How much will the new program to stimulate the birth rate cost. Putin proposed measures to improve the demographic situation Putin benefits up to 3 years
The demographic situation in Russia is aggravating again
"Today, mainly due to objective reasons, the demographic situation in Russia is aggravating again," Putin said at a meeting of the Coordinating Council on the National Strategy in the Interests of Children.
“This trend was predictable, associated with the consequences of previous, superimposed on each other deep demographic recessions. I mean the decline during the Great Patriotic War (1943-1944) and about the same decline in the mid-1990s. huge problems that have arisen in the economy, and, in fact, the collapse in social sphere", the president emphasized.
The authorities will take measures to prevent population decline
"We need to take a set of measures that will stabilize and prevent a decline in the population of Russia in the coming decade. This requires active and consistent work in all areas: both to reduce mortality and to stimulate the birth rate. In fact, we need to reset our policy of demographic development." , - said the head of state.
When it comes to fertility, support comes to the fore large families, families with modest income, creating additional incentives for the birth of a second and third child.
“It is also necessary to pay special attention to young families. These are just, as a rule, families with small incomes. These are young people who are either still studying or have just started working, and incomes are very modest, as a rule. And this often hinders the birth of the first child, the appearance of the first child, "Putin said.
Program action maternity capital will be extended until 2022
"I propose to extend the maternity capital program until December 31, 2021. In addition, introduce additional features its use, "the president emphasized.
Maternity capital funds should be allowed to be received in the form of monthly payments to those families who are in special need. "The same targeted approach will apply here as with payments for the first child. That is, payments will be determined in the amount of living wage child in the region. And to families with incomes, the size of which does not exceed one and a half times the cost of living able-bodied population"- Putin said.
Maternity capital will be allowed to be used to pay for preschool education services, to care for and look after a child from two months of age. "I know that the demand for this measure is very great, in particular, after the birth of a child, a mother will be able to continue her work or education," the president said.
Russia will introduce a monthly payment at the birth of the first child
"To support the birth rate, I propose to start implementing a number of new measures to support Russian families as early as January 2018. Establish a monthly cash payment that will be provided at the birth of the first child and paid until they reach one and a half years of age," Putin said.
The amount of payments will be determined based on the size of the child's subsistence minimum established in the subject of the Federation. "On average, it will amount to 10,523 rubles in 2018, 10,836 rubles in 2019, and 11,143 rubles in 2020. At the same time, the payment will be targeted," the head of state emphasized.
Family income must be taken into account. "And I think this is fair: first of all, to support those who really need," Putin explained and added that the amount of payments "will be determined in the amount of the subsistence minimum for children established in the subject of the Federation for the second quarter of the previous year of applying for this payment. ".
Payments under the program aimed at supporting families at the birth of their first child will amount to 144.5 billion rubles. in three years.
Families with a second and third child will receive mortgage benefits
"I propose to launch a special program mortgage lending... Its opportunities can be used by those families in which a second or third child is born from January 1, 2018. Buying housing in the primary market or refinancing previously received mortgage loans families will be able to count on state subsidies interest rate over 6% per annum, "Putin said.
According to the Central Bank, average rate on mortgages is 10.5%. If a family with a second or third child takes it at this rate, then the state will help with the payment of 4.5%, and 6% will remain for the family. "That is, in this case, the state assumes more than 4% of the cost of the loan. According to the Ministry of Construction, in the next five years, this program can cover more than 500 thousand families," Putin explained.
The authorities will renovate old and build new children's polyclinics
"The government, together with the regions, needs to quickly work out a detailed schedule for the reconstruction and overhaul of children's polyclinics, including polyclinic departments of hospitals," the president said. The government must approve the conditions for co-financing of hospitals and the rules for the selection of polyclinics. "This should be done taking into account the readiness of the design and estimate documentation and, above all, the severity of the problem," the head of state noted and added that such a measure would improve medical care for children.
The authorities will eliminate queues in nurseries and kindergartens
Putin set the task of eliminating the queues at the nursery. “We have practically solved the problem with places in kindergartens. Now we need to eliminate queues in nurseries for children from two months to three years old. And this must be done as soon as possible. Now applications have been received from parents of more than 326 thousand children. The same number of nursery places it is planned to create in the next two years, "the president said.
Regional authorities must take their own measures to increase the birth rate in addition to the existing federal ones. The Ministry of Labor sent letters to the governors with such recommendations. We are talking about additional cash payments, for example, regional maternity capital, improving living conditions for families, creating 12-hour kindergartens. Moreover, the measures should apply to all families, regardless of their income. Additional support is needed as the birth rate has fallen over the past two years and the demographic situation could worsen, officials said.
The need to take additional measures to increase the birth rate is stated in the draft guidelines prepared by the Ministry of Labor. The department has already sent them to the regions (the letter signed by First Deputy Minister Alexei Vovchenko is at the disposal of Izvestia). Based on the recommendations, the authorities of the constituent entities should determine the targets until 2020 “to increase the birth rate, reduce mortality and migration growth»And can propose their additions to the document, after which it will be sent for approval to the government.
The draft Ministry of Labor states that "regional plans should provide for the adoption of new measures that could have an additional stimulating effect on the birth rate." We are talking about additional support from the subjects in addition to the existing federal programs- for example, regional maternity capital, monthly cash payment for the third child, etc., is explained in the document.
The recommendations indicate the main directions of measures to increase the birth rate. This is direct material support - periodic and one-time payments. Also, governors should create "conditions for combining parenting responsibilities and professional responsibilities." This, for example, the creation of additional places in nurseries and kindergartens "in the mode full day(10.5-12 hours of stay) ”. Regional officials were also advised to improve living conditions families with children, to create a “family-friendly environment”.
“Measures to increase the birth rate should be stimulating and not be replaced by measures of social protection provided taking into account the need and targeting. The amount of financial support and non-financial measures for families with children should be significant for potential recipients, ”the document says.
It also states that "in most of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2016 and 2017, there was a negative birth rate dynamics." The decline for the first time in 11 years occurred in 2016 and "indicates that the current measures are insufficient and without additional measures, the decline in the birth rate may increase."
The press service of the Ministry of Labor could not provide prompt comments.
The decline in fertility is associated with a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age, since this age group includes small generations born in the 1990s, the governor's press service noted. Omsk region... Acting Governor Alexander Burkov told Izvestia that additional support measures are already in place in the region, for example, monthly payments for the second and third child (up to the age of three) to families whose income does not exceed the regional subsistence minimum.
Another support measure is the possibility of early use of regional maternity capital funds for gasification living quarters... Since the new year, the size of the cash payment to large families has been increased by 20% - up to 375 rubles a month, now it can be received not every month, but at a time, '' said Alexander Burkov.
The governor of the Kaliningrad region, Anton Alikhanov, told Izvestia that he considers assistance in purchasing housing to be the most effective measure to stimulate the birth rate.
In our region this year, a program of preferential mortgage lending has already begun to operate. That is, money will be allocated from the regional budget to compensate for the costs of obtaining new housing. We plan to close almost the entire first installment. And since for young families now it already works concessional lending, apartments will become more affordable. But we will help not only young people, but all families, regardless of the age and number of children in the family. The main thing is that the child is born in 2018, - said Anton Alikhanov.
He also noted that if the program yields results, it will be extended.
The Governor of the Ulyanovsk Region Sergey Morozov noted that the region will actively protect the rights of pregnant women.
We propose to set lower production rates for them. Women raising children under the age of 14 should be given leave at a convenient time for them. It is important not to let them get cut. Children of working mothers need to be provided with preferential vouchers to health camps, the governor told Izvestia.
Dean of the Faculty of Sociology and Political Science Financial University under the government of the Russian Federation, Alexander Shatilov believes that the targeted material assistance that the regional authorities can offer will not have a significant impact on the birth rate.
Now many people of childbearing age are trying to move to large cities. And their rhythm does not imply the ability to give birth to many children, they are more likely to make money. Therefore, in general, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for living in the regions and raise salaries. Then those who stay in small towns will think about the birth of a child, the expert believes.
As Izvestia wrote earlier, one of the priorities of social policy is to improve the demographic situation. For example, starting this year, Russians will begin to receive payments for the birth of their first child. The maternity capital program was extended until the end of 2021. The years 2018–2027 have been declared the Decade of Childhood.
Recently, the government approved the rules of state support for mortgages for families with children. Subsidized interest rates up to 6% for three or five years are provided for families “at birth from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, respectively, of the second or third child”. Borrowers who take out a loan for an apartment in a new building or refinance an existing one will receive state support.
On November 28, 2017, Vladimir Putin chaired a meeting of the Coordination Council for the implementation of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children in the Kremlin, during which he made several long-awaited statements regarding new measures of social support for families with children, which will start working in January 2018.
In total, the President proposed 6 new social support measures:
Attention
More details about all these proposals can be found in the transcript of the meeting, published on the Kremlin's official website. Below are key excerpts from this speech by Vladimir Putin.
Opening speech by the President on November 28, 2017
Vladimir Putin at a meeting of the Coordination Council for the implementation of the National Strategy for Action for Children:
“You know that this year, in accordance with the Decree Announced the Decade of Childhood... I hope that the Government, implementing this new project, will definitely ensure continuity with the tasks of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children, and the Federation Council will continue to keep these issues in the zone of its constant attention. At the same time, I would like to emphasize that the importance of such areas as strengthening the institution of the family, creating equal opportunities for the full development of all children remains the most important for us.
You know that since the beginning of the 2000s we have been working closely, consistently demographic development... And thanks to thoughtful and, one might say, effective solutions, tasks in this area are being consistently solved. Among the measures that have been introduced and are still working, the maternity capital program has played a special role. Much has already been done in this regard, and the birth rate has begun to rise. Having two children in a family has become a steady trend. Infant mortality has decreased, thanks to the creation of a system of perinatal centers, first of all, it was possible to reach positive indicators natural growth population, which, frankly, no one expected, but it happened. "
“Today we need to take a set of measures that will stabilize and prevent a decline in the population of Russia in the coming decade. Here we need active, consistent work in all areas - both to reduce mortality and to stimulate the birth rate. In fact, we need reset our demographic development policy».“As for the birth rate, support for large families, families with modest incomes, creating additional incentives for the birth of a second and third child.
It is also necessary to pay special attention young families... As a rule, these are families with low incomes, because these are young people who are either still studying or have just entered the labor force, incomes are very modest, as a rule. This often hinders the birth of the first child, the appearance of the first child. "
What measures have been proposed by the President since 2018?
Vladimir Putin:“We, frankly, have been discussing various measures for a long time, the time has come to make a decision, and to announce these proposed new measures. To support the birth rate, I propose starting the implementation of a number of new measures to support Russian families from January 2018:
Namely, funds from maternity capital can be received in the form of monthly payments to those families who are in special need. The same targeted approach will apply here as with payments for the first child. That is, payments will be determined in the amount of the subsistence minimum for a child in the region and for families with incomes that do not exceed one and a half times the subsistence minimum of the working-age population. Also until the child reaches one and a half years.
In addition, now it will be possible to use maternity capital to pay for preschool education services (or rather, to care for and look after a child) from the age of two months. I know that the demand for this measure is very high. In particular, after the birth of the child, the mother will be able to continue her work or education.
- Third direction. As you know, the decision has already been announced to expand the number of regions that will receive co-financing from the federal budget to pay benefits for the third child. These benefits have been paid since 2013. Children under three years of age have the right to them. The criteria for the needs of families, as well as the procedure for assigning payments are established by the legislation of the subjects Russian Federation.
At the same time, let me remind you that co-financing from the federal budget goes to those regions where there is an unfavorable demographic situation and the total fertility rate is below the average for Russia. This year 50 regions of the Russian Federation took advantage of such co-financing conditions.
From January 1, 2018, 60 constituent entities of the Russian Federation will be able to receive support. They will be able to get those regions where, on average, one woman has two or fewer children, that is, the regional fertility rate increases to two. As I said, such a change in the coefficient will enable 60 regions to receive federal assistance to pay benefits for their third child.
- Fourth. The housing issue is extremely important - especially for young families and families with children. I propose to launch a special mortgage lending program. Its opportunities will be able to take advantage of those families in which a second or third child is born from January 1, 2018. Buying housing on the primary market or refinancing previously received mortgage loans, families will be able to count on state subsidies of interest rates in excess of 6 percent per annum. Let me explain, for example, today the weighted average rate in the mortgage lending market is, according to the Bank of Russia, 10.05 percent. That is, in this case, the state assumes more than 4 percent of the cost of the loan. According to the Ministry of Construction, in the next five years, this program can cover more than 500 thousand families.
I'll tell you in more detail. The mortgage lending program will be urgent in nature, provides for subsidizing the interest rate in excess of 6 percent at the birth of the second child - within 3 years from the date of the loan; third child - within 5 years from the date of the loan. Questions may arise: the program will come to an end, and the child has just been born, which in this case. In the event of the birth of a third child during the subsidy period, but no later than December 31, 2022 inclusive, the subsidy period will be extended by 5 years - from the date of the expiry of the subsidy period for the loan received in connection with the birth of the second child. In the event of the birth of a third child after the expiry of the term for granting a subsidy on a loan received in connection with the birth of a second child, but no later than December 31, 2022 inclusive, the subsidy is renewed starting from the date of birth of the third child.
- Fifth. We have practically solved the problem with places in kindergartens. Now we need to eliminate the queues in the nursery - for children from two months to three years. This must be done as quickly as possible. Now applications have been received from the parents of more than 326 thousand children. The same number of nursery places is planned for the next two years.
- Sixth. We need to substantively and consistently work on increasing the availability of medical care for children and, of course, improving its quality. I have already said several times that in recent years there has been a good breakthrough in creating perinatal centers in the regions. However, the state of the majority of children's polyclinics and their equipment leaves much to be desired. There are problems with queues, with an appointment with the right specialist. This state of affairs also serves as a deterrent when deciding whether to have children. Anyway, it just needs to be fixed and improved.
According to preliminary estimates, over 50 billion rubles will be required to reconstruct children's polyclinics, overhaul them and equip them with equipment. It is obvious that the regions, meaning even the assistance that we provided them in the most recent times, will not be able to perform these works only at their own expense. Therefore, in the next three years, the bulk of this amount - 10 billion a year - will be provided by federal budget.
The government, together with the regions, needs to quickly work out a detailed schedule for the reconstruction and overhaul of children's polyclinics, including polyclinic departments of hospitals, as well as approve the conditions for co-financing and the rules for selecting polyclinics, to do this taking into account the readiness of design estimates and, above all, the severity of the problem. "
“I am sure that the implementation of all the proposed measures will bring benefits. I repeat, it comes about the future of the country, about the birth of as many children as possible in Russia, and about the improvement of their living conditions, about the improvement of medical care. "“This is what I wanted to say at the beginning. Thank you very much".
President of Russian Federation Vladimir Putin 28.11.2017
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MOSCOW, November 28 - RIA Novosti. Russian President Vladimir Putin on Tuesday announced a number of initiatives in the socio-demographic sphere, including the extension of the maternity capital program until the end of 2021, subsidizing mortgage rates for families who have a second or third child, as well as the establishment of a monthly payment for the birth of the first child up to one and a half years.
Speaking at a meeting of the Coordinating Council of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children with his proposals, the head of the Russian state noted the need to "reset" the demographic policy in the country.
Extend the mother's capital
The maternity capital program was supposed to end at the end of next year, but on Tuesday Putin proposed extending it until the end of 2021. The Russian leader also proposed to introduce additional opportunities for using the capital.
"Funds from maternity capital can be received in the form of monthly payments to those families who are in special need," Putin said.
According to him, the approach will be targeted. In addition, it will now be possible to use maternity capital to pay for preschool education services, or rather to pay for childcare and childcare from the age of two months. "I know that the demand for this measure is very great, in particular, after the birth of a child, a mother will be able to continue her work or education," the Russian leader explained.
According to the first deputy chairman of the United Russia faction, Andrei Isaev, Putin's decisions related to maternity capital and support for needy families will have a positive effect on the demographic situation.
"Many families are ready to have a second and third child, but they do not have enough own funds on the decision housing problem... And part of the maternity capital remains unclaimed. Therefore, it is extremely important for them to receive additional help, such an opportunity will appear, "he said.
Support the firstborn
Putin said that from January 2018, the Russian Federation will establish a monthly cash payment to families at the birth of their first child, which will be paid until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years. The amount of payments will be calculated on the basis of the child's subsistence minimum established in the subject of the federation. On average, it will amount to 10,523 rubles in 2018, 10,836 rubles in 2019, and 11,143 rubles in 2020. In this case, the payment will be targeted. Financial expenses the implementation of these measures will amount to 144.5 billion rubles in three years.
Diana Gurtskaya, head of the Commission of the Public Chamber (OP) of the Russian Federation for supporting families, mothers and children, among all the measures to support the family to stimulate the birth rate proposed by the president, especially highlighted this initiative.
"I am sure that for many this will be a weighty argument not to put career goals ahead of motherhood," Gurtskaya explained to RIA Novosti.
According to the public figure, specific measures to support families to stimulate the birth rate are "a serious result of the implementation of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Children."
Isaev, the first deputy chairman of the United Russia faction, also considers the decision on monthly payment for the first child.
"The category from zero to one and a half was chosen very correctly, because for a family with children from three to seven years old, the problem has been largely solved thanks to the" kindergartens to children "program, but just when the mother does not work, she stays at home, receiving benefit, not wages, but wants, for example, to start working earlier - providing assistance in this case is most effective, most meaningful. This is the most sensitive moment in this case, "the parliamentarian says.
Tidy up children's clinics
Putin in his speech called for increasing the availability and quality of delivery medical care children and touched upon the problem of the state of children's polyclinics. According to him, according to preliminary estimates, more than 50 billion rubles will be required to carry out their reconstruction, major repairs and additional equipment.
“It is obvious that the regions, bearing in mind even the assistance they have received recently, will not be able to carry out this work only at their own expense. Therefore, in the next three years, the bulk of this amount, 10 billion rubles a year, will be provided by the federal budget, "Putin said.
The government, together with the regions, he added, "needs to quickly work out a detailed schedule for the reconstruction and overhaul of children's polyclinics, including polyclinic departments of hospitals, as well as approve the conditions for co-financing and the rules for selecting polyclinics, to do this taking into account the readiness of design estimates and, above all, acuteness of the problem ".
Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova, following the results of the coordinating council, told reporters that the department supports the president's order on the reconstruction and construction of children's clinics.
“We are faced with the fact that worn-out buildings of polyclinics, in general, require significant renovation. And indeed, (these are) sometimes adapted premises, sometimes in residential buildings... Therefore, the task given by the president to prepare a reconstruction program, overhaul, we warmly support the construction of new polyclinics, "said Skvortsova.
She also believes that the measures proposed by Putin to improve the situation in the demography of Russia are "full-fledged" and "concern all facets and social assistance, social protection and medical support."
Mortgage special program
Putin proposed launching a special mortgage lending program for families in which a second or third child will be born starting January 1, 2018. Buying housing on the primary market or refinancing previously received mortgage loans, such families will be able to count on government subsidies of interest rates in excess of 6% per annum.
According to the chairman of the State Duma committee on financial market Anatoly Aksakov, the program proposed by the President of the Russian Federation will be in demand both by such families and banks.
"This is good program, absolutely correct, many thanks to participation in it will be able to solve their problems. It is also beneficial for banks. They will receive money from the budget, and since this is still a good mortgage product - there is good security there, the banks will work with interest with it, "the RIA Novosti deputy said, commenting on the proposal of the head of state.
Alexei Popov, head of the CIAN analytical center, believes that the implementation of this initiative will make apartments in new buildings more accessible for families with two or more children by 7-8%.
"Expanding the availability of mortgage products for families with several children may lead to an increase in demand for 2-3-room apartments, which now remain unsold in many projects due to the increased popularity of studios and one-room apartments," Popov explained to RIA Real Estate.
Money and funds will be found
As the speaker of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko told reporters, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation had preliminary calculated the costs of all the social measures proposed by the President and confirmed the possibility of their implementation.
"The President never introduces anything without preliminary study, I know this. Therefore, of course, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, the Ministry of Finance have calculated all these measures and confirmed the possibility of their implementation," Matvienko said.
According to her, amendments to the legislation will be promptly prepared and new measures to support families will be reflected in the 2018 budget.
According to Natalya Porokhova, head of the ACRA research and forecasting group, subsidizing the mortgage rate for families who have a second or third child will require 10 billion rubles annually, which is a relatively modest budget subsidy.
"Families who will have their 2nd or 3rd child in 2018 - 0.5% of the population of the Russian Federation. If the usual mechanism is assumed - subsidizing the difference between market rates and social rate on a mortgage, the measure will require relatively modest budget subsidies (no more than 10 billion rubles a year), "says Porokhova.
Chief Economist of the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) Yaroslav Lisovolik believes that the initiatives in the social sphere, voiced by Putin, can be financed from additional oil and gas revenues of the RF budget.
“I think the compromise here can be more likely that the projections of the Ministry of Finance's budget are rather conservative and, perhaps, it is possible to envisage the possibility of implementing such initiatives at the expense of additional income budget, which are obtained by exceeding the oil prices that we are now seeing. Probably, such a compromise would be possible in conditions when, on the one hand, it is necessary to adapt to the decline in oil prices for the last three to four years and, on the other hand, it is necessary to stimulate growth and maintain the well-being of the population, "Lisovolik told RIA Novosti.
“Probably, this will be resolved in this way - that is, due to the fact that priority in the distribution of additional budget revenues will be given to such projects,” he added.
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