Credit Policy Sberbank. Deposit Policy of Savings Bank Analysis of Sberbank Interest Policy
Stabilization of the political situation, positive trends in the Russian economy create a basis for expanding investments in the real economy and require accelerating the growth rates of the resource base of Sberbank of Russia. As the main sources of attraction of funds, the Bank determines:
Population savings - the main and most stable investment resource.
Funds of legal entities are the most dynamically growing component of the bank's liabilities.
The main task of the Bank in the field of resource attracting is:
The preservation of the leading position in the market for attracting savings of citizens, stimulating savings and investment activity of the population by providing bank depositors the possibility of choosing effective savings forms that meet the client requirements for liquidity, profitability and reliability, ensuring the increase and accumulation of invested funds. Preservation of priority price conditions on deposits for the least socially protected populations.
Preservation and possible increase in the share in the banking service market of corporate clients, the formation of long-term preferences in customers in the use of bank services.
In order to create a resource basis for expanding active operations, investments in the real sector of the economy and reducing their own interest risks as the main priorities in the formation of a resource base, the Bank allocates: lengthening the timing of funds to attract, reducing the total cost of resources, optimizing the structure of attracting resources by parameters "price - The term is the risk of revaluation or early recall. "
The consequences of socio-political and economic instability and inflation expectations, characteristic of the post-crisis period, seriously make it difficult to choose the population of effective forms of savings. A high level of public confidence in the work of Sberbank of Russia in combination with the availability and the usual of the forms of storage of funds contribute to gradual overcoming the inclination to store savings in cash. As inflation rates are slowed down, accelerating production growth, reduce the amount of wage and pensions debt, reducing the taxation rates of citizens' income, the possibilities of the Bank to attract funds will increase.
The Bank's policy in the field of attraction will be aimed at maintaining the leading position in the deposit market of individuals. The population savings will still be the basis of the resource base. The Bank will offer new financial products for individuals, based on the assessment of macroeconomic parameters, regularly monitored by regional deposit and services markets, the level of demand for certain conditions on deposits. The contributions offered by the Bank will take into account the needs of all social and age groups of citizens - working and retirees, young people and middle-aged people, and will be calculated both on low-income sepuls of the population and on people with an average and high income.
The interest policy of the Bank on urgent deposits of individuals will be aimed at the offer of interest rates that take into account market conditions, the reserve requirements of the Bank of Russia, which will ensure the increments of the increase and accumulation of invested funds. In the number of interest policy priorities there will be an increase in the share of long-term deposits. The desire to involve "mattress" means of the population in the economic turnover leads to the need to increase the attractiveness and stimulation of growth not only ruble, but also currency deposits. The implementation of such interest policies will allow the Bank to significantly reduce interest and currency risks. Optimizing the structure of deposits in the time of attraction, the Bank will take into account the risk of the unconditional, early deposit review of the deposit, which is provided for by the Civil Code. Many years of experience of the Bank in the deposit market of individuals, an extensive branch network, which ensures the widespread availability of the Bank's services, the established stereotypes of behavior and the motives of savings of various populations have historically led to the formation of the Bank's client base mainly at the expense of retirement agents. Given the social mission, the Bank will retain the priority price conditions on deposits for this group of clients.
The bank considers as a target group of potential customers, the economically active population of the country and young people. The bank will continue to develop and implement a set of measures aimed at bringing to maintain this group of clients, stimulating their savings activity. The Bank will offer the connection of contributing products with credit and insurance, will develop products aimed at meeting the needs of depositors in housing, large purchases, pay for education, tourism and recreation. Attracting and consolidating this group of clients, the creation of a long-term mutually beneficial partnership system will contribute to the development of individual operations support programs in financial markets, confidential management of customer funds, financial consulting, brokerage and agency services, the use of advanced information technologies, including the Internet. Along with the replication of standard competitive banking products focused on the general segments of the population, individual services and contributable products for wealthy customers will be proposed.
Sberbank of Russia will expand the issue of cards of international payment systems focused on the middle class and wealthy customers; International debit cards and microprocessor cards SberBart speakers for listed wages, pensions and social benefits. Improving the level of service, the possibility of using Internet technologies and mobile telephony, the development of acquiring allows you to turn bank cards into a mass product and provide a significant increase in cash flows using bank cards and remnants on client card accounts. The bank plans to increase residues on bank card accounts up to 3-5% of the general attraction of individuals. As the most priority area, the Bank allocates work with enterprises, universities, institutions on the proposal of salary projects.
In order to improve the structure of attracted resources and the provision of competitive price conditions for investment in the real sector of the economy, the Bank puts one of the main tasks in attracting funds to preserve and increase the share in the banking service market of corporate clients. It is planned to increase the share of funds raised from corporate clients to deposits. The goal is supposed to be achieved on the basis of the formation of long-term relationships and mutually beneficial cooperation with clients.
For the successful development of the economy, a healthy banking system is necessary. Strengthening competition in the financial market increases requirements for the level of work of the credit system. One of the elements of its regulation is the correctly formed interest policy of the Commercial Bank (PPKB). If interest rates are formed correctly, the credit institution will have a sufficient level of liquidity and will be able to respond in full and fully and fully.
The concept and essence of the interest policy of a commercial bank
PPKB is a combination of measures in the field of rates for attracting and placing funds that are aimed at ensuring the profitability of the financial institution. It affects such external factors:
- Market state.
- Inflation rate.
- Demand for services.
- Competition level.
- Regulator policy.
- Social environment.
Among external factors can be allocated:
- Spectrum of services provided.
- Personnel qualifications.
- The size and quality of the client base.
The profit of the bank is the difference between the income received in the form of interest from the loan provided, and the amount of funds to be paid on the deposit. The credit institution will make a profit if it can correctly form interest policies.
Directions
The loan percentage and interest policy of commercial banks are formed separately for different market sectors. The official regulator accounting rate is used in short-term loan operations between banks. Separately formed a loan percentage and interest policy of commercial banks in relations with borrowers. RCB rates determine the level of profitability of bonds at the time of their emission and resale in the secondary market.
Deposit operations
Passive includes operations with which the financial institution forms its own resources. These include: attracting funds from legal entities and individuals, accounting, the issuance of the Central Bank, the loans of other financial institutions, etc.
The formation of a commercial bank deposit policy is the main lever in the competitive struggle in the market. Increasing the proposed rate makes it possible to attract resources. If the bank has a sufficient amount of funds raised and few options for their profitable use, it can reduce its deposit rates.
Consider the theoretical foundations for the formation of a commercial bank interest policy. The level of payment on the deposit depends on the amount attracted and the terms of placement of funds. Pricing is carried out after an analysis of the rate ratio that displays the market value of the funds and the cost of servicing each contract. It is worth noting that the interest remuneration is not provided for all types of banking services. So, one of the largest costs of costs are the cost of maintaining current customer accounts. Therefore, additional income on them is not provided. Part of the costs pays the client itself as a fee for carrying out operations.
The average price of attracted deposits is calculated as follows:
SD \u003d RPD / 1 - HP x 100%, where:
- RPD is the average percentage of deposits.
- HP - rate of reserve.
The rate, which takes into account the growth rate of the economy and the level of inflation, is called the nominal richness. In the conditions of an unstable economic situation, financial institutions cannot predict inflation growth rates. Therefore, the analysis of the interest policy of the Commercial Bank on deposits is carried out on the basis of the accounting rate of the NBU. If it is often changing, the clients are offered a floating loan rate. That is, the essence of the interest policy of commercial banks is to form and timely change the bids on the services provided.
Principles of Commercial Bank Deposit Policy
- Rates differ depending on the terms, the volume of attracted resources and customer categories.
- The level of profitability depends on the accounting rate of the regulator and the level of reservation.
- By passive operations, real rates should be installed, that is, they should not exceed the yield on active operations.
Analysis of the interest policy of a commercial bank
The deposit policy of Russian commercial banks determines the level of operating expenses. Therefore, the financial institution, on the one hand, is not interested in high rates, and on the other, it is forced to attract customers with interesting conditions for deposits.
The assessment of the deposit policy of the Commercial Bank is to calculate the value of all attracted resources. The process is carried out in such an algorithm:
- the level of existing rates is determined;
- the dynamics of their change is studied;
- the real cost of resources is calculated;
- changes in deposit costs are analyzed in total costs.
According to the Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities", the Finchoration does not have the right to unilaterally change the rates and the validity of the contracts. Income on the contribution is paid in the form of interest in cash, which are accrued to the deposit balance at the end of the operating day. Depending on the type of deposit, the rate is used in the calculation and the number of days to which resources were involved.
Credit rates
Demand and supply to banking services affect the amount of rates. Today, financial institutions can independently establish competitive rates, focusing on the state of the market, the type of deposit, the amount and specific account. Although the state and today adjusts the level of rates to ensure the priority development of the sectors of the economy. For example, simplifying the lending process of export industries makes it possible to reduce trade deficits and create the same conditions for participants in credit relations.
Interest on loans are formed by the "Basic Station Plus" method. That is, a credit spread (difference in the price of two options) is added to the discount rate. The magnitude of the latter displays the risk level of the borrower bank, which is assigned on the basis of international credit rating. For institutions with the highest rating (AAA), the spread is zero.
For banks that do not have an official rating, the level of risk is estimated independently by the creditor and depends on solvency, reliability, liquidity and other indicators. Rating assessment determines the possibility of borrowing funds through the issuance of deposit certificates and other debt obligations. Institutions with the assessment of "BB" this source is practically unavailable. The credit institution may acquire deposit certificates from other market participants, but under a very high percentage.
Credit Policy Analysis
The level of profitability on active operations depends on:
- official rates of the NBU;
- market conjunctures;
- costs for attracting resources;
- level of the risks of the project;
- the level of solvency of the borrower.
Margin is the difference between the benefits received and paid. It is designed to cover costs, all risks and making profits. The absolute margin is calculated as the difference between total income and expenses and between percentages on individual active operations.
The credit interest policy of the commercial bank displays the principle of resource allocation between bank operations. You can restructure capital based on the liquidity of assets or take resources from the "General Boiler". To select the optimal method of resource allocation, the actual margin coefficient should be calculated:
- KFPM \u003d (% obtained -% paid) / cf. For the period residue assets.
- KFPM for Cred. opera. \u003d (% obtained -% paid for resources) / cf. The balance of credit debt for the period.
The adequacy ratio of the margin shows the minimum level of interest required to cover the bank's expenses. It is calculated to determine the level of rates for future contracts:
To sight. \u003d ((Opera. Costs -% of payment.) + (admin. Costs - other expenses)) / cf. The balance of revenue assets.
COefficates can be calculated on actual data and predicted values. Comparison of indicators for individual operations allows you to estimate the real yield of the selected direction of the bank.
Interest Policy of the Bank of Russia
Having considered how the interest rate policy of the Commercial Bank is being formed, go to the issue of regulating rates by the Central Bank. The Bank of Russia, as a lender of the last instance, is financing institutions and establishes price guidelines. At the macro level, he regulates the money supply, the loan to the real sector of the economy, and on the micro level - regulates the liquidity of organizations.
If the essence of the interest policy of commercial banks is to regulate the level of profitability of a separate institution, then in the case of the Central Bank, the principle of action looks different. If the regulator has a goal to reduce the amount of money supply in circulation to keep inflation, the refinancing rate will increase. As a result, credit rates will increase and the country's credit potential will be reduced. If the goal of the Central Bank is to facilitate the access of banks to refinancing, the rate decreases, and the country's credit potential increases. It should take into account the state of the market and factors that affect the change in the rate. It will be more listed more detailed.
In the same way as the interest rate policy of the commercial bank is aimed at adjusting the level of costs and income of the finachery, the refinancing rate serves as a indicator of changes in the market. Its decline is regarded as a signal to the expansionist policy of the Central Bank, and the increase is to restriction. In this case, the regulator sets rates on individual operations: discount, pawn and open market.
Factors
The process of regulating the money supply by changing the refinancing rate will be effective if:
- Inflation is not constant and is monetary.
- Changing the rate regulates the demand for credit resources. At the same time, the monetary market must have a close relationship with the segment of crediting real sectors of the economy. That is, the value of the bet must balance the level of profitability of borrowers and cover inflationary risks.
- The refinsing rate will not provoke the rise in prices.
- The dynamics of percent changes does not contradict the trends in the money market. Against the background of reducing rates, the demand for interbank loans will grow. In turn, the repo money market must be liquid on long periods of time. Then the rate changes will affect the level of profitability as a whole.
Interest risk and interest policy of a commercial bank in the long term depend on the state of the market, namely:
- The time period through which the rate will have an impact on the level of inflation and the state of the real sector of the economy.
- The effects of reducing market lending. Under equal conditions, raising the refinancing rate will lead to the rise in the cost of loans in the country.
- If the improvement of the deposit policy of the commercial bank is carried out against the background of the growth of confidence in the population to the institution, the changes in the refinancing rate for income institutions will not have much influence.
- Will the financial institutions provide loans to the population and entrepreneurs at the expense of interbank loans.
- The growth rate of refining should not cause an imbalance on RCB.
- The rate adjustment should be improved, and not jumps. In developed countries, including in the Russian Federation, today the rate changes in increments of 0.25 pp. Only with substantial deviations of the real rates of inflation from the planned. With smaller deviations of the costs associated with changes in volatility, will exceed economic benefits.
- The ineffective interest policy of a commercial bank may be the cause of an undeveloped financial sector in the country.
Management of risks
Interest policies carried out at the level of the regulator must restrain inflation, ensure the stability of the national system and contribute to the development of individual sectors of the economy. The risk management system can be built according to one of these principles:
- The larger margin, the lower the percentage risk. In other words, the profitability of active operations should exceed the obligations.
- The essence of the concept of "spread" is to identify the difference between average rates on active and passive obligations. What it is more, the smaller the level of risk.
- The concept of the GAP is to analyze the imbalance of assets and liabilities with a floating rate for exceeding the amounts of assets over liabilities for a certain period.
World trend
One of the principles of the formation of interest policy of banks is the regulation of inflation expectations. If the decisions of the Bank of Russia are aimed at restraining prices, then the Central Bank all over the world is for the purpose of achieving a certain level of inflation. They seek to support the rise in high level prices (2% per year), struggling with deflation. At the same time, experts often criticize the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for keeping the refinancing rate at the level of 9.5%.
The Central Bank of other countries is building their tasks around "inflation purposes." The policy of the Bank of Russia is mainly directed mainly not only to targeting the level of inflation by 4%, but also to maintain the country's economic development as a whole. After the financial crisis of 2008, the regulators became more responsible for the health of the country's economy as a whole. They began to pay more attention to fiscal policies, financial regulation and exchange rates.
Situation in the market
Since the beginning of the year, the refinancing rate at the level of 9.75% twice is exceeding the real level of inflation, which restrains the development of the country's economy as a whole. Business cannot attract investments in new projects. After Western sanctions are maintained, foreign loans have become unavailable to Russian companies. Against the background of the lack of available loans, all the actions of economists for accelerating GDP growth are in vain.
The actions of the Central Bank are more aimed at strengthening the ruble exchange rate. This is also confirmed by a number of economic development scenarios. So, according to the forecasts, in the medium term the price of barrel oil will be $ 40. This will lead to the rise in price of imported, and then domestic goods. Some experts argue that real inflation is 7-8%, and therefore the current refinancing rate is not strongly overestimated. Reducing the refinancing rate will reduce the return on deposits. Interest on deposits in real terms may not cover the level of inflation.
Forecast values
Despite this forecast of the development of the country's economy, April 28, 2017, the Bank of Russia reduced the bid to 9.25%. According to economists, until the end of 2017, the refinancing level will decrease to 8.5%, and by the end of 2018 - up to 7.5%. These changes will affect all Russians.
After a couple of months, the decline in the bet will lead to a decrease in the currency exchange rate. Experts predict that with the growth of imports and the purchase of foreign currency foreign currency, the dollar in June 2017 will cost 60 rubles. At the same time, the decline in the rate reduces the cost of loans, which will affect consumption. Sberbank has already announced a decrease in consumer loans to 13.9%. Loans for individuals will become more affordable, but not for everyone. Accessibility of obtaining loans will be compensated by tightening requirements for borrowers.
The chosen monetary policy of the Central Bank is also aimed at solving another economic problem: entrepreneurs do not invest in their development. The availability of loans should smooth this problem.
In April 2017, the rise in prices was 4.3%. Reducing the rate should further reduce the level of inflation. But in practice, the rise in prices largely depends on the consumer activity of the population, which the Russians have a very weak. In addition, a stable ruble exchange rate and a good harvest are also factors that deterrent inflation.
How real will be forecasts of experts, it will become clear in a couple of months. In the meantime, you can prepare to reduce the cost of consumer loans.
The Bank conducts percentage and tariff policy based on the profitability of operations and assessing market conditions. Significant volumes of selling products and services provided reduce the cost of individual operations and thereby provide the most competitive prices for the Bank's customers.
The main activities of the Bank.
Attraction
As the main sources of attraction of funds, the Bank determines:
· Population savings - the main and most stable investment resource.
· Funds of legal entities - the most dynamically growing component of the bank's liabilities.
· Funds involved in international financial markets are a long-term passive to expand funding for investment projects.
Fig.3 The structure of attracted resources as of 01.01.2000
The Bank's policy in the field of attraction will be aimed at maintaining the leading position in the deposit market of individuals. The population savings will still be the basis of the resource base.
In the number of interest policy priorities there will be an increase in the share of long-term deposits. The implementation of such interest policies will allow the Bank to significantly reduce interest and currency risks. Optimizing the structure of deposits in the timing of attracting, the Bank will take into account the risk of an unconditional early postponement of the deposit, which is provided for by the Civil Code.
In order to improve the structure of attracted resources and the provision of competitive price conditions for investment in the real sector of the economy, the Bank puts one of the main tasks in attracting funds to preserve and increase the share in the banking service market of corporate clients. What will also help reduce the interest risk and increase the volume of non-interest income bank.
The Bank will continue the practice of attracting funds from individuals and legal entities by issuing debt obligations and issuing banking certificates and involves maintaining the share of this type of resources at 6-7% of the amount of funds raised by the Bank.
The role of the leader of the Banking System of Russia, high liquidity and reliability indicators gives the Bank competitive advantages in the interbank market and allow the use of tools to attract funds to ensure short-term liquidity, to reduce the cost of financing current payments, more efficient use of balances on bank accounts.
Borrowing of medium-term and long-term resources among commercial banks as significant sources of resource base of the Bank are not considered.
Accommodation
To achieve basic strategic objectives, the Bank will maintain an optimal relationship between the three main activities in the field of resource accommodation:
· Lending to individuals is a promising segment of the resource placement market.
· Lending, project financing and investment in debt securities of legal entities - the main direction of resource accommodation, promoting the development of the national economy, supporting the domestic producer of goods and services.
· Investments in government securities, lending and participation in the implementation of target state and regional projects are the main form of support for the state economic programs.
As part of the risk management strategy in the formation of assets, the Bank will strive to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity, the balance of the structure of assets and liabilities of the Bank for terms and types of currencies, to ensure the necessary level of diversification by regions, industries, customers and investment sizes. The development of active operations of the bank will be carried out taking into account the evaluation of the effectiveness of various market segments.
Fig.4 The structure of the posted resources as of 01.01.2000
The main directions of optimization of the structure of highly liquid assets will be:
· Minimization of cash balances at the checkout, funds on correspondent accounts in the Bank of Russia, not revenue;
· Increasing the level of profitability of accommodation in accounts in correspondent banks and in interbank deposits;
· Creation of highly liquid trade portfolios of securities of first-class Russian and foreign issuers, providing profitability at the level of the level of money market rates; Placement of funds in short-term financial instruments of the international financial market with fixed risk parameters and profitability.
The main task of the Bank in the field of lending is to increase the qualitative and high-yield loan portfolio based on minimizing and diversifying credit risks. The Bank will continue to creditovaniev the main groups of customers: the population, corporate clients, federal structures and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, credit and financial organizations.
Fig.5 The structure of the loan portfolio in the directions of lending to 01.01.2000
As the economic situation stabilizes in the country and the growth of solvent supply of the population, it is planned to increase the share of loans to individuals in the bank's loan portfolio by increasing the volume of loans provided and services. The Bank involves increasing its share in the population lending market up to 30%.
Decisive factors when making lending decisions will be the effectiveness of the business of the borrower, profitability of the project funded, as well as maintaining stable revolutions on bank accounts
Lending to corporate clients will be carried out in the following main areas: short-term commercial lending, investment lending and project financing.
Short-term lending to corporate clients in rubles and foreign currency for a period of up to one year will be focused on meeting customer needs in working capital. As target groups of this type of lending, customers are allocated with the highest turnover of funds, which are represented by enterprises of light and food industries, the service of life, trade and trading and intermediary enterprises.
The securities portfolio is created as an effective tool for reducing the cost of maintaining short-term liquidity of the bank, a prerequisite for the development of client operations.
Sberbank of Russia considers investment investment in securities as one of the main assets of the bank, a method for effective investment of own funds and resources attracted by customers.
Page 2.
Price policy
Sberbank conducts percentage and tariff policy based on the profitability of operations and assessing market conditions. Significant volumes of products selling and provided services reduce the cost of individual operations and thereby provide the most competitive prices for Sberbank customers.
Sberbank's pricing policy reflects both regional differences and features of operations with the main categories of customers. When providing comprehensive services, Sberbank will take into account the effectiveness of interaction with the client under the general financial result. Sberbank retains socially-oriented interest policy, primarily in the market for attracting funds to the population.
Sberbank has developed systemic approaches to advertising policies, making it an effective tool for forming a client base. Each competitive advantage of Sberbank, every new product offered for sale should be known and understandable to customers, are easily comparable and profitable to differ from the proposals of competitors.
By implementing the principle of transparency, Sberbank will expand cooperation with the media to disseminate reliable information about Sberbank. The amount of information submitted on the Internet will increase significantly, informing customers on the standards of corporate services, the conditions of the proposed products and services, the technological capabilities of Sberbank will improve. Customer seminars and conferences will be included in the practice, targeted advertising campaigns oriented to a specific group of clients will be developed to develop a targeted advertising system.
The main condition for expanding the Sberbank client base is the development of the entire spectrum of banking products and services in order to maximize customer satisfaction. Sberbank considers this direction of work as the main source of ensuring a stable growth of non-consistent component in Sberbank's income, an additional reserve of stability and stability in the event of significant oscillations of market interest rates.
Sberbank determines the following basic tasks for the development of banking services:
Increasing the share of Sberbank in the service market for non-cash cash flows, including social transfers and listed wages. Expanding participation in the operations of maintenance of retail turnover and services, an increase in the share of Sberbank in the market of non-cash payments of the population in favor of enterprises and organizations. The increase in the share of Sberbank in the market of operations with bank cards, as well as currency exchange operations.
The increase in the share of Sberbank in the market of legal entities in rubles and foreign currency. Service of cash flows of state authorities and budgetary organizations.
Significant strengthening of Sberbank's positions in the market of services provided to enterprises and organizations - participants in foreign economic activity.
Sberbank participation in the banking operations market of trust management, servicing property purchase and sale transactions, brokerage and depositary operations.
Priority in the development of this area of \u200b\u200bSberbank's activities will be an increase in the amount of services provided while reducing their cost and improving the quality of standard and individual services.
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