How is the issue of housing for young families resolved? How to solve the housing issue without a mortgage? Stories of how you solved your housing problem.
Buy real estate today without using borrowed money quite difficult. Apartment prices not only in Moscow, but also in the regions are quite high compared to the average wages the average family in Russia. Mortgages are a real way to buy your own home. But how economically justified is it? How to save family budget to buy an apartment and not take on long-term loan obligations? This, as well as the options for buying an apartment without a mortgage, will be discussed in the article.
The economic feasibility of mortgages in the current situation
The economic reality today is such that it is quite a difficult task to solve the housing problem at the expense of only own funds.
How can you buy your own apartment in Moscow without having a lot of money at your disposal? The most obvious answer is to take out a mortgage.
As a result of a decrease in demand and, as a result, a drop in prices in the market for new buildings, mortgage is again becoming relevant.
A mortgage loan is a long-term banking product that allows you to purchase your own home with the involvement of credit funds... A mortgage, like any loan, is issued at a certain annual interest rate and involves monthly payments. With each payment, part of the principal debt and accrued interest are paid off.
Conditions for buyers have improved this year compared to last year. People with in cash for the purchase of an apartment (or having money for a down payment), expected a decline in property prices. Many of them realized that prices had reached a minimum, and such favorable conditions not to be missed. Therefore, the number of purchase and sale transactions increases, and the market revives a little.
How economically profitable is it to take a mortgage loan to buy a home in the current environment?
To answer this question, you need to understand the purpose for which real estate is purchased on a mortgage. If for the purpose of making a profit and further sale or delivery to tenants, it is rather unprofitable. To make a profit, it is necessary that the income exceeds the investment. Then, for example, in order for the rental of property to become profitable, it is necessary that the rates for lease payments exceeded credit. These conditions are not being met now. The approximate market rental rates for ordinary housing today are no more than 5% per annum relative to its price. Mortgage rates 2 times higher.
Therefore, if we compare the economic feasibility of renting an apartment and acquiring it on a mortgage, it is still more profitable to rent a house. Again, if you do not take into account that on a loan you pay for your home, and when renting for someone else's. Before the crisis, the situation was different.
If we compare the current mortgage conditions with the conditions of the last year, then the mortgage today is more attractive. Interest rates on programs of the Mortgage Agency home lending decrease due to a decrease key rate TSB RF. Their size is almost the same as before the crisis. Taking into account the decrease in the cost of apartments, the amount of mortgage loans, and hence the amount of monthly payments, also decreased. Thus, today a loan for the purchase of an apartment is significantly more profitable than before the crisis.
Looking ahead, we can say what is real profitable mortgage will become when prices for the real estate purchased today (at a reduced cost) will go up again.
How to solve the housing issue without having a lot of money
When there is not enough money even for the initial payment, the issue of obtaining a mortgage disappears by itself. Now a very small percentage of banks lend to borrowers without a down payment.
Where, in this case, can you get the money to buy an apartment without a mortgage?
You can ask for money to borrow money from close relatives or, for example, if you have a large living space from your parents, exchange it for 2 small ones.
But what if you have to rely only on yourself?
Calculated data show that at the level interest rates on deposits above average, it will be profitable to save part of the money from the salary for the purchase of an apartment on a monthly basis. However, this option is optimal if you have the opportunity to live, for example, with your parents.
Usually, experts advise saving 10% of family income every month, but this amount will have to be increased to purchase housing.
Consider with a specific example whether it is realistic to save up for your own home without a mortgage
First, let's calculate how mortgage payments will look like when the cost of an apartment is 5 million rubles. and down payment 1 million rubles
The table shows the data loan calculator mortgage loan at a rate of 10% per annum for a period of 10 years. Monthly payment RUB 52,860.29
№ | Payment | Interest | Main debt | Balance owed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 6342960,2 | 2342960,2 | 4000000 | 4000000 |
December 2017 | 52860,29 | 33969,61 | 18890,69 | 3981109,31 |
January 2018 | 52860,29 | 33719,78 | 19140,52 | 3961968,8 |
February 2018 | 52860,29 | 31392,65 | 21467,65 | 3940501,15 |
March 2018 | 52860,29 | 33375,83 | 19484,47 | 3921016,69 |
April 2018 | 52860,29 | 32139,48 | 20720,81 | 3900295,87 |
May 2018 | 52860,29 | 33035,29 | 19825 | 3880470,87 |
June 2018 | 52860,29 | 31807,14 | 21053,16 | 3859417,71 |
July 2018 | 52860,29 | 32689,06 | 20171,24 | 3839246,48 |
August 2018 | 52860,29 | 32518,21 | 20342,09 | 3818904,39 |
September 2018 | 52860,29 | 31302,49 | 21557,8 | 3797346,59 |
October 2018 | 52860,29 | 32163,32 | 20696,98 | 3776649,61 |
… | ||||
June 2027 | 52860,29 | 2530,03 | 50330,27 | 257489,95 |
July 2027 | 52860,29 | 2186,9 | 50673,39 | 206816,56 |
August 2027 | 52860,29 | 1756,52 | 51103,77 | 155712,79 |
September 2027 | 52860,29 | 1279,83 | 51580,46 | 104132,32 |
October 2027 | 52860,29 | 884,41 | 51975,88 | 52156,44 |
November 2027 | 52585,12 | 428,68 | 52156,44 | 0 |
Then we calculate how much will come out if you refer approximately the same amount to the bank for a deposit under average rate 7%. We will add the absence of a down payment to the conditions.
The calculations show that it is possible to accumulate money with a systematic replenishment of the deposit in 7 years, saving even a little less. But this is only suitable for those people who have the opportunity to wait and not pay for rental housing. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that with unfavorable economic conditions, the rate of inflation can devalue savings.
Attention should also be paid to ways to save costs and replenish the family budget.
Savings principles
- Regular monitoring of income and expenses. Record how much and what you spent every day. This will allow you to get information about your financial condition, analyze it and find sources of savings. You can keep records on paper, but it is more convenient to use special applications for the phone.
- Quitting bad habits (cigarettes and alcohol). If you count, these expenses make up a significant part of the family budget.
- Reduce the amount of entertainment, going to restaurants and bars. If you cannot reduce them to a minimum, then you can try to take a certain amount of money with you and fit into it.
- When going to the grocery store, especially the supermarket, make and follow a specific grocery list. Take a limited amount of money.
- Buy food products at wholesale food stores.
- If you are renting a house at not the cheapest price, look for less expensive rental options or, if possible, move to live with your parents.
- Analyze your family's other expenses. Perhaps some of the articles could be shortened. For example, change a gym membership for a less well-known and, accordingly, cheaper.
But savings alone are not enough, you need to think about how to increase your family income:
- it is worth trying to evaluate your professional skills and abilities and how to get additional income... For example, knowledge of foreign languages will allow you to do tutoring, the availability of working skills will allow you to take orders for minor repairs;
- studying an additional profession with free time will also allow you to start receiving additional income when you receive an initial qualification;
- develop yourself in your main job, try to get a promotion. The higher you climb career ladder, the higher the salary will be.
Additional income:
- The money put aside should generate income by itself. The easiest way is to put money on Bank deposit... The average rate is about 7%.
- There is also an alternative to deposits - these are various shares investment funds, trading on the Forex exchange. They have great profitability, but also high risks loss of funds.
- If you have your own car, which you rarely use, you can rent it to work in a taxi. It should be borne in mind that the mileage of the car will significantly increase.
- There are many other ways to get additional income, it all depends on the skills, ideas and capabilities of a particular person.
Other options for buying a home without a mortgage
In addition to the possibility of using family savings, there are the following options for purchasing housing, without using a mortgage:
- Take part in government programs to provide affordable housing for Russian citizens. There are currently several housing subsidy programs under which separate categories Russian citizens can apply for preferential terms for buying their own home. These include military personnel, civil servants, young families, young scientists, large and low-income families, WWII veterans, orphans, etc. To participate, you must meet certain conditions and submit the required package of documents to the authorized body. About all the nuances housing subsidies can be found by contacting territorial body social protection of the population.
- Checkout consumer credit... This option is suitable for people who do not have enough 25-30% to buy an apartment. In this case, the rates will be higher and the period will not exceed 5 years, but the purchased apartment can be disposed of at its own discretion.
- Collect money for the first installment, buy an apartment in installments from a developer in a building under construction. In a crisis, in order to maintain demand for housing, developers are willing to provide favorable conditions installments. For example, YIT gives its equity holders an interest-free installment plan until the end of construction with a down payment of 30% or more.
- Sign up for an annuity agreement with a lonely pensioner or a life support agreement with a dependent. In the first case, the renter can apply for a monthly cash aid in the amount of at least two minimum wages, while household assistance is optional. In the second case, in exchange for an apartment, an elderly person is provided with lifelong care, the purchase of food and medicine. The disadvantages of this option: the contract can be terminated in court if the pensioner thinks that the conditions are not being met. In addition, the deadline for receiving the apartment has not been determined.
- If there is real estate in the property, sell it and buy a new one using maternity capital... Russian families with two or more children apply for maternity capital. You can spend it on improvement housing conditions after the child reaches age three years... The amount in 2017 is 453,026 rubles.
There are options for buying an apartment without resorting to a mortgage loan, but they all involve some costs and conditions.
Housing issue one of the social issues generated by capitalism, expressed in a special form of housing needs, when, with the growth of the urban population (see City), the transformation of housing into a commodity, there is a sharp deterioration in the living conditions of the working people, a huge increase in rent. Zh. In. aggravated under imperialism. The process of monopolization and the increasing influence of banking capital operating in the housing sector mainly in the form of a mortgage loan determine high monopoly prices for apartments. Only 1/3 of the amount included in the rent is spent on the maintenance of dwellings, the rest goes to the enrichment of homeowners, landowners and bankers. Despite the presence of a significant number of empty apartments in large capitalist cities, due to high rents, they are inaccessible to low-paid categories of workers in need of housing. Some of them are forced to huddle in overcrowded and poorly adapted for housing premises. So, in the USA in the 2nd half of the 60s. 20th century up to 25% of the urban population lived in dilapidated, unfit for habitation premises, in Great Britain 28%, in Japan 23%, in France about 25%. A particularly difficult situation with housing exists in economically underdeveloped countries. The bourgeois states carry out some regulation of the rent, without prejudice to the interests of homeowners' capital. To this end, the state itself begins to participate in the construction of "cheap" dwellings. However, construction carried out directly by the state for renting apartments is negligible in most countries. The predominant form of influence government agencies on the cost of construction and subsequent maintenance of dwellings is government assistance in financing housing construction, but this cannot eliminate the housing needs of workers. Ultimately, the state financial policy in the field of life. does not undermine the position of banking and homeowners' capitals striving to maintain a high level of rent in the face of a shortage of housing. Expenses for housing include, in addition to the rent, also the costs of utilities (heating, lighting, etc.), which are sometimes even higher than the rent itself. Consequently, the attempts of bourgeois governments to stabilize the level of rent and build dwellings with low rent cannot solve the housing problem as a whole, also because most of the housing costs of workers continue to remain in the sphere of influence of communal enterprises dependent on bank capital. In a number of capitalist countries, attempts are being made to mitigate contradictions in the field of housing relations by selling small single-family cottages to workers in installments. But if the workers who received the house on credit are unable to make the next payments, the house, as a rule, is taken away, and most of the paid contributions disappear. The construction of factory settlements, in which houses are sold to workers on an installment plan, in capitalist countries, along with speculative purposes, aims to tie workers to the enterprise. In the USSR, as a result of the elimination of capitalist home ownership and private ownership of land, the concentration in the hands of the state of the country's main housing stock and housing construction, the foundation was laid for solving the housing problem. "... Only the abolition of private ownership of land and the arrangement of cheap and hygienic apartments," wrote V. I. Lenin, "can resolve the housing issue" (Polnoye soborny soch., 5th ed., Vol. 32, p. 159). Despite the difficult living conditions inherited from the old system, and the huge damage caused to the housing stock by the German fascist troops during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 (more than 70 million people were destroyed in the cities of the USSR alone. m 2 living space), as well as the rapid growth of the urban population, the average provision of living space for a city dweller in the USSR in comparison with pre-revolutionary times has increased by almost 1.6 times. Housing stock in cities and urban-type settlements from 180 million. m 2 total (useful) area in 1913 increased to 1529 million. m 2 at the end of 1970. In terms of the scale and pace of housing construction, the USSR is one of the first in the world. In the USSR, per 1000 people. population in 1969 built 9.3 apartments, in the USA - 7.3, in Great Britain - 6.9, in France - 8.7 apartments. More than 2 million apartments are built annually in the USSR, and yet the problem of housing remains acute. In the 9th five-year plan, it is planned to build residential buildings with total area 580 million m 2.
By channeling a significant share of public funds for the further development of housing construction, the Communist Party and the Soviet government are implementing the task of solving housing problem... The program of the CPSU in the field of improving the living standards of the population provides for the provision of each family with a separate comfortable apartment. Already on the present stage most families move into separate apartments with conveniences. Along with the growth of state housing construction, cooperative construction is constantly increasing, carried out with the involvement of funds from members of housing cooperatives. In the USSR, the rent is low. Together with utilities it accounts for an average of 4% of all family expenses in the workers' budget. Not a single capitalist country knows such a low rent. In such capitalist countries as the USA, Great Britain, workers and employees are often forced to pay homeowners for the use of an apartment up to 20-25% of their earnings. Most of the costs of housing in the USSR are covered by public consumption funds. In other socialist countries, housing construction is also one of the main concerns of the state. In 1970, the working people of the GDR received 76,100 new apartments, Czechoslovakia 125,400, Poland 200,400, Romania 161,000. Lit .: Engels F., On the housing issue, K. Marx and F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., Vol. 18; Lenin V.I., State and Revolution, Poln. collection cit., 5th ed., vol. 33; Program of the KPSS, M., 1971; Directives of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU on the five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR for 1971-1975, M., 1971. D.L.Broner.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what the "Housing question" is in other dictionaries:
HOUSING QUESTION- as social. economy and dignity. the problem has become especially acute in all countries since the middle of the 19th century. due to the general growth of industry and an increase in the urban population. Heavy housing dignity. living conditions of working groups of the population of various ... ... Great medical encyclopedia
residential and residential- Question How is it correct: "residential" or " housing stock"? These words are from the active composition of modern literary vocabulary; by the nature of system connections, they are paronyms (see the article "Subscriber, subscriber, subscription"). The adjective housing ... ... Dictionary of the difficulties of the Russian language
A question is a form of thought, expressed in language by a sentence that is uttered or written when they want to ask something, that is, to receive information of interest. In Russian, if a question is pronounced, then an interrogative intonation is used, and ... Wikipedia
HOUSING, housing, housing (book). adj. to the dwelling. Housing issue. Housing crisis. Housing conflicts. Living conditions. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
question-, a, m. * Housing (housing) issue. A set of problems associated with providing the population with state housing. ◘ The housing issue is gradually being resolved. Nikolai Pavlovich and I get a room two steps from the theater (Junger) ... Explanatory dictionary of the language of the Soviets
question- unrequited (Sergeev Tsensky); burning (Turgenev); burning (Markovich, Uspensky); open (Saltykov Shch.); ticklish (Yutanov) Epithets of literary Russian speech. M: Supplier to the court of His Majesty, the partnership of the Quick Press A. A. Levenson. A … Dictionary of epithets
Noun., M., Uptr. naib. often Morphology: (no) what? question, why? question, (see) what? the question is, what? the question of what? about the question; pl. what? questions, (no) what? questions, why? questions, (see) what? questions, what? questions about what? about questions 1. ... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary
A; m. 1. Oral or written appeal to someone l., requiring an answer, clarification, etc .; the words of the questioner. Ask in. Ask a question. Reply to v. examination card. Fall asleep with questions. Rhetorical c. V. for backfill (colloquial; ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
question- a; m. see also. question, question, on question 1) Oral or written appeal to s., requiring an answer, clarification, etc .; the words of the questioner. Ask a Question. Ask a question ... Dictionary of many expressions
The R. question is the question of the economic, legal and social position of the wage-workers and their improvement. It constitutes the main part of the modern social issue, understood as the problem of transforming the existing social system into ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Mortgages have become obscenely expensive, and you can save up for an apartment until old age. How to improve living conditions for an ordinary Russian family and not get into debt hole? You can hope for an inheritance, find a third job, or plan a move to a cheaper area. The state is ready to help some citizens with the solution of the housing issue. For this, there are special subsidy programs for primary, secondary and even rented housing. Who can count on state support and on what conditions?
"Housing for a Russian family" - cheap new buildings
The Housing for a Russian Family program is designed to create an extensive fund of affordable new buildings. As part of this initiative in 2014-2017, the country should have 25 million square meters. m of economy class housing with all the necessary social infrastructure at bargain prices. The cost per square meter of such a "primary" will not exceed 35 thousand rubles, which is 20-50% lower than the real market prices (depending on the region).
What is required of the participants? First of all, a stable income. According to the terms of the program, the mandatory first installment is at least 20% of the cost of the apartment, and in the future, the family must be able to regularly pay the remaining amount within the time period agreed with the developer. However, the ability to pay, unfortunately, is not enough. The state subsidy provides for a number of additional restrictions, which seriously narrow the circle of potential buyers.
The program is designed primarily for working middle-aged Russians (25-40 years old) with children and modest living conditions. This means that the standard for providing living space should not exceed the established 18 sq. m per family member, and income is the maximum level adopted in a particular region. They can count on:
- Families with two children, subject to maternity capital investment in housing
- Families with three or more minor children
- Families with one child, if the age of the spouses is under 35 years old
- Residents of houses unsuitable for habitation, subject to demolition or reconstruction
- Citizens recognized as needing accommodation
- War veterans
- Civil servants, scientists, military, etc.
One of the serious problems in the implementation of the program is too large a gap between the indicated cost per square meter and the realities of the market. For this reason, in particular, preferential "Housing for a Russian family" in the capital region and cities with a population of over one million is under a big question. And in the hinterland, the pace of construction of budget square meters are still significantly behind the declared ones.
"Young family" - subsidies for the purchase of an apartment
The federal program "Young Family" is addressed to married couples with children. It differs from the scheme for solving the housing issue of citizens within the framework of Housing for a Russian Family by the age of the spouses: both of them must be strictly up to 35 years old. In addition, Russians who decide to improve their living conditions under this program can rely not on the mythical "affordable" square meters that the state promises to build, but on a specific monetary subsidy to buy an apartment. As conceived by the officials, this should help with the relocation of more than 170,000 Russian couples. The program was in effect from 2011 to 2015 and, by decision of Dmitry Medvedev, will be extended until 2020.
In addition to age, to Russians who hope to receive financial aid from the state, there are other requirements:
- No more than 15 square meters of living space for each family member
- Cohabitation of spouses
- Sufficient income (min 21 621 rubles for two, min 32 510 for three)
- Having at least one child
The family must be recognized as needing better living conditions. For this, it is not necessary to be registered or in the city queue: it is enough that the square meters for each person will be less than the norm. However, it is important to understand that officials will take into account not only the property of the participants in the program, but also the living space on which they are entitled to live on the basis of registration (for example, apartments of grandmothers and grandfathers). Also, the right to a subsidy is automatically lost by those whose living conditions have deteriorated in the previous 5 years.
The size of the subsidy that program participants can count on will be no more than 30% of the total cost of the apartment. Specific figures will depend on the composition of the family: the more people, the more money... The state is ready to allocate 600,000 rubles for two (a single parent with a child), 800,000 rubles for three, and up to 1,000,000 rubles for four. However, what to spend these funds on is a big question.
Taking into account real prices in the real estate market, the amount is more than modest. Expect to buy a liquid apartment in big city not necessary. In addition, at the moment, the terms of the program for 2015 provide for subsidizing only primary housing and prohibit spending the funds received to repay loans. But there is a possibility that these points will be revised in the future.
Affordable rent - assistance to those on the waiting list
The authorities are ready to offer special conditions to those citizens who officially need to improve their living conditions and are on the waiting list, but so far cannot save up for new apartment or afford a mortgage. Within the framework of state program"Provision of affordable and comfortable housing and communal services to citizens Russian Federation»A number of measures are envisaged for low-cost rental housing for citizens with a low level of income. However, unfortunately, there is no dedicated federal subprogram of affordable hiring, and the conditions for state support depend on the specific region.
For example, the city authorities offer Muscovites who have been standing on the city housing queue, partially pay the cost of the rental property. This makes it possible in practice to make people's lives more comfortable. People on the waiting list in anticipation of a housewarming can rent an apartment, and the city will reimburse them for their expenses. True, the compensation is equal to only 50% of the average market and Moscow region, and the specific amount of the subsidy will depend on the size of the family. A lonely Muscovite is entitled to a living space of 33 sq. m, for two - 36 sq. m, and three - 54 sq. m.
There is one fundamental point in the Moscow rental subsidy program for citizens in need. It is important that by agreeing to move to a rented apartment, the waiting list does not lose hope and the right in the future to receive the promised housing from the city, which his family could have been waiting for for many years. For example, in St. Petersburg there is a slightly different scheme of commercial hiring of a city housing stock... There, citizens have the right to rent real estate from the city cheaply and indefinitely at preferential rates, but in return they will have to give up their place in the queue and forever lose the right to a new apartment from the state.
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