Will there be bankrupt regions in the country? The first bankrupt regions appeared in Russia (2 photos) When the whole city is bankrupt.

The volume of public debt in 33 regions decreased, in 49 it increased; in eight regions, the volume of public debt exceeds their own budget revenues, as evidenced by the results of a study by the RIA Rating agency, which is part of the MIA Rossiya Segodnya media group.

The total volume of public debt of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the end of 2016 increased by 1.5% and, according to the information of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2017, amounted to 2.353 trillion rubles. According to RIA Rating experts, this is the smallest increase in public debt over the past few years. In 2015, the state debt of the regions of the Russian Federation increased by 11%, in 2014 - by 20%, in 2013 - by 28.6%. At the same time, budget loans account for an increasing share in the structure of the regional public debt. In 2016, the regions of the Russian Federation were actively replacing commercial debt with cheap budget loans.

To determine the level of debt burden, RIA Rating experts have compiled a rating of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation by the level of debt burden, which reflects the picture of the distribution of regional debts and their dynamics in 2016. The study used data from the Federal Treasury and the RF Ministry of Finance on debt obligations and revenues of regional budgets. As an indicator of the debt burden, the compilers used in the rating the ratio of the state debt of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2017 to the tax and non-tax revenues of the regional budget (own revenues) for 2016.

New Leaders

Low level debt burden is still observed in nine Russian regions, but their composition has slightly changed compared to last year. Less than 10% of the volume of tax and non-tax budget revenues is state debt in the Tyumen region, the cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow, the Altai Territory and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO).

The places of those who left the leading group of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Crimea were taken by the Leningrad Region and the Primorsky Territory. There is no public debt in the Sakhalin Oblast and Sevastopol. Five regions in the group managed to reduce their debt burden. In the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Tyumen Region debt burden increased.

Less skewed regions

The Republic of Mordovia has closed the rating on the debt burden of the regions of the Russian Federation for several years, but here, according to experts, there are positive changes. At the end of 2016, the debt burden on the budget of the republic in 2016 decreased by 6.5 percentage points, which is due to an increase of 15.7% in the volume of tax and non-tax revenues of the region. The very same public debt of the Republic of Mordovia increased by 11.6% due to budget loans and a bonded loan in the amount of 5 billion rubles, placed in September 2016.

In addition to the Republic of Mordovia, in seven other Russian regions the volume of public debt exceeds the own budget revenues, but, in comparison with 2015, their number has almost halved. As of January 1, 2015, there were 14 such regions. In addition, there are positive trends in this part of the rating: in five regions out of eight, the debt burden decreased over the past year, and in all cases this was due to the outstripping growth of tax and non-tax revenues in comparison with an increase in public debt.

Judging by the debt structure, not everyone in the last group of regions took advantage of the opportunity to substitute more expensive commercial loans for lending through the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. If in the structure of the debt of the Smolensk region and the Republic of Karelia budget loans occupy more than half, and their share in 2016 increased to 58.8% and 51.7%, respectively, then in a number of regions there are structural distortions towards commercial loans.

So, in the Astrakhan region the share of commercial loans is 50.5%, in the Kostroma region - 52.6%, in the Jewish Autonomous Region - 61%, the Republic of Mari El - 67.7%. Besides, v In the Republic of Khakassia, almost half of the national debt (49.8%) falls on bonds and another 37.3% on commercial loans. The debt burden in Khakassia in 2016 increased by 28.7 percentage points and amounted to 145.5%. If the debt policy in the republic does not undergo any cardinal changes, then in the near future the Republic of Khakassia may displace the Republic of Mordovia from the position of the region closing the rating, experts say.

As of January 1, 2017, in 54 regions of the Russian Federation, the state debt exceeded 50% of the volume of tax and non-tax budget revenues, of which in 36 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the state debt exceeds 70% of their own revenues. Compared to the previous year, the number of regions in this group has slightly decreased.

Decrease in debt burden

The overall level of the regions' debt burden has decreased over the past year. The ratio of the total public debt of all regions as of January 1, 2017 to the total volume of tax and non-tax revenues for 2016 was 33.8%, which is 2.7 percentage points lower than a year earlier. But at the same time, the range of values ​​in the regional context remains quite wide. The debt burden ranged from 0% in the Sakhalin Oblast and Sevastopol to 176% in the Republic of Mordovia. Compared to last year's results, the ranking of leaders and outsiders in the ranking has not changed.

In 2016, the level of debt burden decreased in 63 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The Republic of Ingushetia became the leader in positive dynamics, the debt burden of which decreased by 36.8 percentage points due to a decrease in public debt by 26% and an increase in its own income by 9.4%. In addition, the debt burden decreased by more than 20 percentage points in the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania, the Vologda Oblast, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Altai Republic. In thirteen Russian regions, the debt burden decreased by 10–20%.

In 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the level of debt burden increased, of which in six - by more than 10%. The Republic of Khakassia once again showed the most significant growth, increasing its debt burden by 28.7 percentage points. In addition to it, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the debt burden increased by 25.2 percentage points, and in the Astrakhan region - by 24.1 percentage points.

The growth of public debt with a decrease in load

According to RIA Rating experts, in 2016 the absolute volume of public debt increased in 49 regions, remained unchanged in the Vladimir region, and decreased in 33 regions. In the city of Sevastopol and the Sakhalin region, there is no public debt. The leader in positive dynamics was Moscow, whose national debt, including due to the full repayment of commercial loans, decreased by 56%. In addition, the volume of public debt decreased by more than 30% in Leningrad region and in the Kamchatka Territory.

The Republic of Crimea, where until recently there was almost no public debt, in 2016 increased the volume of public debt by 13 times. In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the volume of public debt has grown 3 times, and in the Tyumen region - by 83%. But the ratio of public debt to tax and non-tax revenues in these regions is far from risky levels.

The Krasnodar Territory is still the leader in terms of the absolute value of public debt, and over the past 2016 its volume increased by 3.3%, reaching 150 billion rubles. But due to the growth of tax and non-tax revenues by 15.4%, the level of the region's debt burden decreased by 10.3 percentage points, and amounted to 88.2% at the end of 2016. In three other regions - the Republic of Tatarstan, the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Moscow Region - the volume of public debt exceeds 90 billion rubles, but the situation with the debt burden on the regional budgets remains at an acceptable level.

Forecasts

V recent times the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation is increasingly calling for the regions to use bonded loans more actively, the servicing of which will cost the regions cheaper than loans from commercial banks; it also says that budget loans are rather a temporary, anti-crisis measure that cannot exist on a permanent basis.

The rating compilers found confirmation of this. In the Federal budget for 2017, only 200 billion rubles are reserved for budget lending against 338 billion rubles issued in 2016. RIA Rating experts expect their further reduction.

In addition, budget loans were issued for a period of 3 years, and this year the deadline for the return of those loans that were received by the regions in 2014 in the amount of 230 billion rubles is coming. Even taking into account the fact that the amount of subsidies intended in 2017 for the equalization of regional budgets has been increased by 100 billion rubles, the Ministry of Finance's money will not be enough for everyone. At the expense of the budget reserve, at best, the current debt to the RF Ministry of Finance is refinanced.

Experts suggest that due to stabilization financial markets, we can expect a surge in regional activity in the debt market and an increase in the share of state valuable papers in the regional debt structure. Speaking about the absolute amount of debt, it can be assumed that in the context of the expected weak economic growth, the conservative policy of the regional authorities with regard to borrowing will continue, and the situation with regional debts as a whole will continue to improve.

According to the results of 2017, RIA Rating experts expect an increase in the volume of public debt by 5-7%, and tax and non-tax revenues of regional budgets - within 10%. In this case, the debt burden will be 32-33%, and compared to the result of 2016, it will not change significantly.

Maxim Kalashnikov
Let's open the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and find out that if on May 1, 2012, before the May devastating decrees, the debts of the regions amounted to 1,161 billion rubles, and the debts of municipalities - 194 billion rubles, then by February 1, 2015 they had grown to 2092 and 306, respectively. , 5 billion - that is, 1.8 and 1.6 times! Can you imagine how to pay 2.4 trillion rubles if the annual income of a typical debtor region - the Kostroma region - is only 13 billion?
The first six months of 2015 - according to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the total volume of public debt of all regions of the Russian Federation increased in the first six months of this year by 1.5% and amounted to 2.121 trillion rubles.

Now the money that was ditched in Sochi would be useful for solving the crisis of regional budgets. And the no less senseless spending on the APEC summit in Vladivostok - $ 13 billion - would also come in handy. Or for the upcoming football games of 2018 - there are still at least $ 20 billion in expenditures from the treasury of all levels and loans from state banks. For it’s a no brainer that these Olympic-football costs will never pay off.

What is the financial collapse of twenty regions? This is a threat of massive non-payment of salaries to public sector employees, kapets local health care, a disaster with housing and communal services and heating seasons. This is the threat of riots in at least a part of the country with a population of under 30 million souls. This means that the Kremlin will have to introduce external management of the regions and look for huge amounts of money for their maintenance. In addition to the maintenance of Crimea, as well as the unprofitable autonomies of the North Caucasus, Abkhazia, South Ossetia. To the inevitable costs of saving the destroyed Donbass - you can't get away from them. Moreover, against the background of falling world oil prices and Western sanctions, which have already deprived the Russian Federation of 2.6 trillion. rubles of federal budget revenues for 2015. All that remains is to organize collective prayers at the Sochi stadiums: maybe funds will pour out of them?
full text -
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Situation at the end of summer 2015.
At the beginning of July 2015, the number of regions in which the volume of public debt exceeds the volume of their own revenues increased to fourteen. At the beginning of 2015, there were ten such regions.
RIA-rating data
http://riarating.ru/regions_rankings/20150728/610664922.html
So, a dozen leaders emerged in the race to ruin.
This is the Republic of Mordovia, where the ratio of public debt to its own budget revenues was 173%, North Ossetia - 119.8, Kostroma region - 115.9%, Smolensk region - 110.4%, Republic of Karelia - 108.9%, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - 108 , 3%, Republic of Khakassia - 108.1%, Karachay-Cherkess Republic - 107%, Trans-Baikal Territory - 105.6%, Astrakhan Region - 105%, Udmurt Republic - 101.4%, Belgorod Region - 101.3%, Saratov region - 101.2% and the Republic of Mari El - 100.4%.
In the Krasnodar Territory, even despite the reduction in debt burden by 2.2 pp to 90.5%, the situation remains tense.
Although RIA-rating notes that the regions 'debts to commercial banks are no longer growing, it is mainly the regions' debts to the federal center that are growing. decreased to 37.7%. On the other hand, the share of budget loans, on the contrary, increased from 31% to 36.9% over six months. Government securities in the total volume of regional government debt amid unfavorable market conditions stock market decreased - their share decreased from 21.2% to 19.5%, and government guarantees - a little more (their share increased from 5.3% to 5.9%).
At the end of the first half of 2015, in the 51st Russian region, the level of public debt is 50% higher than the volume of annual tax and non-tax budget revenues, among them 33 of them have more than 70% of their own revenues. At the beginning of 2015, there were 46 and 26 such regions, respectively.

A low level of debt burden - below 10% of the volume of tax and non-tax revenues - is observed only in nine Russian regions. Their composition has hardly changed over the past six months. These are the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Sakhalin Oblast, which have no public debt, Tyumen region, St. Petersburg, Altai region, Khanty-Mansiysk district- Ugra and Moscow. They were joined by two new regions: the city of Sevastopol, which has no public debt, and the Republic of Crimea, which has a small debt.
According to experts Rating agency"RIA Rating", in the second half of the year, the growth rates of the state debt of the regions of the Russian Federation against the background of a stagnating economy and problems with the filling of budgets with taxes will accelerate, and by the end of the year not all of them will be able to maintain the current positive changes. The structure of public debt will gradually change due to an increase in the share of budget loans and a reduction in borrowing through debt instruments and commercial loans. However, due to the limitations budget financing full replacement of commercial loans is unlikely to be expected. RIA Rating experts expect that by the end of the year the total public debt may grow by 25-30%. In a number of regions, the situation with the debt burden may deteriorate significantly. At the same time, it is not worth dramatizing the consequences of a high debt burden, despite the severity of the situation in one region or another. First, the debt is spread over time. Secondly, regions in a critical situation will always be able to count on the help of the federal center. At the same time, individual technical delays in payments cannot be ruled out.
Standard & Poor's early summer score:
"..." Superhigh "refers to the amount of debt payments that exceeds the average, that is, 33.5% of the region's income.

In 47 regions, the volume of debt exceeds half of all receipts. Only regions with huge oil and gas rent - Tyumen and Sakhalin regions, Nenets Autonomous Okrug - can afford a life without debt.
Experts note that regional authorities will be forced to sharply cut social spending in order to pay off debts. At the same time, the federal center will not allow the federal center to declare regional defaults for political reasons ... "

Maxim Kalashnikov: to avoid social upheavals, Moscow will have to write off regional debts to the RF Ministry of Finance. For these debts are her fault, the consequences of her policies. Otherwise, no matter how they reassure us, regional socio-economic collapses are possible.
With the fall of the Rating itself ...

While the economy of the Russian Federation rushed in the wake of the falling economy of Ukraine ...

Undisciplined Southerners and Northerners

At the beginning of June 2017 individuals in Russia, loans were issued in the amount of 3.2 trillion rubles. Wherein total debt individuals on loans is 11 trillion rubles. Overdue debt is about 8% of the total - about 890 billion rubles. The amount is impressive, agree.

The largest share of delinquencies is in the regions of southern Russia and the North Caucasus. In Karachay-Cherkessia, for example, it is 14%, in Kabardino-Balkaria - 11.1%, in Krasnodar Territory - 10.3%, and in Ingushetia - even 27.7%. A high share of overdue debts is also in Siberia: in Kemerovo and Omsk regions- about 11%, and in Buryatia - 13%. The lowest share of delinquency is in Sevastopol (2.2%), Nenets Autonomous Okrug (2.3%) and Crimea (2.5%).

The Volga region indicator is below the average for Russia - 7.8%. Most often, they do not pay debts in Samara and Saratov regions(9% and 9.5%, respectively), as well as in Bashkortostan and the Ulyanovsk region (8.8% and 8.3%). In Tatarstan, the share of delinquencies is average for the Volga Federal District - 7.3%, and the lowest indicator for the Volga region is in Chuvashia (5.4%) and Mordovia (5.9%).

Speaking about the debt burden of the population, it should be noted that most of the loans for each inhabitant are in the northern regions with high incomes. The leader in terms of debt is the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (on average, each resident has about 190 thousand rubles of debt), the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (176 thousand rubles), the Tyumen region (152 thousand rubles), the Magadan region and Yakutia ( about 130 thousand rubles). For comparison, in Moscow, which is in 12th place, each resident has only 103 thousand rubles of debt, and in Tatarstan (in the middle of the rating) - 70 thousand rubles. The least indebted regions of Russia partly coincide with the regions with the highest share of overdue debts - Ingushetia, Crimea and Sevastopol (6.5-8.5 thousand rubles per person), Dagestan and Chechnya (12-13 thousand rubles per person) ...

However, it is one thing to take a loan, and quite another not to pay it. As for the overdue debt per inhabitant, the leaders here are the North and Siberia. In Buryatia, an average of 9.5 thousand rubles of overdue debt falls on each inhabitant. The leaders are also the Tyumen Region and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (about 9 thousand rubles each), the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Moscow (about 8.5 thousand rubles per inhabitant). Here again, Tatarstan is approximately in the middle of the list with 5 thousand rubles (the indicator is comparable to the Belgorod Region, the Altai Republic and generally corresponds to the indicator of the Volga Federal District). Least of all "delays" for each resident - again in the Crimea, Sevastopol and Chechnya (from 160 to 760 rubles), but this says not so much that residents do not bring loans to the stage of "delay", as that loans are here in general, they are rarely taken.

The number of potential bankrupts is growing at the expense of the former middle class

The opportunity to file for personal bankruptcy is becoming a lifesaver for debtors. At the same time, the number of potential bankrupts in the Volga region is growing. According to the National Bureau credit histories at the end of May 2017, in all regions of the Volga region, the growth was from 12 to 30%. Wherein total number potential bankrupts in the Volga Federal District increased over the year from 116.5 to 141 thousand people - by 21%. It should be noted that potential bankruptcies mean residents of the country who formally fall under the definition given in the law - they have a debt of more than 500 thousand rubles, and the delay in payments is more than 90 days.

Most often, personal bankruptcy threatens people who are in the most economically active age: more than a third of potential bankrupts in the Volga region are between the ages of 30 and 39. Slightly less - 29% of debtors - aged 40 to 49 years. Significantly fewer potential bankrupts (about one-fifth) are between the ages of 50 and 59. This category is followed by the number of potential debtors - people aged 25 to 29 years (every tenth). There are very few people of a different age: from 60 to 65 years old - 4.5% of debtors, and people under 25 and over 65 years old make up only about 1.3% of potential bankrupts in total.

As Realnoe Vremya was told at the National Bankruptcy Center, a typical potential bankrupt is “a former middle class»: The age of persons undergoing bankruptcy proceedings is from 35 to 55 years. There are no special “distortions” in terms of gender: both women and men go bankrupt in the same ratio. The same can be said about their marital status.

The second type is entrepreneurs who act as guarantors for their organizations. “The fall of the market had a negative impact on their enterprises, the profitability forecasts that were made when taking out a loan did not come true, the debt on loans becomes their responsibility,” the NCB says.

Bashkortostan leads in the number of potential bankrupts

Trying to trace where potential bankrupts mainly live, one can come to the conclusion that such a region in the Volga region is Bashkortostan. According to the National Bureau of Credit Histories at the end of May 2017, there are about 25.5 thousand people here. The same region is also one of the leaders in terms of annual growth of the indicator (since the beginning of April last year) - over the year their number has increased by a quarter. Tatarstan ranks second in terms of the number of potential bankrupts with 17 thousand people, with an annual growth rate of 19%. There are also many potential bankrupts in the Samara region (15 thousand people, the number increased by 22% over the year), the Perm region (about 14 thousand people, the annual growth is 21%), the Nizhny Novgorod region (13 thousand people, an increase of 22% ).

The smallest number of potential bankrupts is in Mari El and Mordovia (approximately 2.5 thousand people each). At the same time, it was Mari El who became the leader in the annual growth in the number of potential bankrupts - by almost a third, and the indicator of Mordovia grew by 19% over the year.

If we talk about the situation not with potential, but with already "held" bankrupt individuals, then, according to the National Bankruptcy Center, the bulk of them turned out to be from Moscow. At the total bankrupts (as of June 1, 2017) in 65.5 thousand people, almost every tenth bankrupt is from Moscow. A little less - 4.3 thousand people - live in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. The third place is taken by the Moscow region with 3.5 thousand bankrupts. The "five" also includes the Krasnodar Territory (3.5 thousand people) and Bashkortostan (2.3 thousand). The indicator of Tatarstan is 1.4 thousand people, which is more than in the Nizhny Novgorod region, but less than in the Samara and Saratov regions.

Consumer credit leads to bankruptcy more often than others, and the Penza region is among the leaders in terms of unsuccessful microloans

Returning to the situation in the Volga region, it is interesting to note that the bulk of potential bankrupts, according to the NBKI, are in debt not on loans for large purchases - a mortgage or car loan, but on small loans. Most of the potential bankrupts - 90 thousand people (that is, more than half) owe consumer loans... At the same time, the division of people by region and age practically does not differ from the general picture.

However, as noted in the National Bankruptcy Center, sometimes a debtor under one of the categories becomes a debtor under several articles at once. “A fairly common situation is when a borrower, for example, a paying mortgage, experiencing financial difficulties, goes to a new loan in microfinance organizations or takes urgent loan... Consequently, monetary obligations increase significantly and very quickly become unmanageable, which makes a citizen debt hole", - they say in the NCB.

The second most important reason for being on the list of potential bankrupts is debt on bank cards... However, the number of debtors is much less here, only about 14 thousand people. Oddly enough, a typical debtor does not differ in age and place of residence in this case. It is interesting to note here, however, that the superiority of Bashkortostan in terms of the number of debtors for this type of loans is much greater than in other cases. Bashkortostan is home to more than a third of all Volga credit card debtors facing bankruptcy, and the gap from the nearest region is almost four times.

The third most important type of loans, the debtors of which may go bankrupt, are car loans. Now there are 12 thousand of them in the Volga region. Moreover, it is noticeable that the majority of debtors are between the ages of 30 and 39. There are about 40% of such people here, but only 0.6% of people over the age of 65.

There are only 3.6 thousand people who can go bankrupt due to non-payments on mortgages in the Volga region. Moreover, this is the first case in the Volga Federal District when the leader in the number of debtors is not Bashkortostan: here the largest number of debtors is in the Perm Territory. An even more interesting picture appears when we consider the situation with microloan debtors. With a very small total number of them - 2.7 thousand people, more than a quarter falls on one region, and a rather small one - the Penza region. Considering that usually the audience of microfinance organizations is rather limited in money, it is possible to draw conclusions about the level of wealth in this region.

Maxim Matveev,
analytical service of Realnoe Vremya

Having compared the collection of taxes in the regions of the country and the amount of federal subsidies, we come to the conclusion: despite the fact that the subjects of the Federation are increasing contributions to the treasury, everything still depends on the "oil needle".

Almost half of the taxes collected are provided by only 3 regions of our country, the number of subjects "sitting" on subsidies is 72 (data from the Realnoe Vremya portal)

At the same time, officials state an increase in tax collections: at the end of 2017, in federal budget almost 9 trillion rubles were received, which is 32% higher than in 2016. The indicators of 17 subjects worsened, while in the year before last there were 32 such.

According to analysts, rising oil prices intervened in the situation, which allowed to increase revenues. the largest taxpayers Russia - to oil companies.

Regions - "locomotives"

The leaders in terms of fees are traditionally the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (Yugra), the "patrimony" of Rosneft, Lukoil and Surgugneftegaz. At the end of 2017, the region transferred almost 2 trillion rubles to the federal budget, which is 37.4% more than in 2016. Ugra provided more than 22% of receipts from the constituent entities of the Federation. Moscow ranks second in tax collection with 1.26 trillion rubles, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (652 billion) is third. Together, these three regions collected about 5 trillion in the treasury, which amounted to 57.3% of all taxes and fees.

The fourth line is occupied by St. Petersburg with 492 billion rubles, and the fifth place is occupied by Tatarstan, which has made a serious leap with 328.5 billion rubles. The republic has increased tax levies in 2017 by 43.2%. At the same time, the growth of gross regional product(GRP) in the republic amounted to 2.8%. The main positive contribution to the development of the region's economy was made by industry, Agriculture and trade.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

Debtor Regions

It should be noted that the situation with the subjects, where socio-economic conditions are far from ideal, and does not think to improve. Moreover, in January 2018, for the first time in Russia, an external financial management in the Republic of Khakassia and the Kostroma region.

The debt of these two subjects on loans from the federal budget exceeded 80% of the revenues that they collect in their own treasury. In total, according to the Ministry of Finance, at the beginning of 2018 public debt of Russian regions reached 2.5 trillion rubles.

In 2017, the volume of federal subsidies to equalize the budgetary provision of Khakassia amounted to almost 9 billion rubles, and the Kostroma region - 9.2 billion rubles.

In 2017, tax revenues decreased the most in the Republic of Tyva (-42%), Sakhalin (-33.2%), Kemerovo regions (-40%). And the Arkhangelsk region has reduced fees by 65%. In the "anti-leaders" - Transbaikalia: taxes "collapsed" by 96%. The region is awaiting debt restructuring and external management threatens.

Pouring from empty to empty

The total amount of subsidies to the regions in 2017 increased by 100 billion rubles, secured, among other things, by ... income tax receipts from the constituent entities of the Federation.

Let us recall that since last year this tax has been transferred to the federal level and is distributed among the subjects in need of support.

At the same time, there are only 13 regions in Russia that do not receive federal funding. Among them are the entities that are favored by business and possess natural resources.

You can praise donor regions as much as you like, but this does not change the situation in subjects with severe economic situation... The top 5 most "expensive" regions for the budget do not change every year, and they account for more than a third of all subsidies.

Among the "lucky ones" this year is the Republic of Dagestan, which received more than 9% of all subsidies. In second place is Yakutia, with 44 billion rubles (an increase of 20%). The third largest subsidy - over 39.3 billion rubles. will go to Kamchatka.

Oryol, Yaroslavl, Bryansk, Ivanovo regions, Altai Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria and Sevastopol were also included in the number of regions that received a nice figure of 20% allowance. "

Analysts of Realnoe Vremya note. We also note Chechnya, which will be allocated 27 billion rubles in 2018, which is 12.8% more than in 2017.

The Republic of Dagestan. Photo: www.globallookpress.com

The top five most subsidized entities will receive 30% of all subsidies for equalization in 2018, according to RBC. And as analysts point out, the total amount of subsidies has been growing over the past six years.

645.1 billion rubles will be allocated to equalize budgetary provision in 2018, which is 5% more than a year earlier. Note that, at the same time, budget loans for the regions have been canceled altogether.

In addition to the growth of subsidies, they were redistributed between regions. Accordingly, for those regions for which subsidies have increased, the total growth amounted to 48 billion rubles. How at the expense of 30 billion rubles, for which total amount increased, and at the expense of 17.4 billion rubles, for which subsidies to other regions were reduced, "

The analyst of the ACRA group of sovereign and regional ratings, Alexander Shurakov, explained.

Cancellation of loans and growth of minimum wages

By "pouring" subsidies from one "egg-box" into another, the authorities simultaneously declare their intention to refuse them altogether. However, economists do not fully understand how the government is going to do this, given the recent actions of the Cabinet of Ministers in this direction.

Member of the State Duma Committee on economic policyVladimir Sysoev In an interview with Constantinople, he said that "a quarter of the regions are in fact bankrupt regions." "It is clear that this situation is to some extent created artificially, when the regions were simply driven into debt, forced to take loans in commercial banks by very high rates, which reached 15-20% per annum, "- explained the deputy of the Russian parliament.

The government is trying to launch new incentives for development. For example, from May 1, 2018 minimum size wages (minimum wages) in Russia equaled living wage(11.16 thousand rubles), and this is certainly good news. The problem is, by what means will the growth of this value be ensured? Tsargrad has already noted that an additional 39.3 billion rubles will be required from the budgets for these purposes. At the same time, the federal budget will provide only 7.5 billion of this amount, and regional and municipal budgets — 31.8 billion

Together with the abolition of budget lending with a low rate (0.1% per annum) and a high level of public debt of the regions, this does not sound too optimistic.

The Ministry of Finance says that state banks will be able to lend to the constituent entities of the Federation, but interest rate this will amount to 8.75%. It is clear that the "subsidized" regions will not be able to cope with such a load, but this is still half the trouble. As noted by experts interviewed by TASS, an increase in the minimum wage may lead to a revision of spending plans by the business and may even force them to cut employees or transfer them to part-time work. At the same time, the tax burden and the ambitiousness of the tasks assigned to the regions are growing.

The authorities acknowledge that the main threats economic security countries include the uneven spatial development of Russia, "increasing differentiation of regions and municipalities"Such formulations are contained in the country's Security Strategy. True, it is not yet clear at what level and by whose hands it is planned to solve this problem.

Income tax 1% was taken away. Per Good work they gave me some money. Thanks of course. But this is only 30% of what was taken. Don't touch anything for five years! Let's finally get some work done! I will at least understand how much income we will receive, "

The head of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov announced at one of the economic conferences.

By the way, exactly the economic growth of this Russian region and income tax deductions ensured an increase in subsidies in undeveloped regions.

The incomes of the "strong" go to the "weak" - both have no incentive to develop their own economies. Dead end? No, it's time to reconsider interbudgetary relations federal center and subjects. Otherwise - stagnation, growth of regional and municipal debts, discouraging the development of regions, and hence the country as a whole.