Accounting for income tax transactions. Posting Income Tax
If the results economic activity the enterprise generated a profit, then entity is obliged, in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Article 25), to reflect this fact in accounting and form accounting entries on income tax.
The above regulatory document describes the objects of taxation, methods and methods of calculation, regulates the frequency and timing of payment of payments to the accounts of the budgets of the Treasury of the Russian Federation and the region of registration of the enterprise:
All relationships in the payment of taxes to state budgets of different levels are reflected in accounting on a specific account. In the accounting chart of accounts, to display the movement of funds for the payment of all taxes, account 68 “Calculations on taxes and fees” was created, in which the subaccount “Income tax” of the same name is created for income tax transactions. For a more detailed reflection of the movement of funds in analytical accounting this sub-account can be divided into subordinate sub-accounts for each recipient tax payment(federal, local or municipal tax authorities).
Ways to pay income tax
Income tax can be calculated and paid in two ways:
- Four times a year quarterly advance payments. In this case, the calculation of this tax is made on an accrual basis. Paid quarterly actual difference between accruals for the current and previous periods.
- Monthly, based on the actual size of the profit received by the enterprise.
The choice of one of the two options for payment schedules is arbitrary and is determined based on the accounting policy of the organization.
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Income tax posting
Accrued income tax posting: the debit amount is reflected in the 99th account "Profit and Loss", the 68th account "Calculations on taxes and fees" is credited for the same amount. The advance payment for this transaction is calculated by multiplying the amount of profit received for the period by the current tax rate under the law. In the event that an enterprise has received losses from economic activity during the reporting period, a reverse entry (reversal) is made, and the amount is calculated by multiplying the rate by the amount of losses.
Posting the transfer of income tax to the budget
When the tax amount is actually transferred to the Treasury accounts, the funds are debited from the enterprise's current account on credit 51 of the "Settlement Accounts" account and debited to the 68th account "Calculations on taxes and fees":
Account Dt | Account Kt | Wiring Description | Posting amount, rub. | A document base |
99 Gains and Losses | 68, sub-account Income tax | Accrual of advance on income tax for the first quarter | 10 000,00 | Help-calculation |
68, sub-account Income tax | 51 Settlement account | Transfer to the budget of the advance payment for the 1st quarter | 10 000,00 | Payment order |
99 | 68, sub-account Income tax | Accrual of advance on income tax for six months | 15 000,00 | Help-calculation |
68, sub-account Income tax | 51 | Transfer to the budget of advance payment for 6 months | 15 000,00 | Payment order |
99 | 68, sub-account Income tax | 25 000,00 | Help-calculation | |
68, sub-account Income tax | 51 | 25 000,00 | Payment order | |
99 | 68, sub-account Income tax | accrual annual amount income tax | 40 000,00 | Help-calculation |
68, sub-account Income tax | 51 | Transfer of the final annual amount | 40 000,00 | Payment order |
When a loss is received, an additional corrective reversal is added by the third posting for any period:
Account Dt | Account Kt | Wiring Description | Posting amount, rub. | A document base |
99 | 68, sub-account Income tax | Accrual of advance on income tax for three quarters | 25 000,00 | Help-calculation |
68, sub-account "Income taxes" | 51 | Transfer to the budget of advance payment for 9 months | 25 000,00 | Payment order |
99 | 68, sub-account Income tax | Adjustment (reversal) of the amount of income tax for 9 months | 40 000,00 | Corrective Declaration |
Each organization with a commercial bias, regardless of the field of activity, seeks to maximize profits, on which tax must be paid to the state. It will be easy even for dummies to independently carry out the necessary tax calculation using an example.
Income tax is one of the key sources for financing state budget. Refers to federal taxes and is regulated by the relevant legislation.
Income tax is paid to the state budget from income that has been reduced by the amount of expenses, that is, according to the following formula:
- UD - PNO + SHE - IT \u003d TNP UR - PNO + SHE - IT \u003d TNU
These abbreviations are deciphered as follows:
- UD - conditional value of income;
- SD - company's expenses;
- PNO - permanent tax liability;
- SHE - deferred tax assets;
- IT - deferred tax liabilities;
- TNP - current income tax;
- TNU - current tax loss.
Taxable income includes those that the company receives along with the sale of goods or services, works of its own production and acquired from other persons. Exceptions are: positive exchange rate or sum differences, penalties or fines, property received free of charge, interest on loans:
All firms pay a percentage of their profits to the budget, with the exception of those that operate on special taxes: ESHN (single agricultural tax), UTII ( single tax on imputed income), USN (simplified system).
Tax payers are all domestic companies on a common system and foreign companies that make a profit in the state or work through state representative offices. They don't pay either individual entrepreneurs, as well as companies involved in the preparation of significant events (Olympiads, the world football championship, etc.):
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According to the latest up-to-date data, the general income tax rate is 20%, of which 3%, according to the updated legislation, goes to the general budget, and 17% to the regional budget. Minimum tax rate in 13.5% in federal budget may be applicable only for those enterprises that employ disabled people, are engaged in the production of cars, operate in special economic zones and act as residents of industrial parks and technopolises.
Income tax calculation - examples
The company for the 1st quarter of activity gave an income equal to 2,350,000 rubles:
- Of this amount, VAT is 357,000 rubles;
- Production costs - 670,000 rubles;
- Payout costs wages personnel - 400,000 rubles;
- Contributions for insurance needs - 104,000 rubles;
- Depreciation amount - 70,000 rubles;
- In addition, the company issued a loan to another company, for which it received 40,000 rubles. percent;
- tax reporting loss for past period amounted to 80,000 rubles.
Based on the data obtained, we calculate the profit of the enterprise: ((2,350,000 - 357,000) + 40,000) - 670,000 - 400,000 - 104,000 - 70,000 - 80,000 = 709,000 rubles. Based on this, we obtain the calculation of income tax: 709,000 x 20% = 141,800 rubles.
Example with reduced tax rate option
Let's say a company on DOS and received for billing period income of 4,500,000 rubles, incurring an expense of 2,700,000 rubles. Accordingly, the profit will be: 4,500,000 - 2,700,000 = 1,800,000 rubles. In the event that in the area where the company operates, regional rate the main one and corresponds to 17%, 1,800,000 x 17% = 306,000 rubles will be paid to the local budget, and 1,800,000 x 3% = 54,000 rubles to the federal budget. For reduced rate in 13.5%, the calculations are performed as follows: 1,800,000 x 13.5% = 243,000 rubles. - for local budget and 1,800,000 x 3% = 54,000 rubles.
Calculation example with posting table
In accordance with the reporting in form 2 (on profit and loss), the company indicated a profit in the amount of 480,000 rubles. Costs and features:
- 1 000 rub. – permanent tax liability;
- 1 200 rub. - delayed tax asset;
- 28 000 rub. - depreciation, which was accrued on a straight-line basis;
- 42 000 rub. - depreciation accrued in a non-linear way for tax purposes;
- 14 000 rub. – deferred tax liability (42,000 – 28,000).
Data business transactions in accounting will be displayed by such postings:
Innings tax returns companies carried out before the end of the calendar year. There are several options for transferring taxes: immediately after the end of the tax period and monthly deductions for the entire period.
Filling out the declaration - the main nuances
Income tax declaration is submitted by all companies on the general taxation system at the end of the reporting period (first quarter, half a year, 9 months and 1 calendar year). Respectively, reporting dates in 2017 they are April 28, July 28, October 28 and March 28, 2018. The code also provides for reporting for some organizations once a month:
Companies with up to 100 employees. can submit a declaration in paper format, all others - in in electronic format. The following sheets must be present:
- Title (sheet 01);
- Subsection 1.1 (section 1);
- Sheet 02;
- Applications: No. 1, No. 2, related to sheet 02.
All other additional sheets are filled out if necessary. IN title page you need to fill in the full data about the reporting organization:
- KPP and TIN;
- Correction number;
- Reporting (tax) period for which the declaration is filled out;
- The code tax authority to which the declaration will be submitted;
- Full company name;
- Type of activity (indication of the corresponding code);
- Number of pages in the declaration;
- The number of additional sheets, where there is confirmation of documents or their copies and other information, which will depend on the type of activity of the organization.
The amount of tax that needs to be transferred to the budget is indicated in section 1. The required data is on lines 270-281 in sheet 02. Advance payments are taken into account. So, if the company in the first quarter in general budget 5,000 rubles were transferred, and the income tax for six months was 8,000 rubles, then at the end of the six months an amount of 3,000 rubles is paid. (8,000 - 5,000).
Sheet 02 displays the tax base, which is defined as the difference between the organization's profit and expenses. Line 110 indicates the losses of previous years carried forward at the moment. In the appendix to this sheet No. 1, all income, including non-operating nature, should be displayed. Appendix No. 2 indicates all expenses, also of any type.
Oleg Good, Head of the Corporate Income Tax Division of the Tax and Customs Policy Department of the Ministry of Finance of Russia.
Organizations must calculate and transfer to the budget advance payments and income tax for each reporting (tax) period, if applicable. common mode. At the same time, the accrual and payment of tax must be reflected in accounting, like any other fact of economic life. This must be done taking into account the requirements of PBU 18/02. This is the only way to eliminate the discrepancies that exist in accounting and tax accounting. How to properly apply PBU 18/02 will be discussed in this recommendation.
By the way, only some categories of income tax payers may not comply with the requirements of PBU 18/02, namely:
- credit organizations, state and municipal institutions;
- organizations that have the right to apply simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting.
All this follows from paragraphs 1 and 2 of PBU 18/02, paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 286, paragraph 1 of Article 289 tax code RF.
How to calculate income tax in accounting
Organize the accounting of accrued and paid amounts of income tax, as well as advance payments on it, on account 68. To do this, open a separate sub-account “Calculations for income tax”.
Those who do not apply PBU 18/02 have the right to reflect in accounting the tax calculated in the declaration. Since the source of tax payment is profit, then it must be accrued in correspondence with the debit of account 99:
- Income tax charged advance payment) for the tax (reporting) period.
This is established by the Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts 68 and 99).
If you are obliged to apply PBU 18/02, then you cannot simply take and reflect in accounting the income tax recorded in the declaration. You will receive this value, but only after you sum up the values of the following indicators for the period on account 68:
- contingent income tax expense calculated on the basis of accounting (balance sheet) profit;
- conditional income from income tax, which is calculated from the accounting (balance sheet) loss;
- permanent tax assets or liabilities from permanent differences, if any;
- deferred tax assets or liabilities from temporary differences, if any.
The thing is that due to differences in the composition and procedure for recognizing income and expenses, the amount of accounting (balance sheet) and taxable profit may not coincide. So, simply multiplying the profit received by the tax rate is not enough. This will not show in accounting the amount of the organization's real tax liabilities.
Only by observing the requirements of PBU 18/02 and reflecting the differences that arise, it is possible to determine the real amount of tax in accounting. As a result, before paying the tax on account 68, the subaccount “Calculations on income tax” should either have a credit balance (tax payable), or even zero (when it is not necessary to pay tax according to the declaration). Other options are possible only if the organization has an overpayment or arrears in income tax.
Now about everything in order. To begin with, let's define the differences that arise between accounting and tax accounting. And with how to reflect in accounting the tax assets and liabilities corresponding to these differences.
How to determine permanent differences and reflect in accounting the corresponding tax assets and liabilities
A permanent difference (PR) occurs every time any income or expense is taken into account in whole or in part only in accounting or only in taxation. Here is an example of when this happens:
- in accounting, expenses are taken into account in full, and in tax accounting only in the prescribed amount. This applies, for example, to interest on loans and borrowings and other expenses that are normalized when calculating income tax;
- the costs associated with the transfer of property (goods, works, services) for free use are recognized only in accounting;
- the loss is carried forward, but after a certain period (10 years) it can no longer be taken into account in taxation.
This is stated in paragraph 4 of PBU 18/02.
Record the corresponding tax assets or liabilities in the same reporting period in which the permanent differences arose. That is, those amounts by which the tax in accounting will be reduced or increased. To account for permanent tax liabilities and assets, open sub-accounts of the same name for account 99.
Cause of persistent differences | postings | ||
Income is taken into account only in taxation | Permanent tax liability (PNO) | Increase the amount of tax | Debit 99 subaccount "Permanent tax liabilities" Credit – reflects a permanent tax liability |
Expenses that are not recognized for tax purposes | |||
Income is reflected only in accounting | Permanent tax assets (PTA) | Reduce the amount of tax | Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 99 subaccount "Permanent tax assets" – reflects a permanent tax asset |
Expenses are recognized only when taxed |
The size of the PNO and PNA is determined by the formula:
A diagram of actions will help you quickly determine PNO and PNA: how to determine permanent differences in accounting and what postings to make.
During the year, permanent tax liabilities and assets are not repaid. They can be written off from account 99 only as part of net profit or loss during the balance sheet reformation. At the same time, take them to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”.
This procedure is provided for in paragraph 7 of PBU 18/02 and the Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts 68, 84 and 99)
Attention: There is an opinion that all expenses that are not taken into account when calculating income taxes should be reflected in accounting as part of others. This is not true. Officials will be fined for a mistake. If, as a result, taxes are also underestimated, then the organization itself will be punished, and the amount of fines will increase. But there is a way out.
If during the audit they find a similar mistake of previous years, due to which the reporting and taxes are distorted, then it will not be possible to avoid liability. You will mitigate the consequences if you independently recalculate taxes and hand over the correct information, pay penalties.
As for the mistakes of the current year, everything is fixable. If you correctly qualify the expenses, then you will successfully generate reports and calculate taxes. Reverse erroneous entries.
Remember, expenses are taken into account depending on their purpose and the conditions under which they are incurred. So, for example, in accounting, costs are attributed not only to others, but also to expenses for ordinary species activities (clause 4 PBU 10/99).
Alpha Organization pays compensation to an employee when his car is used for business purposes. Compensation is 5000 rubles. per month. But when calculating income tax, only 1200 rubles are taken into account. (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 8, 2002 No. 92).
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How to determine temporary differences and reflect in accounting the corresponding tax assets and liabilities
A temporary difference arises if any income or expense is accounted for in accounting in one period, and for taxation in another. There are two types of temporary differences - deductible (DVR) and taxable (NVR).
Subtractable Temporary Difference (RTD) occurs, for example, in the following situations:
- when I consider depreciation in accounting and tax accounting differently. As an option, in tax accounting they consider linearly, and in accounting - by the reducing balance method;
- if there is a loss carried forward, which will be taken into account in taxation before the expiration of 10 years;
- if expenses are taken into account differently in the cost of production in accounting and taxation.
A taxable temporary difference (NTD) arises, in particular, as a result of:
- application of different methods of depreciation in accounting and tax accounting. For example, in tax accounting they consider linearly, and in accounting - by the reducing balance method;
- when the cash method is used in tax accounting, and in accounting they reflect income and expenses based on temporal certainty.
All this follows from paragraphs 8–12 of PBU 18/02.
In the same reporting period in which temporary differences arose or were settled (in whole or in part), also reflect deferred tax assets or liabilities. That is, those amounts by which the tax will be reduced or increased in accounting in subsequent reporting periods and which are not taken into account in the current one.
To account for deferred tax assets, use account 09, and for liabilities - account 77. In subsequent periods, as income and expenses converge in accounting and tax accounting, pay off deferred tax liabilities and assets.
Here is how to record the origination and settlement of deferred tax assets and liabilities:
Cause of temporary differences | Type of tax assets and liabilities | How does income tax affect accounting | postings |
Incomes that do not reflect in the accounting of the current reporting period | Deferred tax assets (DTA) | Reduce the amount of tax for future reporting periods. The tax of the current period is increased | – reflected deferred tax asset; – repaid (in whole or in part) a deferred tax asset |
Expenses that are not recognized for taxation in the current reporting period | |||
Income that is not taxed in the current reporting period | Deferred Tax Liabilities (DTL) | Increase the amount of tax for future reporting periods. The current period tax is reduced | – reflected deferred tax liability; Debit 77 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" – repaid (in whole or in part) deferred tax liability |
Expenses that are not reflected in the accounting of the current reporting period |
The size of IT and IT is determined by the formula:
This procedure is provided for in paragraphs 8–12, 14 and 15 of PBU 18/02.
The scheme of actions will help you quickly determine IT and SHE: how to determine temporary differences in accounting and what postings to make.
How to reflect in accounting
Calculate the conditional consumption in accordance with paragraph 20 of PBU 18/02. That is, according to the formula:
Reflect the conditional income tax expense on the sub-account of the same name of account 99:
Debit 99 subaccount "Conditional income tax expense" Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax"
– accrued conditional income tax expense for the reporting (tax) period.
An example of the reflection in accounting of the accrual and payment of income tax. The organization applies PBU 18/02. According to the results of the period, profit is determined in accounting and tax accounting
According to the results of work for the first quarter, according to accounting data, Alpha LLC received a profit in the amount of 1,500,000 rubles. The organization pays income tax on a quarterly basis. The applicable income tax rate is 20 percent.
Turnovers for the I quarter on account 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" amounted to:
Indicator | Sum | Debit | Credit |
Conditional income tax expense | 300 000 rub. (1,500,000 rubles × 20%) | 99 | 68 |
PNO | 16 000 rub. | 99 | 68 |
IT arose | 2000 rub. | 68 | 77 |
IT is redeemed | 1000 rub. | 77 | 68 |
SHE arose | 8000 rub. | 09 | 68 |
Redeemed SHE | 2000 rub. | 68 | 09 |
The amount of the current income tax formed on account 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" amounted to:
300 000 rub. + 16,000 rubles. - (2000 rubles - 1000 rubles) + (8000 rubles - 2000 rubles) \u003d 321,000 rubles.
According to tax accounting the amount of income tax for the 1st quarter also amounted to 321,000 rubles.
The accountant reflected the payment of income tax by postings:
- 48 150 rubles. – transferred to the federal budget income tax for the first quarter;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 272,850 rubles. - the income tax for the I quarter was transferred to the regional budget.
How to reflect in accounting the conditional income for income tax
Even if the organization, according to accounting data, received a loss in the reporting (tax) period, record income tax on this amount. It is called conditional income for income tax. This indicator is the product of the current income tax rate by the amount of the loss reflected in accounting. That is, you need to calculate it like this:
This procedure is provided for in paragraph 20 of PBU 18/02.
Reflect the conditional income on income tax on the sub-account of the same name of account 99:
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Conditional income for income tax”
– accrued conditional income from income tax for the reporting (tax) period.
In tax accounting, nothing is considered from the loss. So, if there are more expenses than income, there is no profit, then there is nothing to count the tax from. The basis for income tax calculation is zero. However, in future periods, the loss may reduce taxable profit (clause 8, article 274, clause 1, article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Accounting rules do not provide for similar rules. Therefore, a deductible temporary difference arises. Therefore, after the conditional income for income tax is determined in accounting and it will be possible to accurately determine the amount of VVR, reflect IT in accounting (clause 14 PBU 18/02).
In the period in which the tax loss was determined, make an entry in accounting:
Debit 09 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
– reflects a deferred tax asset from a tax loss that will be repaid in the next reporting (tax) periods.
As you carry forward the loss, offset the deferred tax asset:
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 09
– the deferred tax asset is written off from the repaid loss.
This procedure follows from the provisions of paragraph 14 of PBU 18/02, Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Instructions for the Chart of Accounts and Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 14, 2003 No. 16-00-14 / 219.
An example of the reflection in accounting of conditional income for income tax and a deferred tax asset. According to the results of the tax period, the organization received a loss in both tax and accounting
At the end of 2016, Alfa LLC received a loss:
- according to accounting data - 100,000 rubles;
- according to tax accounting - 100,000 rubles.
According to the results of the 1st quarter of 2017, Alpha's profit amounted to:
- according to accounting - 200,000 rubles;
- according to tax accounting - 200,000 rubles.
According to the results of the first half of 2017, Alpha's profit amounted to:
- according to accounting data - 50,000 rubles;
- according to tax accounting - 50,000 rubles.
The following entries were made in the company's books of account.
Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Conditional income for income tax”
20 000 rub. (100,000 rubles × 20%) - the amount of conditional income has been accrued;
Debit 09 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
20 000 rub. (100,000 rubles × 20%) - reflects a deferred tax asset from a tax loss.
- 40,000 rubles. (RUB 200,000 × 20%) - a conditional income tax for the 1st quarter was accrued;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 09
- 20,000 rubles. (RUB 100,000 × 20%) - the deferred tax asset from the loss is repaid.
Debit 99 subaccount "Conditional income tax expense" Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax"
- 40,000 rubles. – the accrued income tax (conditional expense) for the 1st quarter was reversed;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 09
- 20,000 rubles. – the tax asset was restored from the loss, reflected in the 1st quarter.
A loss in 2016 reduces taxable profit for the first half of 2017 by no more than 50 percent (Clause 2.1, Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
Debit 99 subaccount "Conditional income tax expense" Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax"
- 10,000 rubles. (RUB 50,000 × 20%) - a conditional income tax for the half year has been accrued;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 09
- 5000 rubles. (RUB 50,000: 2 × 20%) – the deferred tax asset is repaid from the tax loss carried forward, which reduces taxable profit for the half year.
The amount of income tax reflected in the declaration for the six months of 2017 is 5,000 rubles. The credit balance on account 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" is equal to:
10 000 rub. - 5000 rubles. = 5000 rubles.
The current income tax is reflected correctly. The reporting period is closed correctly.
An example of the reflection in accounting of a conditional income tax expense at the end of the reporting period. In the accounting of the organization, profit is determined, and in tax accounting, the loss
Alfa LLC calculates income tax on a monthly basis based on actual profit. Income and expenses in tax accounting determines cash method. The organization applies PBU 18/02. Alpha is providing information services and is exempt from VAT.
In January, Alfa sold services in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles.
The staff of the organization was paid a salary in the amount of 600,000 rubles. The amount of contributions for compulsory pension (social, medical) insurance and insurance against accidents and occupational diseases from the accrued salary amounted to 157,200 rubles.
As of January 31, sales proceeds have not been paid, staff salaries have not been issued, mandatory insurance premiums not included in the budget.
On January 15, Alfa manager A.S. Kondratiev presented an advance report on travel expenses in the amount of 1200 rubles. On the same day, these expenses were fully reimbursed to him. Due to the excess of the standard daily allowance in tax accounting travel expenses were reflected in the amount of 600 rubles.
In January, Alfa had no other operations. The following entries were made in the accounting records of the organization:
Debit 62 Credit 90-1
- 1,000,000 rubles. - reflects the proceeds from the sale of information services;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 77
- 200,000 rubles. (1,000,000 rubles × 20%) - a deferred tax liability is reflected from the difference between the revenue reflected in accounting and tax accounting;
Debit 26 Credit 70
- 600,000 rubles. - salary for January;
Debit 09 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 120,000 rubles. (600,000 rubles × 20%) - a deferred tax asset is reflected from the difference between the salary reflected in accounting and tax accounting;
Debit 26 Credit 69
- 157,200 rubles. – mandatory insurance premiums were accrued from the salary for January;
Debit 09 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 31,440 rubles. (157,200 rubles × 20%) - a deferred tax asset is reflected from the difference between the amount of taxes (contributions) reflected in accounting and tax accounting;
Debit 26 Credit 71
- 1200 rubles. - travel expenses deducted;
- 120 rubles. ((1200 rubles - 600 rubles) × 20%) - a permanent tax liability is reflected from travel expenses reflected in accounting and tax accounting;
Debit 90-2 Credit 26
- 758,400 rubles. (600,000 rubles + 157,200 rubles + 1200 rubles) - the cost of services sold has been written off;
Debit 90-9 Credit 99 sub-account "Profit (loss) before tax"
- 241,600 rubles. (1,000,000 rubles - 758,400 rubles) - profit for January is reflected;
Debit 99 subaccount "Conditional income tax expense" Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax"
- 48 320 rubles. (241,600 rubles × 20%) - the amount of contingent income tax expense has been accrued.
In January, a loss of 600 rubles was reflected in the tax accounting of Alfa. (paid travel expenses). Since this loss will affect the determination of the tax base in the following periods, an entry is made in accounting:
Debit 09 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 120 rubles. (RUB 600 × 20%) - reflects a deferred tax asset from a tax loss.
The amount of income tax reflected in the declaration for January is zero. The balance on account 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" is equal to:
200 000 rub. - 120,000 rubles. - 31,440 rubles. - 120 rubles. - 48 320 rubles. - 120 rubles. = 0.
The contingent income tax expense is correctly reflected. The reporting period is closed correctly.
Control check
To check whether you correctly reflected the income tax calculations in accounting, use the formula:
If the result obtained coincides with the amount reflected in line 180 of sheet 02 of the income tax declaration, then you reflected the calculations in accounting correctly.
If the organization has no permanent and temporary differences, then the income tax in the declaration should be is equal to conditional expense on it in accounting (clause 21 PBU 18/02).
A detailed relationship between accounting and tax accounting indicators that affect the formation of balance sheet and taxable profits is presented in the table.
How to reflect the payment of income tax in accounting
Record the payment of income tax to the budget by posting:
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
– transferred to the federal (regional) budget income tax (advance payment) for the tax (reporting) period.
How to take into account the peculiarities of paying advance payments for income tax
Advance income tax payments are transferred in one of the following ways:
- monthly based on the profit received in the previous quarter;
- monthly based on actual profit;
- quarterly.
For those who do not apply PBU 18/02
Those who do not apply PBU 18/02, advance payments and tax are reflected in accounting in the same amount as in the declaration. In this case, certain features must be taken into account. Namely, that the accrued amounts may have to be adjusted:
Method of transferring advance payments | Peculiarities |
Monthly based on the tax profit of the previous quarter | At the end of the quarter, calculate the tax as in the declaration:
Debit 99 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax If at the end of the quarter the advance payment turned out to be more than the organization transferred during it, pay the difference to the budget: Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51 If, at the end of the quarter, the advance payment turned out to be less than the organization transferred during it, reduce the previously accrued amounts. In accounting, reflect the reverse: |
Monthly based on taxable actual income | If at the end of the year the tax must be paid in addition:
Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" When at the end of the year the amount of accrued advance payments exceeded the tax for the year: Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" |
Quarterly with tax profit |
An example of the reflection in accounting of monthly advance payments. The organization does not apply PBU 18/02, and at the end of the year a loss is determined
Alpha Organization calculates monthly advance payments based on the profits generated in the previous quarter.
The amount of the monthly advance payment in the 1st quarter of 2017 is determined on the basis of the monthly payment in the 3rd quarter of 2016 and amounts to 50,000 rubles. Payments in this amount (taking into account the new tax distribution rates between the federal and regional budgets) were transferred by the organization to the budget on January 27, February 28 and March 28, 2017. These days, the Alpha accountant made the following entry in the accounting:
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 50,000 rubles. - the advance payment of income tax for the current month has been transferred.
In the first quarter, Alpha made a profit of 900,000 rubles. The amount of the quarterly advance payment for income tax is 180,000 rubles. (900,000 rubles × 20%). According to the results of the first quarter, the organization must pay extra to the budget:
RUB 180,000 - 50,000 rubles. × 3 months = 30,000 rubles.
Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 180,000 rubles. - an advance payment of income tax for the 1st quarter has been accrued.
The amount of the monthly advance payment for the II quarter is:
RUB 900,000 × 20% : 3 months = 60,000 rubles.
On April 26, the organization transferred to the budget a monthly advance payment for April and an additional payment for the first quarter:
30 000 rub. + 60 000 rub. = 90,000 rubles.
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 30,000 rubles. – an advance payment of income tax for the 1st quarter was transferred, taking into account the amounts previously paid;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 60,000 rubles. – the monthly advance payment of income tax for April was transferred.
Alfa's accountant made similar entries (60,000 rubles each) on May 29 and June 28 when transferring advance payments for May and June.
In the first half of 2017, Alpha's profit amounted to 2,200,000 rubles. The amount of the advance payment for income tax is 440,000 rubles. (2,200,000 rubles × 20%). At the end of the six months, the organization must pay extra to the budget:
440 000 rub. - 50,000 rubles. × 3 months - 30,000 rubles. - 60,000 rubles. × 3 months = 80,000 rubles.
Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 260,000 rubles. (440,000 rubles - 180,000 rubles) - an advance payment of income tax for the six months was accrued, taking into account the previously accrued amounts.
The amount of the monthly advance payment for the III quarter is:
(2,200,000 rubles - 900,000 rubles) × 20%: 3 months = 86,666.67 rubles.
On July 28, the organization transferred to the budget a monthly advance payment for July and an additional payment for the first half of the year:
80 000 rub. + 86 666 rub. = 166,666 rubles.
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 80,000 rubles. – an advance payment of income tax for the half year was transferred, taking into account the previously paid amounts;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 86,666 rubles. – the monthly advance payment for July has been transferred.
Alfa's accountant made similar entries (for 86,666 rubles and 86,668 rubles) on August 28 and September 28 when transferring advance payments for August and September.
For the nine months of 2017, Alpha's profit amounted to 2,900,000 rubles. The amount of the advance payment for income tax is 580,000 rubles. (2,900,000 rubles × 20%). On September 30, the accountant made an entry in the accounting:
Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 140,000 rubles. (580,000 rubles - 260,000 rubles - 180,000 rubles) - an advance payment of income tax for nine months was accrued, taking into account previously accrued amounts.
The amounts of monthly advance payments for the 4th quarter of 2017 and the 1st quarter of 2018 are:
(2,900,000 rubles - 2,200,000 rubles) × 20%: 3 months = 46,666.67 rubles.
The accountant reflected these amounts in sheet 2 of the income tax declaration for nine months in lines 290-310 (IV quarter of 2017) and 320-340 (I quarter of 2018).
According to the results of nine months, taking into account the previously transferred advance payments, the organization experienced an overpayment in the amount of:
150 000 rub. + 30 000 rub. + 180 000 rub. + 80 000 rub. + 260 000 rub. - 580,000 rubles. = 120,000 rubles.
Therefore, during the IV quarter (until December 28, 2017), Alfa must transfer to the budget only the difference between the amount of the accrued advance payment and the overpaid amount of tax in the amount of:
140 000 rub. - 120,000 rubles. = 20,000 rubles.
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 20,000 rubles. – the advance payment of income tax for the IV quarter of 2017 was transferred.
At the end of 2017, Alpha received a loss of 300,000 rubles. In this regard, the accountant reverses the previously accrued amounts of advance payments for income tax:
Debit 99 Credit 90-9 (91-9)
- 300,000 rubles. - reflected the loss received at the end of the year;
Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 580,000 rubles. – previously accrued advance income tax payments were reversed.
The advance income tax payments transferred during the year form an overpayment that can be offset against future payments or returned to the organization.
For those who apply PBU 18/02
Those who apply PBU 18/02 should not specifically adjust the advance payments accrued following the results of reporting periods. After all, the amount of tax is formed by several indicators, and any changes will affect the amount of real obligations. If at the end of the period it is revealed that the transferred advance payments are less than the tax for reporting period, it must be paid in general order:
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- an advance payment for income tax was transferred based on the results of the quarter, taking into account the amounts previously paid.
An example of the reflection in accounting of monthly advance payments. The organization applies PBU 18/02
Alpha LLC applies PBU 18/02. Advance tax payments are paid monthly based on the profit of the previous quarter.
Alfa paid monthly advance payments in the 1st quarter of 2017 based on the profit of the 3rd quarter of last year:
50 000 rub. (150,000 rubles: 3 months). At the same time, the accountant distributed the tax between the federal and regional budgets at rates of 3 and 17 percent, respectively.
Turnovers for the 1st quarter of 2017 on account 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" amounted to:
Indicator | Sum | Debit | Credit |
150 000 rub. | 68 | 51 | |
Conditional income tax expense | 260 000 rub. (1,300,000 rubles × 20%) | 99 | 68 |
PNO | 10 000 rub. | 99 | 68 |
SHE arose | 30 000 rub. | 09 | 68 |
Account balance 68 | 150 000 rub. | — | 68 |
Thus, in the first quarter, the current tax in accounting is:
300 000 rub. (260,000 rubles + 10,000 rubles + 30,000 rubles)
At the same time, the budget for the 1st quarter must be paid in addition:
150 000 rub. (300,000 rubles - 150,000 rubles)
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 150,000 rubles. - an advance payment of income tax for the 1st quarter was transferred, taking into account the amounts previously paid.
Based on the profit received in the 1st quarter of 2017, the accountant determined the amount of the monthly advance payment for the 2nd quarter:
100 000 rub. (300,000 rubles : 3 months)
Turnovers for the half year of 2017 on account 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" amounted to:
Indicator | Sum | Debit | Credit |
Advance income tax payments | 600 000 rub. | 68 | 51 |
Conditional income tax expense | RUB 560,000 (2,800,000 rubles × 20%) | 99 | 68 |
PNO | 10 000 rub. | 99 | 68 |
SHE arose | 30 000 rub. | 09 | 68 |
Redeemed SHE | 10 000 rub. | 68 | 09 |
IT arose | 90 000 rub. | 68 | 77 |
Account balance 68 | 100 000 rub. | 68 | — |
Thus, for half a year, income tax is equal in accounting:
RUB 500,000 (560,000 rubles + 10,000 rubles + (30,000 rubles -10,000 rubles) - 90,000 rubles)
This amount corresponds to the taxable income defined in the declaration. At the same time, according to the results of the half year, the organization revealed an overpayment on advance payments:
100 000 rub. (600,000 rubles - 500,000 rubles)
The amount of the monthly advance payment for the III quarter was:
RUB 66,667 ((500,000 rubles - 300,000 rubles) : 3 months)
At the same time, part of the overpayment on advance payments for the 2nd quarter went to the account of the 3rd quarter.
For nine months, Alfa recorded a balance sheet loss of 250,000 rubles. The tax loss amounted to 270,000 rubles. The turnover for the III quarter of 2017 on account 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" recorded the following:
Indicator | Sum | Debit | Credit |
700 000 rub. | 68 | 51 | |
Conditional income from income tax | 50 000 rub. (250,000 rubles × 20%) | 68 | 99 |
PNO | 35 000 rub. | 99 | 68 |
SHE arose | 30 000 rub. | 09 | 68 |
Redeemed SHE | 20 000 rub. | 68 | 09 |
IT arose | 90 000 rub. | 68 | 77 |
IT is redeemed | 45 000 rub. | 77 | 68 |
Given that there was also a loss in tax accounting, a deductible temporary difference arose. That is, for the amount of conditional income on income tax, the accountant of Alfa reflected the occurrence of a deferred tax asset:
Debit 09 Credit 68 "Calculations for income tax"
- 50,000 rubles. - the occurrence of IT is reflected.
Thus, the current tax for nine months in accounting is equal to:
0 rub. (50,000 rubles - 35,000 rubles - (30,000 rubles + 50,000 rubles - 20,000 rubles) + (90,000 rubles - 45,000 rubles))
Based on the results of nine months, the organization revealed an overpayment on advance payments:
700 000 rub. (700,000 rubles - 0 rubles)
Taking into account the loss received for nine months, it is not necessary to transfer advance payments to Alfa during the fourth quarter.
At the end of the year, Alpha had an accounting profit of 3,850,000 rubles. Tax profit amounted to 3,700,000 rubles.
Indicator | Sum | Debit | Credit |
Advance income tax payments for the quarter, total | 700 000 rub. | 68 | 51 |
Conditional income tax expense | RUB 770,000 (3,850,000 rubles × 20%) | 99 | 68 |
PNA | 65 000 rub. | 68 | 99 |
PNO | 35 000 rub. | 99 | 68 |
SHE arose | 80 000 rub. | 09 | 68 |
Redeemed SHE | 80 000 rub. | 68 | 09 |
IT arose | 90 000 rub. | 68 | 77 |
IT is redeemed | 90 000 rub. | 77 | 68 |
Thus, in just a year, the amount of income tax in accounting amounted to:
RUB 740,000 (770,000 rubles - 65,000 rubles + 35,000 rubles + (80,000 rubles - 80,000 rubles) - (90,000 rubles - 90,000 rubles))
This amount corresponds to the income tax in the declaration.
At the same time, the budget for the year "Alfa" must pay extra:
40 000 rub. (740,000 rubles - 700,000 rubles)
With the additional payment, the Alpha accountant made the following entry:
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
- 40,000 rubles. - the income tax for the year is transferred, taking into account the previously transferred advance payments.
Tax agents
Tax agents, in addition to accruing and paying tax on their own profits, must record the amounts deducted from the income of their counterparties. The accounting procedure for these amounts depends on the type of income from which the tax is withheld.
Types of income | postings | ||
Debit | Credit | Purpose | |
Income from operations with securities | 91-2 | 66 (67) | Interest accrued on securities(to loans) |
66 (67) | 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" | Withheld income tax on interest on securities (loans) | |
Payment of dividends | 84 | 75-2 | Dividends accrued |
75-2 | 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" | Income tax withheld when paying dividends | |
Income from the use of intellectual property | 20 | 76 | License fees paid |
76 | 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" | Withheld tax on payments for the use of intellectual property | |
Income received by a foreign organization from the sale of property | 08 | 76 | Reflected the debt to the seller for the purchased item of fixed assets |
76 | 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" | Income tax withheld foreign organization from the sale of property | |
Other income (for example, income paid to a foreign organization for the rental of its property) | 20 (26,44) | 76 | Accrued rent |
76 | 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" | Tax withheld from rental income |
This procedure is provided for by the Instructions for the chart of accounts (accounts 66, 68, 75, 76).
How to reflect income tax in the accounting of a consolidated group
Situation: how the responsible member of the consolidated group should reflect in accounting the income tax accrued by other members
Before reflecting income tax payable on account 68, form it as a whole according to consolidated group(CGN) on account 78. At the same time, when forming a tax, each participant must comply with RAS 18/02.
Despite the fact that account 78 is not provided for by the Chart of Accounts, it is convenient to use it for synthetic accounting of settlements between members of the CTG. This is exactly what the Ministry of Finance of Russia recommends doing in a letter dated March 16, 2012 No. 07-02-06 / 56. After all, only the responsible member of the group can determine the total amount of tax as a whole for the CGT. The “own” tax of each participant is not yet an obligation to the budget. Only after all of the members' tax information has been collected can the total amount be determined.
What participants report on account 78 is listed in the table:
Responsible member of the CGT | Other members of the CGT |
Current income tax from own tax base. Instead of account 68, the sub-account "Calculations for income tax." The tax must be formed in a general manner, that is, by balancing on account 78 the conditional expense / income, permanent and deferred tax assets and liabilities | |
Settlements with all CGT participants for tax | Settlements with the responsible tax participant |
The difference between income tax from its own tax base and what needs to be transferred to the responsible participant, based on the terms of the agreement on the creation of the CTG | |
Income tax accrual for the group as a whole | – |
Differences from each participant's own tax base and those amounts that are redistributed in accordance with the CGT agreement are charged to account 99 "Profit and Loss". This indicator will affect the amount of the participant's net profit.
By the way, such differences can arise if the tax in the group is redistributed based on the share attributable to the participant. That is, when first determine overall size group tax. Further, the tax is redistributed to the responsible participant in the share that is determined for each participant by the agreement. In this case, the amount of the tax of a particular participant does not matter. The tax can also be redistributed according to another principle, written in the CGT agreement.
In the accounting of each group member, the calculations related to the payment of income tax are reflected in the following entries:
Debit 78 Credit 51
– money was transferred to the responsible participant to pay income tax (for all group participants, except for the responsible one);
Debit 99 Credit 78
- the difference between the current income tax and that due from the participant is written off if the indicated difference is negative;
Debit 78 Credit 99
– the difference between the current income tax and that due from the participant is written off if the indicated difference is positive.
Report on financial results fill in based on how the financial result is recorded at the end of the reporting period.
Profit. Line 2410 "Current income tax" reflects the income tax formed by the participant from its own tax base. Reflect the difference between this indicator and the obligations of the participant under the CGT agreement separately on line 2465 “Redistribution of income tax within the consolidated group of taxpayers”. Enter negative differences in parentheses, positive differences without parentheses.
Lesion. If at the end of the reporting period the participant received a loss, deferred tax asset is not formed. In such a situation, reflect the amount of the current income tax on line 2410 "Current income tax" without brackets.
If, even before entering the CGT, the participant received a loss, he may still have unwritten deferred tax assets. They do not reduce the tax base of the CGT. Write them off like this:
Debit 99 Credit 09
– a deferred tax asset is written off that does not reduce the consolidated tax base (this entry must be made in the last reporting period before the participant enters the consolidated group).
Transactions that are reflected only by the responsible participant
The responsible CGT participant also makes the following entries:
– accrued income tax in general for CGT;
Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax" Credit 51
– transferred to the budget tax on the profits of the group of taxpayers.
It is advisable for the responsible participant to open separate sub-accounts to account 78 for income tax settlements with each participant. Including for yourself. This will simplify the control over the obligations of the participants based on the terms of the CTG agreement.
The responsible person reflects the repayment of obligations of CGT participants by posting:
Debit 51 Credit 78
– funds received from a group member to pay off the obligation to pay income tax.
Income tax from the consolidated tax base is not reflected in the Statement of Financial Results. The explanation is simple: the responsible participant forms the total base for the tax on the profits of the CGT only in tax accounting.
An example of reflection in accounting by a member of a consolidated group of taxpayers of their own income tax
Alfa LLC is a member of the consolidated group of taxpayers.
According to the results of work for the 1st quarter, the following indicators are determined in the accounting of Alpha, which are necessary for calculating income tax:
The amount of the current income tax formed on account 78 amounted to:
RUB 1,000,000 + 60 000 rub. - (20,000 rubles - 10,000 rubles) + (80,000 rubles - 20,000 rubles) \u003d 1,100,000 rubles.
According to the CGT agreement, the responsible participant determined Alfa's share in the total tax:
RUB 1,000,000
The positive difference between the current income tax and the part of the consolidated group tax attributable to Alfa is 100,000 rubles. (1,100,000 rubles - 1,000,000 rubles).
The accountant reflected the write-off of the difference between Alfa's own income tax and the amount to be redistributed to the CGT by posting:
Debit 78 Credit 99
- 100,000 rubles. – written off the difference between the current income tax and the amount Money to be listed.
In the Statement of Financial Results for the 1st quarter, Alpha's accountant stated:
- on line 2410 "Current income tax" - 1,100,000 rubles. (in parentheses);
- on line 2465 "Redistribution of income tax within the consolidated group of taxpayers" - 100,000 rubles. (without parentheses).
An example of the reflection in accounting by the responsible participant of income tax - own and cumulative as a whole for the consolidated group of taxpayers
Master Production Company LLC is a responsible member of the consolidated group of taxpayers. The rest of the group are:
- Alpha LLC;
- LLC “Trading firm “Germes””.
According to the results of the work for the first quarter, the following indicators are determined in the accounting of the "Master", which are necessary for calculating their own income tax:
To determine the obligations to pay tax for each member of the group, the Master's accountant opened the corresponding sub-accounts for account 78. The accountant of the “Master” reflects the current income tax from his own tax base on his sub-account “Settlements with the “Master””.
The amount of own current income tax formed on account 78 sub-account "Settlements with the "Master"" is:
RUB 1,300,000 + 50 000 rub. - (30,000 rubles - 15,000 rubles) + (95,000 rubles - 40,000 rubles) \u003d 1,390,000 rubles.
According to the results of the work of the consolidated group for the 1st quarter, the income tax calculated from the total profit for the group as a whole amounted to 4,200,000 rubles. The amount of tax determined based on the profit of each participant was:
- for Alpha - 1,000,000 rubles;
- for Hermes - 1,700,000 rubles;
- for the "Master" - 1,500,000 rubles.
The accrual and distribution of these obligations in the accounting of the "Master" is reflected in the following entries:
Debit 78 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax"
- 4,200,000 rubles. – accrued income tax on the consolidated group of taxpayers;
Debit 78 subaccount "Settlements with Alpha" Credit 78
- 1,000,000 rubles. - reflected the amount of money for the payment of tax, payable by "Alpha";
Debit 78 subaccount "Settlements with Hermes" Credit 78
- 1,700,000 rubles. - reflects the amount of money for the payment of tax, payable by Hermes;
Debit 78 subaccount "Settlements with the "Master"" Credit 78
- 1,500,000 rubles. - reflects the amount of money for the payment of tax, payable by the "Master".
Since the amount of the current income tax of the "Master" (1,390,000 rubles) is less than the amount of cash payable according to the consolidated calculation (1,500,000 rubles), a difference has formed that reduces the net profit of the "Master".
Debit 99 Credit 78 sub-account "Settlements with the "Master""
- 110,000 rubles. (1,500,000 rubles - 1,390,000 rubles) - the difference between the current income tax and the amount of money allocated to pay tax at the expense of the "Master" was written off.
In the Statement of Financial Results for the 1st quarter, Master's accountant stated:
- on line 2410 "Current income tax" - 1,390,000 rubles. (in parentheses);
- on line 2465 "Redistribution of income tax within the consolidated group of taxpayers" - 110,000 rubles. (in parentheses).
The cumulative income tax for the consolidated group of taxpayers is not reflected in the Master's Statement of Financial Results.
Based on the materials of the BSS "System Glavbukh"
is the responsibility of every company that operates under the rules of the general taxation system. How exactly these actions take place is described in accounting policy for tax purposes. However, the very fact of accruing income tax and its subsequent payment are also reflected in accounting. Like any fact of the company's economic activity, the fulfillment of tax obligations involves the execution of certain postings.
Accrued income tax: posting
Calculations for income tax in accounting are reflected on account 68 "Calculations for taxes and fees". In general, this is a standard account, on the sub-accounts of which most of the company's taxes are carried out, for example, personal income tax deducted from the salary of employees by a tax agent, VAT, a “simplified” tax within the framework of the simplified tax system, and so on. On a separate sub-account "Income Tax" to account 68, entries are made for the tax we are considering.
It should be noted that account 68 is active-passive, which means that the balance on it must be considered in expanded form. The credit of the account reflects the debt to the budget, the debit - the overpayment of taxes.
Accordingly, the accrual of income tax is displayed by the posting: debit 99 "Profit and loss" - credit 68, sub-account "Income tax". The amount of this accrual must correspond to the calculated amount of tax for the corresponding reporting period, and the transaction itself is drawn up on the last day of this reporting period.
Recall that the calculation of income tax occurs on an accrual basis, that is, each subsequent reporting period includes data on income and expenses from the beginning of the year. This state of affairs can lead to the fact that, for example, in the first quarter, the company’s income tax return reflects a certain income, but at the end of the six months, its amount turned out to be less, or the company completely lost. In this case, the income tax advance accrued earlier in the same year must be adjusted. The accounting entry is as follows:
Storno Debit 99"Profit and loss" - Credit 68, sub-account "Income Tax" - for the amount of overcharged tax.
Income tax transferred to the budget: posting
The payment of income tax to the budget is drawn up, as you might guess, using the company's current account, with the following entry:
Debit 68, sub-account "Income tax" - Loan 51“Settlement accounts” - income tax is transferred to the budget. The amount in this transaction corresponds to the amount of the actual transfer of tax. At the same time, due to various circumstances, it may differ from the amount of the accrued tax reflected in the credit of account 68.
Income tax postings: quarterly and monthly
According to Article 285 of the Tax Code, the reporting period for income tax for most situations is a quarter, half a year and 9 months, and the final tax calculation occurs for the year as a whole. Based on this postulate, the accountant will draw up income tax postings on a quarterly basis. Those companies that are required to pay tax at the end of the month will conduct a monthly accrual of income tax in their accounting. This is the difference between the various reporting periods provided for income tax - relatively speaking, monthly and quarterly.
Date of accrual and tax debt
Please note: since the transaction, according to which the income tax is accrued, is drawn up on the last day of the reporting period, up to the date of payment of the tax, the company will have a debt on it. This is quite a standard situation, even taking into account the fact that formally the deadline for transferring payments to the budget - until the 28th day of the month after the end of the reporting period - may not be missed yet. Moreover, in balance sheet, filed at the end of the year as of December 31, tax arrears in terms of payment for the last reporting period will also not raise questions from controllers.
Worse, if such a situation has happened that there is not enough money on the company's account on the due date of payment to transfer to the budget the entire tax amount calculated based on the results of the reporting or tax period. Then the company will have an overdue debt. IN accounting records it will not differ in any way from the usual debt fixed at the end of the reporting period. However, comparing the tax legislation terms of transfer of payments with the dates of their actual payment, and having discovered such a delay, the controllers, unfortunately, in 100 percent of cases use their right to accrue penalties to the company. Recall that penalties are calculated as 1/300 key rate for each day of delay in payment of the amount of this debt. But a fine with a slight delay in the transfer and voluntary repayment of debt is not provided for by law.
If an organization, in carrying out its activities, applies common system taxation, in deadlines it must calculate and transfer income tax to the budget. The company should reflect this not only in tax accounting - it is necessary that in accounting a posting for the accrual of income tax was also formed.
Chart of accounts accounting regulates that the following accounts should be used when calculating income tax:
- Account 09 - used to reflect a deferred tax asset. The use of this account is necessary when there is a difference between profit indicators in accounting and tax registers(tax profit is greater than accounting profit).
- Account 68 - used to account for calculations on the accrual and payment of income tax. Analytics on this account is conducted in the context of the federal and regional parts of the tax.
- Account 77 - is used to reflect the deferred tax liability. The use of this account is necessary when there is a difference between the profit indicators in accounting and in tax registers (accounting profit is greater than tax profit).
- Account 51 - reflects the transfer of tax to the budget.
- Account 99 - used when calculating income tax.
Income tax accrual: main types of transactions
Income tax is calculated during the year either monthly or quarterly by determining advance payments. At the same time, accrual occurs on an accrual basis from the beginning of the year.
Accrual of income tax
Debit | Credit | Operation designation |
99 | 68 | Income tax advance payment accrued (monthly or quarterly) |
09 | 68 | A tax asset is accrued when tax profit exceeds this indicator according to accounting data |
68 | 77 | Accrued tax liability in case of excess accounting profit above the tax index. |
99 | 68 | Income tax charged on taxable period, if the profit at the end of the year is more than advance payments in the reporting period. |
99 | 68 | The income tax for the year has been adjusted, in the case when, according to the results for the year, the profit received is less than when calculating advance payments (including when receiving a loss) |
Tax transferred to the budget
Postings at the tax agent
In the cases established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation Russian company must act as a tax agent and withhold income tax at the source of its formation. An example of such a case is the payment of dividends to both a Russian company and an organization that does not have a representative office in the territory of the Russian Federation, or when payment of rent is transferred to a foreign company
Debit | Credit | Operation designation |
84 | 75/2 | Dividends accrued to a foreign company - a member of the company |
75/2 | 68 | Income tax accrued by a tax agent on dividends to a foreign company |
75 | 52 | Dividends were transferred to the founder - a foreign company |
68 | 51 | Income tax paid by tax agent |
20 | 60 | Rent accrued to a supplier - a foreign company |
60 | 68 | Income tax accrued by a tax agent in relation to a lessor or a lessor |
68 | 51 | Income tax transferred to the budget by a tax agent |
60 | 52 | Transferred rent to a supplier - a foreign company |
By loans
Responsibilities for the calculation of income tax as tax agent the company also has in respect of interest accrued on attracted from foreign companies(with the states of which there are no international agreements), which do not have representative offices in the Russian Federation, loans.
In a budget institution
According to the Tax Code, any company is obliged to pay income tax if it operates on the territory of the country. At the same time, it does not matter what its legal status is, or how it was created.
Based on this, budgetary institutions are also required to calculate and transfer income tax. At the same time, in tax base will include not only commercial income, but also non-operating income.
Income tax is calculated according to standard algorithms - here you can also reduce the income received by the amount of expenses incurred.
Attention! For accounting in budget institution eat strict rule- it is necessary to keep separate records of income and expenses for commercial activities and those received as targeted financing. If this is not done, then the latter will need to be included in taxable income.
Income tax transactions are processed as follows:
Return of goods to the supplier - transactions with the buyer: VAT and income tax
In practice, a situation may arise in which the buyer accepted the goods from the supplier and capitalized it. After a certain amount of time, a decision is made to return it back, due to the fact that it is not in demand - for example, there is such a clause in the contract between the parties.
Attention! A feature of such an operation will be that, in fact, the sale has already been carried out for each of the parties, and therefore it is necessary to issue a kind of reverse sale, with the accrual of all necessary taxes. During this operation, it is also required to issue an invoice in which to highlight the VAT tax.
Since the reverse sale will be reflected in the accounting, the income tax base includes the proceeds and the write-off of the purchase price, which are involved in determining the tax in the general manner. In fact, taxable income will be zero, since the sale price will be equal to the sum residual value and VAT.
The wires are formatted like this:
Debit | Credit | Operation designation |
Upon receipt of goods | ||
41 | 60 | Purchased goods from a supplier |
19 | 60 | Allocated VAT on purchased goods |
68 | 19 | Input VAT credited |
At the time of return of goods | ||
62 | 90 | Reflects the return of unsold goods in the form of sales |
90 | 41 | The purchase price of returned goods is written off |
90 | 68 | VAT is charged on the return operation |
An example of accrual and payment of income tax in an organization
Astra LLC completed the calendar year with the following indicators: income - 38,820,000 rubles, expenses - 26,124,500 rubles. Let's calculate the tax.
The tax base: 38820000-26124500=12 695 500 rub.
2% payment to the federal budget: 12,695,500 x 2% = 253,910 rubles.
Payment of 18% to the regional budget: 12,695,500 x 18% = 2,285,190 rubles.
In this way, total amount income tax is: 253910 + 2285190 \u003d 2,539,100 rubles.