. However, due to the drying time of the concrete mixture, this method is still less reliable.
Foundation pouring
The mixture for the foundation is created in the proportions of 4: 2: 1, sand, gravel and cement, respectively. For a homogeneous consistency, it is necessary to start mixing with cement and water, after obtaining a homogeneous composition, sand is gradually added, and after crushed stone. If the foundation is not sectional, it is advisable to fill the mixture within 1 day. Concrete is poured into the formwork by 5-10 cm, after which the reinforcement is installed, and pouring continues. It is better to fix the reinforcement at the top until the concrete mix reaches its top, this will prevent possible distortions that may occur due to the heterogeneity of the concrete during pouring.
With a stepped foundation, the same is done only in sections, and the reinforcement at the bottom edge acts so as to be a continuation of the upper reinforcement. After the bottom reinforcement hardens, mount the formwork of the upper section and the connecting column and repeat the pouring. Thanks to this design, uniformity of the foundation is achieved, which prevents possible landslides of the fence.
Before proceeding with the construction of the fence, as in the foundation of the house, it is necessary to lay insulating material. The most affordable is roofing material.
Fill Difference columnar base from tape, only in the end result. In a mixed base, a grillage is welded onto the reinforcement of the pillars, and then the tape part of the base is poured.
Pouring the foundation, it must be remembered that it must fulfill its functions for at least 10 years. A properly constructed base will not require repair for a long time, it will allow you to install a heavy fence and a gate that protects privacy from prying eyes.
Very often, the most difficult question in constructing a fence is the question of whether a foundation is needed for it. The answer is unequivocal - needed. The life of the fence depends on this. Moreover, it is important to choose the type of foundation for the fence.
What to look for when choosing a base
There are several types of foundation for the fence. Therefore, it is so important to choose the right type for a particular case. Remember that the correct base for the fence is fully consistent with:
- fence weight;
- materials used;
- fencing structures;
- site relief;
- soil characteristics.
An important factor is the construction budget, which you can allocate. In most cases, you have to work in limited budget, which greatly complicates the construction process.
Each type of base is suitable for different fence designs:
- The pillar foundation is a support driven or dug into the ground. They are located at a distance of 1.5 m. The depth of digging depends on the characteristics of the soil and the mass of the fence. They can reach 1.5 m. It can be used on different soils. As a rule, it is selected for arranging a fence from a profiled sheet.
Pillar foundation suitable for wetlands
- The monolithic base is suitable for fences made of stone, brick or reinforced concrete slabs. Also, such a foundation can be an excellent solution if you work on a site with swampy soils. This type of foundation is a support that is installed in a layer of concrete. The most expensive but durable type of foundation for the fence.
A monolithic foundation is needed for a fence of brick or reinforced concrete slabs
- Stone foundation. But this is rather just the basis for the fence, because it does not go deep into the ground. For the manufacture of massive blocks, metal frame and cement mortar. Suitable for fences made of lightweight materials.
The stone foundation is essentially not a foundation, therefore it is suitable only for lightweight structures
- Strip foundation. This is a closed tape around the perimeter of the structure, made of reinforced concrete. Suitable for fencing different types. The advantages of the strip foundation in the optimal ratio of price and quality, as well as the ability to make it yourself.
Instructions for the manufacture of the foundation for the fence
Almost any foundation for the fence can be made with your own hands, if you carefully study the technology and comply with all its requirements.
Strip foundation
The process of creating this type of base for the fence consists of certain sequential steps. With the consistent and careful execution of each of them, in the end you will get a solid foundation for your fence. So you need to:
- Mark the territory. To do this, along the perimeter of the site, which will be surrounded by a fence, you need to drive in pegs, between which pull the rope. Separately, it is necessary to identify the location of the gate and gate.
- Dig a trench. The depth of the ditch is not less than 35 cm, in the places where the supports are installed - 60–90 cm. Width about 40 cm.
- Install the pillars of the support. You can use any material in their quality. Usually these are pipes with a diameter of about 80 mm. Their height should be such that when digging into the ground, enough for the entire height of the future fence. They need to be installed in prepared holes, covered with broken brick, gravel or stone.
- Reinforce the bottom of the trench. To begin with, the bottom is covered with a layer of rubble or gravel. Horizontal reinforcement is laid on it, to which vertical pins are attached.
- Mount the formwork. It must be installed in such a way that it extends beyond the trench by 20–25 cm. At this stage, it is very important to ensure that the boards are installed strictly vertically. It must be properly fixed from the outside. This can be done with stones.
Formwork is usually made of boards
- Concrete the formwork. For the foundation, it is necessary to use two types of cement mortar. For the underground part you will need a cement-sand mortar with the addition of gravel, for the aboveground part - without it. Remember that concrete needs to be poured gradually, eliminating the possibility of the appearance of bubbles inside the formwork. You can remove the boards the next day. However, the fence itself can begin to be built no earlier than three weeks later.
The tape should protrude slightly above ground level.
Video: do-it-yourself foundation tape for the fence
The basis for a light fence from corrugated board
For a fence made of profiled sheet, the foundation may not be so solid. Such a fence can be installed on a column foundation:
To increase the strength of the foundation, you can additionally dig a shallow trench, the bottom of which is covered with geotextile, covered with rubble and covered with a film. Next, install the formwork, reinforce the bottom, then pour cement mixture.
For such a fence, large stones laid on top of one another can also be used as a foundation. However, this has its difficulties. Doing it yourself is not as easy as it seems at first glance, since the material is different in size and shape, and their surface is uneven.
Video: pillar base for the fence
Brick Fence Foundation
The brick fence needs a solid and solid foundation, because the mass of such a design is impressive. The consequences of not adhering to the technology or choosing the wrong type of foundation can manifest as cracks on the fence itself. There are two options for arranging the foundation for a brick fence, which are equally suitable for a three-meter structure, and for a small fence:
- strip foundation (depth 40–50 cm, width 40 cm), part of which is above the ground (it is necessary to reinforce it with 12–14 reinforcement, two from the top and bottom);
- the grillage is arranged in the locations of the posts to the depth of freezing, that is, 120–1250 cm deep into the soil, and between them the usual reinforced tape.
The second option for arranging the foundation is more reliable in the case of the construction of a brick fence.
Brick fence requires a solid foundation
There are secrets, knowing which you can significantly increase the life of the foundation:
- under the tape you can equip a sand cushion, which is additionally moistened with water, which will significantly reduce the risk of displacement of the base;
- use cement no lower than grade M-200;
- pour concrete at a time;
- if you do not make the solution yourself, but order it in a specialized company, then you need to order 10% more, since part of the water is necessarily absorbed into the soil;
- between the foundation and brickwork There should be a layer of waterproofing.
The basement of the fence is integral with the foundation
Fence foundation with brick pillars
Brick pillars fulfill a decorative function rather than a practical one. However, such a fence can be installed in those areas where it is necessary to align the height difference in the area a little.
Under the brick pillars you can use the pile foundation
The process of creating the foundation takes place according to the following plan:
- Dig a ditch around the perimeter of the future fence up to 70 cm deep and at least 80 cm wide.
- Lay the drainage pillow at the bottom. You need to use for this sand and gravel of a large fraction.
- Lay roofing material.
- Pour a layer of cement mortar into 20 cm. Lay reinforcing mesh in this layer. Use fittings with a diameter of 6 mm.
- After the concrete has completely hardened, cover it with a roofing material.
- Now you can equip the tape with masonry in two bricks. It will have to be raised to ground level.
- Now you need to reinforce the location of the pillars. A wire with a diameter of 3 mm will be enough.
- Lay out the base of the brick, and the base and pillars are laid out as a whole. Next, the columns are laid out in monolithic masonry.
You can reduce the cost of such a foundation by replacing part of the bricks with reinforced concrete slabs, and simply brick it with bricks.
The strip foundation under the fence with brick pillars looks original
Features of pouring the base under the fence
In the process of creating the foundation for the fence, the stage of preparing concrete is very important, and it does not matter at all which foundation will be on your site. There are certain rules that must be followed without fail. This is the only way to be sure of the quality of the foundation.
Concrete proportions
The concrete mix necessarily includes four main components:
- cement;
- sand;
- crushed stone;
- water.
Crushed stone is added to the mortar for the foundation for the fence only in that part, which will be located underground.
The quality of concrete also depends on the quality of the cement used. For the foundation, it is recommended to choose cement no lower than the M500 brand.
The quality of concrete depends on the quality of the cement used.
At this stage, the manufacture of the foundation is very important to observe the proportions. Do not think that the more cement you add to the mixture, the better the solution will be. This is not true. On the contrary, it will become too fragile, which will lead to the destruction of the foundation.
As for the proportions, they depend on the brand of finished concrete:
- concrete M 100 - 1: 5.8: 6.1 (cement: sand: crushed stone);
- concrete M 200 - 1: 3,5: 5,6 (cement: sand: crushed stone);
- concrete M 300 - 1: 2.4: 4.3 (cement: sand: crushed stone);
- concrete M 400 - 1: 1.6: 3.2 (cement: sand: crushed stone);
- concrete M 450 - 1: 1.4: 2.9 (cement: sand: crushed stone).
The optimal proportion for the foundation under the fence is a ratio of 1: 3: 5. As for water, it varies between 0.4–0.7.
Video: DIY concrete preparation for the foundation
The service life of the fence, its appearance depends on the foundation, including. It is very important to choose the right type of foundation, taking into account the soil, the relief of the site used to enclose the material.
In the process of preparing for the independent construction of the fence, you need to purchase not only high-quality materials for its arrangement, but also create a reliable, most durable and durable foundation for installing the fence.
It is on the quality of the foundation that the life of the fence and its main characteristics largely depend. There are several varieties of fencing bases. With the device of each of them you can handle yourself. It is only necessary to familiarize yourself with the features of existing options and choose the right kind of foundation.
Currently, several basic varieties of foundations for installing fences have been successfully applied. When choosing a certain type of foundation, it is necessary to take into account a number of factors, the most important of which are the following points:
The most optimal design option for self-construction is a tape-column base. This design perfectly withstands the loads created by most types of existing fences.
Features
It is a combined option. A concrete tape is prepared with pre-arranged holes for placing supports. When choosing the width of the foundation tape and the optimal diameter of the supports, it is necessary to take into account the height and total weight of the fence.
To achieve maximum reliability and the required stability of the structure, the tape and column supports are necessarily reinforced. Thanks to the reinforcement, the load will be distributed as evenly as possible throughout the structure.
The combined foundation without any problems can withstand the weight of a wooden and brick fence, as well as fencing from corrugated board.
For pouring, the most ordinary concrete is used. In general, there are no problems with the foundation.
Arrangement
First step. Prepare the markup. Install wooden or metal pegs around the entire perimeter of the future design. Pull any rope between the pegs. Such markup will help you better navigate the process of further work.
Second step. According to the marking, dig a hole with a width corresponding to the width of the concrete tape you fill in and a depth of about 50 cm.
Third step. In the trench, prepare the recesses to place the support pillars. The depth of the pits should be at least 80 cm, the pitch between the posts is 100-250 cm.
It is difficult to give specific values \u200b\u200bof the depth and distance between the supports, because these parameters need to be selected individually in accordance with the type of soil and the weight of the future fence. The heavier the fence, the deeper the pits should be and the smaller the distance between the supports should be.
Pits can be made using an ordinary drill or other convenient devices.
Fourth step. Install the formwork around the perimeter of the future foundation. It will simultaneously prevent the collapse of the earth and allow you to navigate at the stage of pouring the foundation.
Fifth step. Fill the bottom of each pit with a pillow from a ruberoid rolled up a couple of times and lower the support posts into the pits. Supports must also be driven into the ground up to approximately 200 mm. Tie up the posts with reinforcing bars at a depth of about 10 cm below ground level. Also, reinforcement in the form of a mesh needs to be let out throughout foundation tape. Tie the grid yourself from 8 mm rods.
Sixth step. Start pouring the foundation. Pour concrete in horizontal layers, slowly and evenly, so that there are no voids that can reduce the strength of the structure.
The fill will dry for 3-5 weeks. In the heat, pour concrete with water. The formwork can be removed approximately two weeks after pouring concrete, but it is better to do this after the foundation has completely hardened and gained strength.
This design will serve as long as possible, steadily transferring even the largest loads.
Column base
Features
The arrangement of such a foundation does not require special skills and labor costs - it is enough to dig the required number of pits, install support pillars in them and fill the pits with concrete.
Among the advantages of such a foundation, it is necessary to note the simplicity of construction and affordable cost. Column foundations best suited for light fences made of wooden boards, metal nets, corrugated board.
Arrangement
First step. Take a garden drill and prepare holes along the perimeter of the future fence. Pits with a depth of about 1-1.5 m will be enough. The diameter of the recess should exceed the diameter of the supporting posts by about 20-25 cm. Place the pits in increments of about 2 m. In general, focus on the features of the soil and the weight of the future fence. Recommendations on this subject were given in the section on the tape-column base.
Second step. Fill the bottom of the pits with an approximately 20-cm layer of sand and gravel and compact the backfill.
Third step. Install the poles in the pits, level them under one level and fill the space around the supports with concrete mortar.
It will take you several times less money to equip such a foundation compared to the previous type of foundation, because here you can save on the amount of concrete, rebars and formwork.
Tape base
Features
Bare Reinforced concrete foundation. For pouring, two hundredth concrete will be enough, it is possible higher. Pre-prepare reinforcing rods with a diameter of 8-10 mm, formwork material (boards, boards or plywood can be used), coarse sand.
The tape may have a different thickness. If you equip a heavy welded metal fence, recess the tape by 80-100 cm. For light fences, a 50-centimeter deepening will be sufficient.
Arrangement
First step. Dig a trench with a depth of about 80 cm and a width of 30-100 cm, depending on the characteristics of the future fence.
Second step. Fill the bottom of the trench with a 15-cm layer of sand and gravel and carefully compact the backfill.
Third step. Lay the reinforcing mesh, departing about 10 cm from the walls of the pit and about 7 cm from its bottom.
Fourth step. Install and securely fasten the formwork.
Fifth step. Pour concrete into the trench. Leave the foundation to dry and gain strength for 1-1.5 months.
This foundation is ideal for installing heavy and large fences. A trench digs, a layer of gravel is poured, compacted, after which the foundation is poured in layers.
In addition, each concrete layer is subject to compulsory compaction. Fence supports are mounted directly on the flooded base. They are not used for fences from the profiled sheet due to the inappropriateness of such a solution - there are simpler and more budget options.
Stone foundation
Features
To equip such a foundation, stones of a wide variety of sizes and shapes are used. Stone foundations are considered the most reliable and durable. They are mainly used for arranging stone fences or expensive forged fences.
The foundation of stone requires substantial financial investments. You can additionally save money by refusing the services of third-party specialists and completing all the relevant activities with your own hands.
Arrangement
First step. Dig a trench. Choose the dimensions of the pit individually in accordance with the features of the future fence.
Second step. Fill the bottom of the trench with a layer of gravel and carefully compact the backfill.
Third step. Start laying stones. First place large elements, the gaps between them can be filled with smaller stones. Additionally fasten all elements with cement mortar. In total, the solution should account for at least 15% of the total base volume.
Thus, for the construction of the fence, you can use a wide variety of foundations. The most popular are columnar and tape-columnar (or just tape) bases. With their arrangement, there will not be any special difficulties even for an unprepared home master.
Remember: the foundation is an essential building block. It is the foundation that sets the direction for further stages of work. The durability, integrity, reliability and overall quality of the entire building directly depend on the literacy of the foundation. Therefore, be careful at every stage and follow the instructions in everything.
Have a good work!
Video - Foundation for a do-it-yourself fence