What are electronic payment systems. About electronic payments
Thanks to the Internet, many new things have appeared in the world that greatly simplify life. Among them are various electronic payment systems that allow you to pay for services and transfer funds without leaving your home.
This is Elena Zaitseva, a financial analyst at HeatherBober magazine. I will talk about the features and capabilities of electronic payment systems and analyze the most popular of them. If you want to select or change a service for remote financial transactions you will find a lot of useful information in the article.
1. What are electronic payment systems
An electronic payment system (EPS) is an organization that provides mutual settlements between users on the Internet. The participants in the process are individuals and commercial enterprises, banks and other financial institutions.
EPS activity in Russia is regulated by the state. Main normative act- Law “On the National Payment System”.
Electronic payment systems allow:
- pay public Utilities, mobile communications, television, etc.;
- purchase goods in online stores;
- withdraw funds to bank cards and accounts;
- exchange currency;
- transfer money to other participants in the system, for example, within a business.
The list is incomplete. The possibilities of virtual services are extensive, their functionality is constantly being improved and expanded.
For settlements, electronic money is used - virtual digital units issued by the system.
Features of digital cash:
- Issued only in electronic form.
- Backed by real money.
- Guaranteed by the EPS (issuer) that issued them.
- Stored on electronic media.
- They are recognized not only within the system, but also in settlements with external counterparties.
Virtual money is stored on electronic wallets - this is the name of the user's account in the selected system.
2. How they work
The principle of operation of the EPS is similar to the traditional non-cash transactions. Each user has a personal account, through which settlements are made with counterparties and between their wallets.
Simplified scheme of work is as follows:
- real money is transferred to the user's digital account;
- at the internal rate, the service exchanges for virtual currency;
- the account holder makes the necessary transaction (transfers funds to a private person, buys goods, etc.);
- the counterparty receives electronic currency;
- the system redeems its internal money back, giving traditional ones in return.
After the exchange real money for digital in the amount of receipt, the issuer has obligations to the user. EPS guarantees that, at the request of the participant, the virtual currency will be exchanged for real money.
In order for the use of digital cash to be possible, the recipient organization must accept payment in virtual currency.
Often transactions go through intermediaries.
Example:
The owner of the wallet makes a transfer request virtual money on the bank card. The operation takes place through an intermediary - an organization that accepts digital money, exchanges it for traditional money and transfers it to the specified details.
As a result, the amount in the desired currency, for example, rubles or dollars, comes to the client's account.
Similarly, operations are carried out in favor of companies that do not accept virtual money. Sometimes the role of an intermediary is performed by the EPS itself.
3. How do electronic payment systems earn?
The main income comes from transaction fees. For example, Webmoney, one of the leaders in the digital cash market, withholds 0.8% from each user operation. The tariff applies both to external transfers and to actions between accounts of one user.
Additional income EPS receive from:
- User certifications. There are wallets with different capabilities. To perform an extended set of actions or translate more money, you need to pass certification - provide passport data, confirm your phone number, meet with a company representative for personal identification. Often a fee is charged for the service.
- Use of terminals. You can replenish your wallet in different ways, payment terminal or a partner ATM is one of them. There is a fee for the operation. For example, the Yandex.Money service, depending on the selected terminal, withholds from 0% to 19% for one replenishment.
- Using your own cards. To simplify the input and output of money, EPS issue cards, the maintenance and maintenance of which costs money. The fee is taken for issuance, cash withdrawal, SMS informing and other operations.
The list is incomplete. In addition to the above, there are many other ways to earn money - payment for confirming transactions, commissions from partner organizations, providing intermediary services, etc.
4. Advantages and disadvantages
Electronic transactions are beneficial both for the EPS itself and for its corporate partners. The issuer of virtual currency receives a commission for the transaction, and outlets do not spend money on collection and storage of cash.
The user from such calculations receives:
- convenience - operations are carried out from home or another place with the Internet;
- reliability - subject to the security rules for using the wallet, the service ensures the protection of information and the safety of funds;
- unlimited use - digital cash has no expiration date and does not burn out;
- free support - no fee is charged for wallet maintenance;
- high speed of payments - many transactions are carried out almost instantly, delays are possible when intermediaries are involved;
- transparency - all transactions are recorded, the history of electronic payments can be requested at any time.
But in addition to the advantages, EPS also has disadvantages:
- the need to verify identity - for the full use of the account, you will need to provide personal data and documents;
- restrictions on use - not all companies and trade organizations accept virtual money, although their list is growing;
- commissions - some mandatory fees are significant, which is especially noticeable on large amounts;
- difficulties with recovery - if you lose your password, it will be difficult to resume work due to increased security requirements, you will need to provide a lot of identity information.
Each user will find significant advantages and significant disadvantages. For example, for me, the commission for withdrawing funds from Webmoney to a card is too high. Because of this, I try to minimize the use of virtual money.
Watch the video for an independent expert opinion on the features and prospects of digital cash:
5. What are the types of EPS
There are several types of electronic payment systems. They can be divided by participants in the transaction, by the amount of the transaction, by payment terms, by currency, etc.
More often than others, classification is used according to the moment money is entered into the system. According to it, credit and debit types of EPS are distinguished.
Credit
For settlements between participants of such services, credit cards with additional protection are used - message encryption and digital signature. To carry out the operation, it is required to confirm the creditworthiness and compliance of the provided payment data with reality.
The main feature of such transactions is that first a contract is concluded, and then payment or money transfer is made.
Credit EPS include First Virtual, Open Market, CyberCash, CheckFree and others.
Debit
Almost all international electronic payment systems are debit. The principle of their work is that transfers and payment operations are available to the user strictly after replenishing the account.
Some debit EPS do not use digital cash, but electronic checks.
The principle of their work is as follows:
- The sender of the payment issues a check and certifies it with a virtual signature.
- The document is transferred to the recipient through the arbitration system.
- The service checks the receipt.
- If no violations are found, then payment is accepted.
- Funds from the account of the user who issued the check are transferred to the recipient.
Digital checks use a limited number of systems - NetCash, NetChex, NetCheque and some others.
6. TOP-5 electronic payment systems in Russia
Not all world EPS are known or used in Russia. This is due both to the difficulties with replenishment and withdrawal of funds, and to limitations in application.
webmoney
Considered the market leader. The development of the company began in 1998. During this time, more than 36 million people have joined Webmoney.
The account owner has the right to open an unlimited number of wallets in virtual counterparts of various currencies, including Bitcoin and gold. All accounts are combined into a kind of Keeper vault, each is assigned individual number WMID.
All transactions are instant and irrevocable. The commission for any transaction is 0.8%. To work, you must provide personal data and confirm it. There are several types of certificates. The higher the account status, the more opportunities the user has.
Yandex money
Commercial non-banking organization, licensed by the Central Bank.
The user is prompted to open one of three possible wallets - anonymous, named or identified. The status affects the maximum possible balance on the electronic account and limits on transfers.
NPO Yandex.Money has its own card for paying and withdrawing cash, linked to a wallet. Cost for 3 years - 200 rubles.
PayPal
International EPS unites more than 200 million users. PayPal allows you to pay for purchases online and make transfers both within the country and abroad. You can open both personal and corporate accounts.
The main advantage of the service is that a transfer within the country for a private client will be free when debiting funds from a PayPal wallet. There is also no commission for payment of services.
If the transfer is at the expense of funds on the linked card, then the commission will be 3.4% + 10 rubles for each operation.
Qiwi
Offers simplified registration - to create a wallet, you just need to provide a mobile phone number. When opening an account, the Qiwi service will assign the client the status of Minimum, which, after passing the certification, will be replaced by Basic or Professional.
Through the service, you can pay for services or transfer money. For ease of use, the client is requested to issue free map associated with funds in the wallet.
payeer
The service offers to transfer funds to more than 200 countries in dozens of ways. At the time of this writing (March 2018), 157 online exchangers were announced on the Payeer website.
It is possible to issue a free card and withdraw funds to it without commission.
To understand which service is more profitable to use for withdrawing funds to bank accounts and cards, the data on commissions are summarized in the table:
№ | Service name | Card withdrawal fee | Commission for withdrawal to the account |
1 | webmoney | 2.5% + 40 rubles or 2% if the service finds a counter request from another participant | Depends on the offers of other participants, on average 2% |
2 | Yandex money | 3% + 45 rubles | 3% + 45 rubles |
3 | PayPal | Free, subject to the use of funds from the wallet | |
4 | Qiwi | 2% + 50 rubles | 2% + 15 rubles |
5 | payeer | 0% to 5% | 0% to 5% |
7. Conclusion
Now, knowing the basic information about EPS, you can easily choose the one that suits your needs.
The main thing is to ensure the safety of using the service. Use strong passwords and do not share personal information with anyone. While working on the computer from which you log into your virtual account, do not visit dubious sites and do not follow suspicious links.
Question for readers:
Do you consider the possibilities of virtual money useful for you personally?
We wish you to find a convenient, functional and easy-to-use electronic payment system. If you have any questions, ask them in the comments. We will gladly answer them!
And according to the payment scheme, they are divided into:
- debit(working with electronic checks and digital cash);
- credit(working with credit cards).
Debit systems
Debit payment schemes are built similarly to conventional cash and check schemes.
"Electronic money"completely simulate real money. The organization that manages the payment system - the issuer - issues some electronic analogues of money, called in different systems in different ways (for example, coupons). They are bought by users who use them to pay for purchases, and then the seller redeems them from the issuer. Both banks and non-bank organizations can issue electronic cash. Cons of such systems:
- still not developed one system converting different types electronic money. Therefore, only the issuers themselves can redeem the electronic cash issued by them; in practice, "exchange offices" are used, independent of the systems themselves. For example, funds can be transferred from the Yandex.Money system to the WebMoney system only through third-party sites.
- the use of such money from non-financial structures is not guaranteed by the state.
However, the low transaction cost makes e-cash an attractive tool for online payments.
Electronic checks are analogous to ordinary paper checks. These are the instructions of the payer to his bank to transfer money from his account to the account of the payee or to issue them to the bearer of the check. The difference from paper checks is that:
- firstly, when writing a paper check, the payer puts his real signature, and in the online version - an electronic signature;
- secondly, the checks themselves are issued in in electronic format.
Payment card processing
Internet credit systems are analogous to conventional systems that work with credit and debit cards. The difference lies in the conduct of all transactions via the Internet. In addition, it is necessary to distinguish between virtual debit cards issued by some banks, and real credit and debit cards. Prepaid virtual debit cards are a complete analogue of a regular Visa or similar card that is accepted on the Internet. The difference is that the card is not printed in plastic. Everything is reported to the owner. payment details such a card and, from the point of view of an outside observer, the payment is made with a regular plastic card. Such a card is easier to buy, since the issuance of such a card is carried out without verifying the identity of the owner. On the other hand, such cards, as a rule, do not provide for the possibility of replenishing the account.
Links
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "Electronic payment" is in other dictionaries:
electronic payment- Technology of payment for the cost of goods and services using electronic money. [Hypertext encyclopedic dictionary on computer science by E. Yakubaitis] Topics Information Technology in general EN electronic payment … Technical Translator's Handbook
Payment made over computer networks. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms
PAYMENT, ELECTRONIC Big accounting dictionary
PAYMENT, ELECTRONIC- payment made by electronic means of communication ... Big Economic Dictionary
Electronic money- (Electronic money) Electronic money is monetary obligations issuer in electronic form Everything you need to know about electronic money history and development of electronic money, transfer, exchange and withdrawal of electronic money in various payment systems ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Regulation of electronic payments: world experience- Electronic payments on the Internet today are based on two key technologies. In the first case, the transaction is carried out by withdrawing funds from credit card buyer seller. The second way is to use digital cash. ... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers
Yandex money- (Yandex money) Yandex.Money is the world electronic payment system Yandex Money payment system: registration, opening a wallet, replenishment and withdrawal of funds Contents >>>>>>>>>> Yandex.Money is defined ... Encyclopedia of the investor
bank check- (Bank check) Definition bank check, types of checks, content of a check Information about the definition of a bank check, types of checks, content of a check Contents Contents Definition Types and Concept and legal nature of a check Contents of a check Relations ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Electronic money is a means of payment that exists exclusively in electronic form, that is, in the form of records in specialized electronic systems. As a rule, transactions take place using the Internet, but it is possible ... ... Wikipedia
Receipt- (Check) Concept of check, types of check, content of check Concept of check, types of check, content of check, collection of checks Contents Contents Section 1. Concept, types and legal nature. Section 2. Contents of the check. Section 3. Check receipt mechanism. Section 4… Encyclopedia of the investor
The volume and number of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation is steadily growing. This is evidenced by data from analytical agencies and reports banking system country. A large share of this market is occupied by electronic wallets. They are in third place after bank cards and Internet banking. found out which electronic payment systems in Russia have gained the highest popularity, and what alternatives this payment method has.
The concept of EPS
Electronic payment systems(EPS) are designed for online settlements between financial institutions, Internet users and business partners. These can be payments for goods in online stores, for services or private transfers. This type of payment compared to offline payment has a number of undeniable advantages:
- minimum time for the operation;
- saving money compared to making payments through a bank or mail;
- modern ways to protect information when making payments, which are provided for all online systems;
- ease of replenishing the balance through online services, banks and payment terminals;
- ease of payment - no paperwork to fill out, so the likelihood of errors is lower.
Payments through EPS are so widespread at present that only in Russia there are several dozen. Large systems who work in different countries received international status. They allow cross-border payments and transfers.
EPS is most often used for:
- payments for purchases;
- transfers of individuals or between individuals and companies;
- payments for mobile communications, the Internet, fines and other types of services.
Two participants are involved in payment through EPS: the store and the client. If the transaction is using a bank card, then the card issuer and the acquirer organization are connected, which processes the payment.
To understand how the process of exchanging money and information goes, it is more convenient to consider the payment scheme for goods:
- The buyer selects the purchase and initiates the payment.
- The seller receives the data and sends it to the payment system.
- The buyer confirms the payment in the EPS. If the payment is made from a bank card, the payment system generates a request from the acquiring bank to the issuing bank.
- When the payment is confirmed, the acquiring system transfers money from the payer's current account to the seller's balance account.
A simple settlement procedure makes them more and more popular with sellers and buyers, taking out cash.
How Internet settlements developed in Russia
Modern electronic payment systems in Russia did not appear immediately. The first in the Russian Federation in 1997 was CyberPlat. Payment through it for the services of "Beeline" took place a year later in March 1998. At the beginning of the 2000s, several EPS were already functioning:
- PayCash, eventually transformed into Yandex.Money;
- RUPay, later transformed into RBK Money:
- WebMoney, which has gained the greatest popularity on Russian market.
The distribution of EPS depends on a number of factors, but first of all, users pay attention to the ease of registration. First mass system in the Russian Federation became WebMoney. Since 2007, Yandex.Money began to compete with the leader. And after the launch of the Russian EPS Qiwi and the installation of a large number of terminals within walking distance, the service entered the top three.
Legislators did not immediately tackle the issue of regulating the electronic payment market. But in 2011, the situation was corrected by Federal Law No. 161. It describes the main rules and regulations in the field of payment systems in Russia.
Despite the quality service and good technical elaboration, EPS did not immediately become widespread among Russians. At first, it was used only for payments on foreign sites. But today the system is ousting recognized Russian leaders.
From 2010 to 2018, the number of non-cash payments in Russia increased 34 times, from 5 to 172 transactions per inhabitant of the country. Such data leads BCG. The Russian Federation came out on top in the world in terms of the number of secure token transactions. Russia is also the largest European player in terms of the volume of transactions carried out through virtual wallets.
The largest number of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation goes through Yandex.Money, Online Sberbank and client cards. And in 2018, the percentages were distributed as follows:
The main users of Internet banking 93.9% and electronic systems 82.2% of payments are persons 25-34 years old. Cards are preferred by 94.4% of Russians aged 35-44.
Three Russian leaders in the field of XPS
In Russia, the most popular electronic payment systems are WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi. Consider their features and rules in more detail. The rating and the leader are constantly changing, and if 3-5 years ago WebMoney was in the first place, then in 2019 it is POISON.
WebMoney
In 1998, the WebMoney system was the first of the international ones to enter the Russian electronic payment market. Until now, it is in the TOP-3 leaders of Russia, but gradually the number of participants decreases, they go to other EPS.
To start using the system, you will need to register on the company's website, specify personal data, mobile phone and email. Most of the functionality will become available only after identity verification. To do this, you will need to scan your passport or personally approach the nearest representative office of the company.
WebMoney has two versions: desktop and mobile. It is safe to carry out settlements between participants and pay for services in the system. You can order the issuance of a bank card to withdraw money or pay for goods offline.
The main advantage of the system is the number of supported currencies. A user can have up to 7 money wallets at the same time in:
- Russian rubles;
- Euro;
- dollars;
- hryvnia;
- Belarusian rubles;
- tenge;
- Vietnamese dong.
Therefore, the system is widespread not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the CIS and countries of near and far abroad. Registration of wallets in gold or in cryptocurrencies is also available.
Qiwi
The Qiwi service has spread very rapidly in Russia since 2001, thanks to the widespread installation of the company's terminals. The payment system entered the market with the desire to become a monopoly in the field of receiving and making payments. Qiwi appeared on the Internet in 2007 after modernization. The services of Qiwi terminals are used even by those citizens who do not like to make payments via the Internet.
To register a virtual wallet, you need a mobile phone. To gain access to advanced functionality, you will need personal identification. The system works with four currencies: Russian rubles, dollars, euros and tenge. Access to the wallet is possible from the site or application.
If the owner of the wallet pays with money without withdrawing them, you can issue a bank card. And from it to pay offline. When applying for loans in Qiwi, cardholders can make purchases on credit. You can replenish the balance at the cash desks of banks, card accounts or mobile balances.
Installment card Conscience QIWI bank
Yandex money
The payment system has evolved since 2002 on the basis of cooperation between Yandex and PayCash. The wallet is linked to the owner's phone number. To expand the list of available functions, you must go through or send a scanned copy of a civil passport certified by a notary. The main currency for settlements is the Russian ruble, but for conversion or transfer, you can open accounts in:
- Euro;
- tenge;
- Belarusian rubles;
- pounds sterling;
- yuan;
- Swiss francs;
- crowns;
- yen;
- zł.
Through this EPS, you can send money to other users, pay for goods, providers and make other payments. You can replenish the Poison wallet from a card account, from a mobile phone, from the offices of banks and partners, or at payment terminals. Some clients apply for loans in Yandex.Money in order not to pay additional commissions to the bank and use borrowed money when paying for purchases and services.
Credit card Alfa-Bank Yandex.Plus
Credit card Tinkoff Yandex.Plus
In the Poison service, you can issue a card and link it to a virtual wallet. This will facilitate the process of paying with electronic money in real life without cashing out, searching for places and withdrawal methods.
What are the alternatives for electronic systems
On the Internet, payments are made not only with the help of electronic payment systems. Many banks are developing their own remote services for remote customer access to personal accounts and transactions. This is internet banking mobile app, Bank-Client for individual entrepreneurs or big companies.
It is beneficial for banks that the majority of customers use remote services. Cashless payments, payments and transfers reduce costs credit institution. Therefore, for Internet banking users or mobile versions additional benefits and preferences are provided. These can be settlements and payments without commission or with a lower percentage than in bank offices, or online currency exchange at a more favorable rate for a private person. The main advantage of online banking is that there is no need to withdraw money anywhere, payments are made directly from the account.
In addition, money transfer systems are used for settlement. They have low commissions and money reaches Russia in minutes. They can be received in cash or credited to the recipient's bank account. In the Russian Federation, the most popular were:
- Western Union;
- Contact;
- Leader;
- Gold Crown;
- Unistream.
Tariffs for forwarding in different systems vary in the range of 100-1000 rubles or 1-1.5% of the amount. With their help, Russians can send money around the country without virtual wallets or online banking.
Advantages and disadvantages of EPS
When choosing an electronic payment system, it is desirable to conduct a comparative analysis of tariffs, interface, ease of registration, as well as restrictions introduced by the developer. For ease of assessment and clarity, all the advantages and disadvantages of EPS are summarized in a table.
Description | Advantages | disadvantages |
WebMoney | The largest list of available currencies, including work with cryptocurrency Highly qualified technical support High level of data protection Mass distribution in the CIS countries |
Paid transfer within the system 0.8% Complicated procedure for withdrawing funds from the wallet High interest on cashing out from 2% No direct transfer to other electronic payment systems Big deposit fee |
Qiwi | Convenient and clear registration A large number of branded terminals and free replenishment of the balance Making your own cards Transfers within the payment system free of charge |
High fee for cashing out from 2.5% to 4% Daily limit for withdrawal and transfer of money 15 thousand rubles |
Yandex money | Intuitive interface Making your own card for offline payments and Free intrasystem payments and transfers Transfer to holders of other wallets 3%, minimum 15 rubles |
Possible wallet locks when transferring to unknown cards, but on the other hand, this complicates access for attackers |
Internet banking | Permanent access to bank accounts and transactions Commissions for transfers and operations are lower than at cash desks and offices or are absent at all Commissions for depositing and withdrawing money from accounts at rates approved by the bank |
Transactions and amounts of payments and transfers can be subject to daily and monthly limits |
Money transfers | Low interest rate for sending money within the country Free cash withdrawal to the recipient of the transfer A large number of points of issue and departure High processing speed Ability to transfer money abroad or receive money from there |
Transfers using systems are prohibited for transactions related to commercial activities The systems have restrictions on maximum amount one translation |
XPS Market Trends
The well-known PayPal and the new VK Pay are gaining more and more popularity in the domestic EPS market. This system of electronic payments appeared later than all the others. But already in 2018, the VK Pay service accounted for 15.4% of users of all non-cash payments in the Russian Federation. More often payment system used by young people aged 18-24. Rest electronic services chosen by Russians aged 25-34 years.
The choice of an electronic payment system should be approached very carefully. You can open multiple virtual wallets at the same time. At the same time, the main thing is to pay attention to what commissions are provided for annual maintenance or with a long inactivity of the owner. So, for example, in the absence of payments and transfers to Yandex.Money for two years, the user is charged 270 rubles a month.
At the same time, all EPS strive to attract as many users as possible. Promotions, bonuses, discounts, cashbacks for payments made through an electronic wallet are provided for them.
Security
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for 6 months of 2019, the number of cases of fraud using electronic means of payment increased by 8 times compared to 2018. And fraud in receiving payments related to electronic settlements increased by 27.6% over the same period. Therefore, legislators are constantly putting forward initiatives to increase security measures when using Internet wallets.
In mid-summer 2019, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation approved a bill prohibiting anonymous replenishment of virtual wallets. As experts predict, if the law is adopted, it will reflect badly on the market.
Owners of electronic money and online banking are obliged to independently monitor the security of their data, in addition to relying on protection within the system. At the same time, it is important:
- not to transfer information about the login, password, code word, key request and other identification methods provided in the system to anyone;
- carefully look at the address field of the site where the payment takes place, at the beginning of the line on protected resources there is a lock icon;
- systematically check the protection of your laptop, tablet, computer and smartphone for viruses and malware;
- not to voice or send to anyone the code that the payment system sends to confirm the payment;
She completed full-time studies at PSU and received a diploma with honors in the qualification of "Economist", with specializations in "Economics and Management" and "Computer Technologies". After graduation, she worked in a bank in positions from a teller to acting. Head of Private and Corporate Clients Department. Successfully passed certification, education and training on banking service. Total work experience in the bank is more than 15 years. At Brobank, he holds the position of an expert in the field financial literacy visitors.
The procedure for using electronic means of payment is regulated by the norms of the Law of June 27, 2011 No. 161-FZ “On the National Payment System”. The use of such resources is subject to availability current contract between the client and the transfer operator Money. It is the responsibility of the operator to notify the client about the conditions for the functioning of the resource, about the existing limiting factors. For each completed operation, the client receives a notification from the operator serving him, which is provided for by the norms of Art. 9 of Law No. 161-FZ.
Electronic means of payment: what applies to them
The definition of this concept is given in paragraph 19 of Art. 3 of Law No. 161-FZ. The term "electronic means of payment" characterizes the methods of transferring funds through operators according to instructions certified by the owner of the money. Funds are transferred to non-cash form using specialized software or technical devices.
Using electronic means of payment, you can pay for purchased goods, for work performed and services rendered. The main condition is that the operator must receive an instruction from the client about the need to remittance. In the role of the payer can be as a business entity ( entity or IP), and private individual not engaged in business activities.
An electronic means of payment is:
bank cards (both debit and credit);
"Client-bank", installed on the client's computer, so that he can generate payment orders and electronically send them to servicing bank for making payments;
Yandex.Money system, with which you can make payments without a card, with virtual card or using a full-fledged plastic card ordered through a payment service; WebMoney system, etc.
Settlements by electronic means of payment - is it necessary to use CCP
The procedure for using cash registers is regulated by the Law of May 22, 2003 No. 54-FZ (as amended on July 3, 2018). This legal act including cases are recorded when monetary transactions no need to "punch" through the online checkout. If an individual who is not a business entity acts as a client paying for goods, services or work, the use of cash registers for non-cash payments is a prerequisite. The rule also applies to online stores.
Law No. 54-FZ refers to an electronic means of payment as one of the forms of cashless payments. If we are talking on the receipt of funds from individual buyers, it does not matter in what way the transfer was made. The main thing is the fact of transferring money, but how it was implemented by the buyer/client is not important. This aspect does not take into account the actual distance between the seller and the buyer, the presence or absence of personal contact between them. Money can be transferred through a bank, through a terminal, through Internet payment services or using a virtual card. In any of listed cases the operation must be carried out at the checkout, and the buyer must issue a check on the day of purchase or the next business day, but not later date transfer of goods (clause 5.4, article 1.2 of Law No. 54-FZ).
When settlements occur between counterparties - enterprises or individual entrepreneurs, the following nuances are taken into account:
if an electronic means of payment with the presentation of a card is used, the transfer of funds is carried out through a POS-terminal, the operation must be recorded by cash registers, a check is knocked out;
if a non-cash payment is made through a bank by issuing a payment order, such receipts of funds do not need to be made through an online cash desk.
An electronic means of payment can be used both to pay for shipped goods and to transfer an advance to the seller. In both cases, in order to comply with the norms of Law No. 54-FZ, it is necessary to distinguish between receipts from counterparties by type of transfer - with or without presentation of a means of payment.
The difference in approaches to assessing the need to use cash register equipment in the case of accepting payments from individuals and from business entities (individual entrepreneurs and legal entities) is special purpose products. When an individual without IP status buys a thing for his own use, to meet his needs, the person himself is the final link in the consumption of the product. A business entity makes a purchase for resale of products or their processing, operation as a production element. In fact, for him, the purchase will act as a means of extracting additional material gain which is not typical for the situation with individuals.
Anatoly Oparin / April, 2018
Electronic payments- not at all new, but only recently widely stepped into the masses, the technology of payment for goods and services, practiced throughout the civilized world. Such payments are beneficial to both the buyer and the seller, each in their own way, with the presence of common merits.
Buyer relieved of the need to carry paper money with him (with a number of electronic payment methods), he can pay in online stores and online services without leaving their home around the clock, he can also pay for services with the Internet that are not connected in any way, for example, for housing and communal services and a mobile phone, in the account of his payment system, he sees the statistics of expenses and receipts ...
Salesman also benefit from the fact that his product / service is available for sale 24/7, sales reporting is always available for him ... There are many methods for making electronic payments when the seller does not have to maintain a cash register and a girl at the checkout still have to pay wages.
Electronic payment methods
Electronic payment methods are the following:
Acceptance of payment cards as a means of payment for goods, works, services is called acquiring. It is carried out by an authorized acquiring bank by installing payment terminals or imprinters at trade or service enterprises. In the case of acquiring, money "travels" through electronic networks, so such transactions can be equated to electronic payments.
Exists internet acquiring- acceptance for payment of bank cards and electronic money via the Internet using a specially designed web interface.
There are also mobile acquiring- a technology that allows you to accept payment for goods or services with bank cards using a smartphone or tablet computer and an mPOS terminal connected to them (mobile Point Of Sale - a mobile point of sale).
Sometimes a company, a payment provider (about them - in the next section of the article), which integrates Internet or mobile acquiring in the business processes of the buyer is also called the acquirer.
Some banks offer, and payment providers implement, such a service as invoicing. This is an invoice to the buyer in his account in the Internet client of the bank. Sberbank, Alfa-Bank have such a service. This method inspires confidence in the buyer, because. money does not instantly leave his account, but wait for confirmation of withdrawal in a trusted place, in personal account bank user. So, if an attacker got hold of the buyer's card details and made a purchase in an online store, and the invoice came to the real buyer's account, then he simply will not pay for this fake purchase.
With some stretch, we can talk about the electronic nature of the payment with this payment method, when the seller writes out in his Internet service electronic code , which is entered by the buyer in an offline terminal (Svyaznoy, Euroset, CONTACT) to pay for the service in cash.
Electronic payment systems and their providers
Payment systems
To carry out electronic payment need to exist payment system, to which the buyer and seller are connected. Electronic payment systems are a type of payment systems that provide electronic payment transactions through computer networks (usually the Internet) or special chips. Electronic payment systems are debit (electronic money) and credit (credit cards).
The most popular electronic payment systems for Russia:
Payment providers
So, connecting the buyer and the seller to the same payment system - necessary condition for a successful transaction. But this is not enough for the seller if he wants to reach buyers from different payment systems. This is where companies come into play. payment providers who may also refer to themselves as payment integrators or payment aggregators. The essence of their activity is to provide the seller with services for making electronic payments by various methods from various electronic and not only payment systems. This “one-stop-shop” approach allows the seller not to deal with each payment system separately, he concludes only one contract with the payment provider, he is relieved of the need to reconfigure his internal payment infrastructure when connecting an additional payment method. But once the developers are still required to set up a payment acceptance system.
The most famous providers of electronic payments:
There are quite a lot of them on the Russian market - more than 30. They organize payment services by bank cards, through electronic wallets and mobile devices, and take care of the security of transactions. When choosing a payment provider, you should pay attention to the year of foundation, the commission for services, the timing of receipt of money to the seller's account, the range of supported payment methods, the quality and quantity of the company's customers.
Simplified processing scheme
Without going into unnecessary (for the very initial presentation) details of the interaction of participants in the implementation of a payment transaction, let's sketch the following scheme:
- The buyer presses the [Buy] button in the showcase of the online store in the list of goods.
- Product information is sent to the payment provider's system.
- The payment provider generates a purchase form (see below for an example form) with a choice of payment method.
- The buyer selects the appropriate method and presses the [Pay] button.
- Information with the data of the goods and the buyer enters the system of the payment provider.
- The payment provider sends data to the payment system according to the selected method.
- After various checks, the payment system will transfer the money from the buyer's account to the account of the online store.
After that, the payment provider and / or payment system informs the buyer about the purchase. The seller delivers the goods to the buyer.
Electronic payment scenarios
IT specialist, who is considering the implementation of a payment system for his conditional store, should decide which payment scenarios will be used when paying for goods / services of the store. Scenario examples:
Integration of electronic payment systems
Integration of the payment provider system with merchant sites possible in several ways:
Payment Link
This is the most elementary way, in which the developer only has to place a button like [Buy] on the seller's website, after clicking on which the buyer will be presented with a link to pay for the order by e-mail or on the page in the browser.
Payment module in CMS
Most selling sites operate on CMS (Content Management System - site content management system). Payment providers, as a rule, have in their arsenal modules for the most popular CMS (WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Bitrix…).
The module can usually be loaded from within the administrative area of the CMS. The user manual is attached to the module.
API
Application programming interface (application programming interface) allows the developer to more flexibly customize the operation of payment systems on the merchant's website than the two above methods, which, however, also use the API, but in a hidden and undocumented way with reduced capabilities.
The API is written, maintained, documented and published by the owner of the payment system.
The essence of the integration work is to create static and generate dynamic pages on the site according to the purchase logic developed by analysts. Payment scenarios and conditions for their implementation are thought out and implemented. An online store must have a seller's identifier so that the payment system can use it to find out to whom to transfer the buyer's money.
As an illustrative example of the integration process, we can cite the code and front-end of the Very Good Book purchase form:
Here, the HTML code on the left is interpreted by the browser into the form on the right (the photo of the book and the title do not apply to the form). Let's take a closer look at the form elements and element parameters:
According to the rules of good web-programming, it is not enough for a developer to just correctly create such a form for the product selected by the user. You also need to write a Javascript handler before sending it to the server. Javascript will parse the form data on the client side and promptly inform the client about incorrectly filled fields. In this case, you should:
A form can support more options than the above. See the API documentation for a list with explanations.
The handler may return an error code. There are many options for errors. The developer must ensure that they are read, correctly identified and adequately responded to.
Code protection payment form from unauthorized interference on the client side or on the way from the store to the processor, you need to somehow ensure, for example, using an EDS (electronic digital signature). To work with EDS, the developer will need knowledge of the server language, such as PHP, and documentation from the payment provider.
The API can ensure that the check is sent to tax service in accordance with federal law FZ-54 "On the use of cash registers in the implementation of cash settlements and (or) settlements using payment cards." According to this law, from February 1, 2017, cash registers must send electronic versions checks to the operator of fiscal data, and from July 1, 2017, Russian online stores are required to update cash desks and start issuing checks for online payments.
Internal payment system
If you are a large seller, you want to keep almost all processing traffic in your IT infrastructure and have maximum functionality, then it makes sense to install the entire payment system of the payment provider.
Deploying, configuring and maintaining such a system will require highly skilled developers.
Anatoly Oparin(when reprinting, indicate authorship)
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