Module 7 development of construction organization projects. Construction organization project
The construction of any industrial and civil facility is carried out on the basis of a pre-developed project, in which its model is graphically displayed and information about its operational characteristics is provided, estimated cost, the material and technical resources necessary for its construction, as well as the basic provisions for organizing construction and carrying out construction and installation work.
In general, the following design order is possible:
in one stage - a detailed design with a summary cost estimate for facilities built according to standard projects, reuse projects and simple objects;
in two stages - a project with a summary cost estimate and working drawings with estimates for large and complex objects.
The general designer or a specialized organization also develops a construction organization project (COP).
The initial data for compiling a PIC are feasibility studies for construction (TES), materials from geological and topographic surveys, decisions on the use of building materials and structures, construction machines, etc.
In the PIC used for distribution capital investments according to the construction period, includes:
– construction schedule;
– construction general plan;
– organizational and technological schemes for the construction of main buildings and structures;
– statement of volumes of construction and installation work;
– schedule of the need for building materials, structures, products by construction periods, etc.
The construction process of the facility includes three stages:
Stage 1 - organizational preparation - approval of the technical project and financial estimates, provision of construction with materials, structures, parts, development and approval of working drawings, identification of contractors, allocation land plot for construction, etc.;
Stage 2 - construction and installation work to prepare the site for construction - clearing and leveling the site, creating a general site storage facility; installation of temporary buildings and structures, engineering site preparation (installation of access roads, laying underground communications, etc.);
Stage 3 – the main period of construction of the facility.
2. Projects for organizing construction and work execution
Organizational forms of construction production. For the smooth and efficient functioning of construction production, it is necessary to have a clear, scientifically based organization at the initial stage and to constantly maintain coordinated interaction between its participants during the construction of objects. Organizational forms of construction production depend on the methods of performing construction and installation work, which are divided into contract and economic.
Contract method provides for the performance of construction and installation work by special permanent contract construction and installation organizations on the basis of contracts concluded with customers. As customers(developers) are ministries, departments, enterprises, organizations, directorates of enterprises under construction, which are allocated capital investment limits for construction. Contract agreements define the rights and obligations of the contracting parties to carry out construction and installation work and provide construction resources with resources.
The customer draws up title lists of construction projects, provides the facilities under construction with design and estimate documentation, equipment, special materials, energy resources, operational personnel, and also resolves issues of allocating land for development, carrying out design and survey work and financing construction.
The customer enters into an agreement, as a rule, with a general construction organization, which acts as a general contractor. The general contracting organization carries out part of the construction and installation work on its own, and to perform special work it engages specialized organizations on a contractual basis as subcontractors, coordinates and organizes their joint work and is responsible for the quality and timely commissioning of the facilities under construction.
Subcontractors carry out certain types of specialized work or carry out the construction of special buildings and structures and are responsible for the timely and high-quality completion of these works.
Economic method consists in the fact that customer organizations, along with the main production activities, carry out construction and installation work on their own - construction divisions created for these purposes. In this case, customers also perform all the functions of the developer, as in the contract method. Contract method has significant advantages over the economic one, since due to specialization, cooperation and industrialization of construction production it allows to reduce the duration, reduce the cost and improve the quality of construction of objects.
Specialization- the most progressive form of social organization of production, based on the division of labor. Construction organizations specialize according to industry, object (subject) and technological characteristics.
In the first case, construction and installation organizations specialize in the construction of enterprises, buildings, and structures for specific industries (metallurgical, chemical, agricultural, etc.). In the second, the specialization of organizations takes place at the level of individual objects (residential buildings, wastewater treatment plants, roads, etc.). In the third, organizations specialize in performing certain types of work (earth, concrete, finishing, electrical, plumbing, etc.).
Specialized organizations are equipped with high-performance machines and tools, staffed with qualified personnel and ensure that work is performed with high quality in deadlines.
Manufacturers and suppliers of building structures, products and materials included in construction plants, together with transport and construction and installation organizations, form a single conveyor belt producing semi-finished and finished construction products. In practice, most enterprises in the construction industry are not part of construction plants and are subordinated to construction and installation trusts or territorial construction departments.
Organization of facility design. As noted above, the construction of any building or structure is impossible without the preliminary development of a project, which graphically displays a model of the object and provides information about its operational characteristics, estimated cost, material and technical resources necessary for its construction, as well as basic provisions for organizing construction and production construction and installation works. The technical and economic level of the created object, its durability, material consumption, labor intensity and duration of construction depend on the quality of design solutions.
When developing projects, the most effective solutions for the use of advanced building materials, structures, technological processes and rational methods of construction are considered and selected.
Construction design in our country is carried out according to uniform state norms and standards for all sectors of the national economy. Before the start of design, feasibility studies (TES) are developed - for large and complex objects or technical and economic calculations (TEC) - for other enterprises, buildings and structures. The feasibility study and feasibility study determine the procedure for developing design and estimate documentation: in two stages - design and working documentation or in one stage - a working draft.
With two-stage design the project serves as the basis for the development of working documentation. The project contains initial documents for design and the main technological and construction design solutions necessary to determine the cost of the entire construction according to aggregated indicators: general construction plan; space-planning, structural and architectural solutions for buildings and structures, lists of standard projects used, cost estimates; environmental protection measures; an explanatory note with a brief summary of the content of the project, the capacity and composition of the enterprise's facilities, its technical and economic indicators, data on the provision of production with personnel, raw materials, materials, energy, water and other resources, the conditions for providing housing and cultural and social services for workers at the enterprise and at its construction. In addition, the project contains custom specifications for technological equipment and application lists for serial general plant equipment, instruments, fittings, cable and other products, as well as technical requirements for the development of non-standardized equipment.
The project must be agreed upon with the general contractor, reviewed by an expert commission and approved in the prescribed manner.
Working documentation consists of general and detailed drawings:
– a detailed master plan with transport networks, underground and surface communications, and landscaping;
– buildings and structures, diagrams of networks and pipelines, drawings of water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, gas supply, energy supply, alarm, communication and automation systems;
– devices related to occupational health, safety and environmental measures;
– drawings and lists of standard projects used, tied to the area, standard structures, standards, normals, custom specifications for equipment and special materials;
– statements of volumes of construction and installation work and required materials, parts, structures, passports, projects for individual objects;
– lists of drawings included in the working documentation.
Projects and working documentation for new construction, expansion and reconstruction of existing enterprises and facilities must be coordinated with state supervisory authorities and subject to examination before their approval.
The approved project and working documentation, including estimates, are the basis for planning and financing the construction of the facility, ordering equipment and materials, as well as concluding a construction contract.
Conclusion of contract agreements. After the inclusion of objects in the state construction plan, the customer and the general contractor enter into a contract agreement, which defines the mutual obligations and responsibilities of the parties, financial relationships and sanctions, the timing of completion of construction and commissioning of objects.
The draft contract is developed by the general contractor.
Independent sections of organizational preparation for construction are the development of a construction organization project (COP) and a work execution project (PPR).
Construction organization project– an independent section and an integral part of the project and working documentation for the construction of industrial and civil buildings, structures and their complexes.
The PIC is a documented construction model from the beginning of preparatory construction and installation work to the full completion of construction, which determines the sequence and methods of carrying out all work in queues, launch complexes, units, objects, completion time and physical volumes of work for the selected stages in conjunction with support of these works with all types of resources (material, energy, labor, machine, etc.).
PICs are developed with the aim of justifying and regulating the timing of commissioning of residential and civil facilities, launch complexes and enterprises in general. The PIC serves as the basis for distributing the volume of capital investments and construction and installation work by year of construction. The PIC also defines activities related to the organization and development production base construction.
Initial documents for the development of the PIC: feasibility study and feasibility study for design and construction, design assignments, engineering survey data, approval documents for connecting the facility under construction to existing energy supply sources, networks and communications, basic technical solutions of the project and working documentation. The PIC is developed by the General Design Organization and, on its instructions, sub-designers simultaneously with the development of the construction part of the project in order to link space-planning and design solutions with the requirements of the organization and technology of construction production.
The development of the PIC is based on compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents, best practices and the latest achievements of construction science and technology, taking into account the need to combine the time of performing general construction, installation and special works using in-line methods with linking the methods of their implementation. The PIC should provide for: ensuring the priority implementation of work during the preparatory period; compliance with plans and assignments to increase labor productivity, the level of mechanization, prefabrication, reduce labor intensity, reduce the cost of construction and installation work; introduction of comprehensive mechanization of work with the maximum use of mechanization equipment in two shifts or more, as well as the use of small-scale mechanization equipment; use of modern technical means of dispatch communication and implementation of automated control systems in construction; limiting the construction of temporary buildings and structures by prioritizing the construction of permanent buildings within production facilities that can be used for this purpose; compliance with industrial sanitation and safety regulations; implementation of measures for nature protection and reclamation of agricultural lands and forests disturbed during construction work.
In general, the PIC includes (the contents of individual documents are given with some abbreviation):
1) construction schedule- the general calendar terms and sequence of construction are determined (by queues, start-up complexes and main facilities), as well as the volume of work in monetary terms by year of construction. The calendar plan for the preparatory period is drawn up separately (with the distribution of work volumes by month);
2) construction master plans for the preparatory and main periods of construction - the location of construction facilities on the territory of the construction site is graphically determined;
3) organizational and technological diagrams- the optimal sequence of construction of buildings and structures is determined, indicating the technological sequence of work;
4) bill of quantities main construction, installation and special construction works, highlighting work on main buildings and structures, start-up or urban planning complexes and construction periods;
5) statement of requirements in building structures, products, materials and equipment;
6) schedule of requirements for basic construction machines and vehicles ;
7) staffing requirements schedule builders by main categories;
8) explanatory note– characteristics of construction conditions; justification of construction and installation work methods; instructions on methods of instrumental control over the quality of structures; occupational safety measures; conditions for preserving the natural environment; justification of the need for construction machinery, mechanisms, vehicles, electrical energy, steam, water, oxygen, acetylene, compressed air, as well as temporary buildings and structures; list of main construction organizations; justification of the size and equipment of storage areas; justification of the need for construction personnel, housing and social services for builders; justification for the duration of construction of the facility; technical and economic indicators.
The justification for all needs and costs must include the sources of their coverage.
The design organization must coordinate with the general contractor the main decisions of the construction project: transport schemes for the delivery of local building materials and structures to the construction site; types of construction machines used and modes of transport; types of local building materials; proposals for the use and development of the construction production base, etc. The PIC is approved as part of the project and working documentation.
Based on the PIC, the construction organization implementing the project (general contractor) or, on its order, a design institute, develop design documentation for the direct execution of work - a work execution plan (WPP).
Project of work production is a documented model of construction processes for the construction of objects from the beginning of preparatory construction and installation work to the commissioning of objects, which determines the types and volumes of construction and installation work for each object, the sequence and timing of their implementation, the need and timing of arrival at the construction site all types of material and technical resources, construction machines, workers, and also provide rational technology and safe conditions for performing work.
The approved PPR is the basis for operational planning, control, regulation and accounting of construction production. PPR are developed with the aim of regulating the implementation of construction and installation works in the most effective methods with a study of the optimal composition of teams of workers, sets of construction mechanisms and manual machines, ensuring a reduction in construction duration, a reduction in labor intensity, cost and an improvement in the quality of construction and installation work.
Source documents for the development of the PPR: assignment for the development of the PPR, PIC; working documentation for the construction of the facility; estimate for the construction of the facility and summary construction estimate; initial data on the availability and capacity of construction production base enterprises, the capacity and workload of existing construction and installation general contracting and subcontracting organizations and their staffing levels, the composition of the fleet of construction machines, vehicles and other types of transport; information on the procedure and timing of delivery of technological, energy, plumbing and other equipment and special materials by the customer; data on the supply of building structures, products, materials; other information necessary for the development of project documentation for construction and installation works.
The development of PPR is based on compliance with the requirements of relevant regulatory documents, instructions and guidelines for the production and acceptance of construction and installation works.
The PPR should provide for the introduction of rational methods, best practices and scientific and technical achievements in the field of construction production.
The decisions made in the PPR should ensure: reduction in the labor intensity of work due to comprehensive mechanization and hand-held machines; reducing the duration of construction due to the maximum time combination of general construction and specialized work and reducing the duration of each work; increasing worker productivity through the introduction of advanced methods of organizing workplaces, scientific organization of labor, and the introduction of team contracting; reducing the cost of construction and installation work; compliance with labor protection, safety regulations, industrial sanitation and fire safety.
PPR are developed for: construction of a building, structure or part thereof (assembly); Certain types of work that are difficult to perform; preparatory period of construction.
In general, the PPR for the construction of a building, structure or its part (assembly) includes (the contents of individual documents are given with some abbreviation):
1) work schedule by object or calendar network schedule - the sequence and timing of work are established, the need for labor resources and mechanization is determined;
2) construction master plan– the location of construction facilities on the construction site of the facility is graphically determined, linked to the location of buildings, structures, networks and communications under construction;
3) admission schedules to the site of building structures, products, materials and equipment;
4) workforce movement schedules by object and basic construction machines by object;
5) technological maps (schemes) for execution individual species works;
6) solutions for geodetic work– the layout of signs for performing geodetic constructions and measurements is determined, as well as the necessary accuracy and technical means of geodetic control of construction and installation work;
7) safety solutions;
8) implementation activities(if necessary) work on a rotational basis;
10) laying solutionstemporary water networks-, warm- and energy supply and lighting of construction sites and workplaces;
11) lists of technological equipment and installation equipment;
12) explanatory note -justification of work decisions; the need for energy resources and solutions to cover it;
list of mobile(inventory) buildings and structures with calculation of needs and justification of the conditions for linking them to construction sites sites; measures to ensure the safety of materials, productsAnddesigns; measures to protect existing buildings and structures from damage, environmental measures, technical- economic indicators.
PPR for the implementation of certain types of work should consist of a calendar plan for the production of work, construction master plan, technological map and a short explanatory note with the necessary justifications and technical- economic indicators.
The quality of the developed PPR is checked by comparing them with the reference PPR for similar objects in terms of technical level- economic indicators.
Construction organization project (COP) is design documentation for organizing the construction process, rational construction of the facility, and timely commissioning. For a better understanding of this concept, let us consider the composition of the construction organization project in more detail.
Any construction must be promptly completed with documentation on the organization of the construction process and the execution of work, which should be developed taking into account the latest scientific and technical achievements, best practices in the joint performance of construction, installation, and special works, and the linking of methods for their implementation. The development of a construction organization project is carried out by a design company as part of a technical (working - technical) project.
General requirements
- When determining the composition of the construction organization project, its content, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the complexity of the construction of the facility, based on its volumetric planning, design solutions, degree of typification and unification.
- The issues of the necessary use of special auxiliary buildings and structures, additional devices and devices, and the feasibility of carrying out special work are considered.
- The conditions for delivery of materials, structures, products, and other cargo transportation to the construction site are taken into account.
- The construction organization project is developed to the extent provided for by the working drawings. When constructing an object in several stages, the construction organization project is developed for the full scope of construction, regardless of whether there will be a technological break or not.
Sections of the construction organization project
- Enlarged network diagram , which determines the time period for preparation project documentation and the duration of construction of the facility, as well as the order of construction of the entire list of facilities, the delivery time of equipment.
- Calendar plan , which sets the construction time frame for all facilities - main and auxiliary, indicating the cost and volume of work by quarter and year of construction. A calendar plan for preparatory work is drawn up using the same principle, but the timing and planned volumes are distributed on a monthly basis.
- Situational plan is part of the construction organization project when the construction involves the neighboring territory adjacent to the construction site. The situational plan determines the location of quarries, access roads, material and technical supply bases, places of residence, railway tracks and stations, power lines, and communications. The plan includes the boundaries between existing buildings and the construction site, temporarily alienated areas for the construction period and the demolition of green spaces, if necessary when organizing work, and other points. All this is drawn up in the form of a drawing.
- Construction master plan . This is a drawing that contains all the technical details - economic indicators construction, an explication is given for all buildings and structures located on the construction site, their location - both temporary buildings and structures, household camps, and permanent ones with a serial number assigned to them. These buildings are drawn on the scale of the general plan. Also, the composition of the construction organization project provides for designating all temporary passages, tower crane rail tracks, material storage areas, temporary water supply networks, electricity supply, heat and gas supply, and other construction site supply networks, indicating connection points to existing networks after agreement with the relevant services.
- Organizational and technological schemes of construction and execution of work . This part of the project indicates the order of construction of main and auxiliary facilities, the composition of energy facilities, external networks and sewerage structures, water supply, heat and gas supply networks (pumping and transformer stations, heating points, etc.), and improvement facilities.
- Geodetic support of the construction site . It includes instructions on the procedure for performing a geodetic breakdown for construction, decisions on the timing and sequence of creating the geodetic basis of the construction site. Scheme elevation marks, project vertical layout with a cartogram and a diagram of the movement of earth masses, other geodetic data for construction.
- List of quantities of main works . Volumes are determined according to design documentation with division of work by objects and calendar stages of construction.
- List of needs for materials, products and structures, equipment . The general need and the need for construction periods according to the calendar plan for material resources are indicated, in accordance with the volume of work according to the design documentation, based on the norms of material consumption.
- Schedule of requirements for construction equipment, vehicles . Establishes the quantity, type and power of main equipment at construction stages, based on physical volumes, the volume of cargo transportation, production standards for construction machines, and transport.
- Schedule of personnel requirements for construction specialties. Establishes the need for workers in certain specialties based on the volume of construction and planned production standards.
- Explanatory note. The composition includes calculations, justifications, schedules from all of the above sections of the construction organization project. Measures for environmental protection, labor protection, recommendations for the selection of temporary buildings and structures, special auxiliary structures, various devices, and installations are reflected. If the composition of temporary structures and networks are complex, then the design firm must develop working drawings simultaneously with a package of basic working documentation. Justification of the size of warehouse and installation sites, transportation solutions during the installation of building structures, equipment, necessary requirements, which must be taken into account when drawing up working documentation in accordance with accepted installation methods provided for by the construction organization project . According to the construction duration standards, the explanatory note of the construction organization project must include calculations of the accepted standard value duration of construction of the facility. The text part of the explanatory note contains all the required justification, technical and economic, geodetic, graphic indicators, and other materials.
The construction organization project is coordinated with the general contracting organization entrusted with this construction.
Composition of the construction organization project (COP) is regulated by government decree No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content.” POS is intended for design definition volumes of construction and installation work, the need for labor and material and technical resources, clarifying the timing of construction and commissioning of the facility, approving the procedure for performing construction and installation work. Based on the construction organization project developed for the entire range of work on the construction site, work execution plans (WPP) are drawn up for each individual object with specific details. Engineers of the PNProject company carry out the development of POS in a two-stage design at the “Project” stage, PPR - at the “Detailed Documentation” stage. Regulatory framework SNiP 12-01 “Construction Organization” is used to develop the PIC
Priority objectives of the construction organization project
Initial data for PIC development
- Technical specifications for design.
- Situation plan, geological basis and general plan of the site.
- Project documentation (drawings and explanatory notes) for architectural, constructive solutions and engineering networks.
- Established start and finish dates for work in accordance with customer requirements.
- Data on the possibility of using water and electricity for the period of construction work.
- Information about the territorial location of supplier enterprises.
- Special terms of contracts for the supply of materials, equipment, structures.
- Data about possible ways disposal of construction waste.
- Information about the possibility of living staff in existing buildings or temporary shelters.
- If it is necessary to carry out dismantling work, a project for organizing dismantling work.
Composition of the construction organization project
- Consolidated calendar plan for performing work on a construction site. The plan includes the timing, sequence and volume of construction and installation work, broken down by construction period.
- Site-wide construction master plan drawn up for the main and preparatory periods construction.
- Organizational and technological diagrams that reflect the sequence and specifics of the work.
- List of quantities of construction and installation work in accordance with design and estimate documentation.
- Statements reflecting the need for materials, structures, equipment, construction vehicles and mechanisms.
- List of needs and working personnel of various categories.
- An explanatory note that provides the rationale for the decisions made.
Master schedule
A consolidated calendar plan is a specially designed model of the construction process, reflecting the sequence and timing of construction and installation work. The document divides construction into stages, technological units and start-up complexes. The initial data for developing a schedule, in addition to project documentation, is information about the technical capabilities of the contractor, the availability of workers and production and technological equipment.
A well-thought-out and reasonable schedule is the basis for the normal progress of construction. Errors in the preparation of this document lead to non-compliance with construction deadlines, expenses exceeding the estimated cost, inconsistency in the actions of workers, and sudden interruptions in work. PNProject specialists pay special attention to drawing up a construction schedule. Based on our own experience and current standards, we develop the optimal sequence of work to ensure maximum economic efficiency without loss of quality of operations.
The consolidated calendar plan contains information about the composition of work teams, the volume, shifts, labor intensity, and machine intensity of work. The calculated values of the indicators are consistent with the standard ones, and if necessary, the necessary adjustments are made. Based on the consolidated calendar plan, object calendar plans are drawn up that regulate the process of construction of individual objects, and working calendar schedules with a detailed study of the sequence of construction operations.
General site construction plan
The site-wide construction master plan is intended to optimize production and living conditions for work, to ensure the normal operation of machines and mechanisms, storage and delivery of materials, products and structures, as well as to create safe working conditions for working personnel. The level of total costs for organizing and planning the main sections of the construction site depends on how well the construction plan is drawn up. The construction plan indicates the location:
![](https://i0.wp.com/pnproject.ru/images/thumbnails/images/content/pos/POS-2-fill-350x224.jpg)
The general site construction plan includes the site layout itself, an explication of objects, fragments of the plan to explain certain important points, symbols, notes and technical and economic indicators.
Explanatory note to the PIC
The text part of the construction organization project contains:
- characteristics of the land plot allocated for construction;
- description of the conditions and complexity of construction work;
- assessment of existing transport infrastructure;
- justification of selected construction technologies;
- explanations about the construction equipment used;
- justification of the need for fuel, electricity, water, steam and other energy resources;
- justification of the need for specialists of various qualifications;
- labor and environmental protection measures;
- justification of the sequence of work and other organizational and technological principles;
- description of specific working conditions (in cramped urban conditions, in the presence of underwater communications, power lines);
- justification of the timing of all stages of construction;
- explanations for construction master plans;
- description of labor and environmental protection measures;
- recommendations for improving the quality of construction and installation work;
- recommendations for the development of working drawings based on design documentation;
- measures to monitor the condition of buildings located in close proximity to the construction site.
PNProject specialists pay close attention to every point of the work organization project, since the effectiveness of the construction process is influenced by even the smallest nuances specified in the PIC. We take into account the real situation that is developing at the site and find a balance of timing, cost and quality of work, without deviating from the requirements of government regulations.
To order a preliminary estimate of the cost of developing a PIC and other sections of the project, contact our technical specialist by phone or fill out the feedback form. We will draw up a commercial proposal, which will specify the cost and timing of the project development.
In accordance with SNiGT 3.01.01-85, mandatory documentation regulating the organization of construction includes:
- construction organization project (COP)
- work execution project (WPP)
Construction Organization Project (COP) - this is documentation in which issues of rational organization of construction of the entire complex of objects at a given construction site are resolved.
Work execution project (WPP) - documentation that elaborates in detail the issues of rational technology and organization of construction of a specific object at a given construction site.
Based on the PIC, many PDPs are compiled, specifying PIC solutions for individual objects. For example, a PIC may cover the construction of a large irrigation and drainage system with all its facilities - main, distribution canals, head and other structures - pumping stations, siphons, aqueducts, bridges over canals, etc. The PPR will only consider any object of this system, for example, a pumping station, an aqueduct, etc. In industrial construction, the POS can cover the entire plant or any of its large installations, and PPRs will be compiled for each facility of such an installation.
Sometimes, with large volumes of work, work permits are drawn up not for the object, but for some type of work, for example, for excavation work, for the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, for roofing work, etc. Similar projects were widely used in the construction of such plants as VAZ and KAMAZ. Previously, such documents were usually called work organization projects (WOP), but in current standards (SNiP 3.01.01-85*) they are also called WPR with the caveat that these are projects for the production of specific works.
POS. usually developed by the general designer or, on his instructions, by some other (subcontractor) design organization. In a two-stage design, the PIC is developed at the first stage “Project”. The PPR is usually developed by the general contractor or a specialized organization attracted by it. In any case, the PPR is approved by the head of the general contracting organization. In a two-stage design, the PPR is drawn up at the “Detailed Documentation” stage (in time this usually coincides with the organizational preparation of construction). The composition of the PIC and PPR is regulated by SNiP 3.01.01-85.
With one-stage design, an abbreviated project for the organization and execution of work is drawn up.
Carrying out construction and installation works without approved PIC and PPR is prohibited by Russian standards, and all deviations from the PIC and PPR must be agreed upon with the organizations that developed and approved them.
The main parts of the PIC and PPR are the construction plan and calendar plan, on the basis of which all kinds of statements and schedules for the consumption of various resources are compiled.
Stroygenplan, “general site” or “facility”, represents a part, respectively, of the PIC or PPR, which addresses the issues of rational placement on the entire construction site or a separate object of lifting mechanisms, places for storing materials, temporary roads and other construction facilities. As noted, in the PIC these issues are considered in detail for the entire complex of site facilities, in the PPR - in detail, only for one facility.
![](https://i2.wp.com/construction-technology.ru/5/5.1.gif)
For large construction projects, especially hydraulic and drainage projects, the PIC may also include " situational plan"covering a large area surrounding the construction site, measured in tens and sometimes hundreds of kilometers." It shows objects related to construction.
Calendar plan(schedule) represents a part of the PIC or PPR, in which issues of rational sequence and duration of work are resolved (the terms “schedule” and “schedule plan” in construction practice are most often used as synonyms).
Like the construction plan, the calendar plan in the PIC (“consolidated”) covers in aggregate (as a rule, in monetary terms - in thousands of rubles) the entire complex of site facilities; in the PPR - in detail (in physical volumes), but only for one object for which the PPR is being drawn up.
Based on the calendar plan in the PIC, a list of construction and installation work volumes is compiled, broken down by objects and construction periods. If necessary, other statements (arrangement schedules) are drawn up for structures, products, materials, for construction machines, for workers in the main specialties.
In the PPR, these issues are studied in more detail in relation to a specific facility, in particular, a labor movement schedule is drawn up, showing how many people should work at the facility every month (week, day). Depending on the specifics and complexity of construction, the contents of the state technical specifications and PPR may vary.
For example, in POS of hydraulic engineering and water management facilities should contain a solution to a number of additional issues related to methods of passing water flows, ice in the river during construction periods ("construction costs"), passing ships if the river is navigable, passage of fish, etc. Schemes for passing flows in the river, methods for blocking and diverting the river bed during the construction period must be developed. The calendar and plan must indicate the timing of these expenses at certain stages of the construction period, the timing of blocking the riverbed, and the timing of filling the reservoir. Construction plans must indicate structures and devices to ensure the passage of the specified construction costs, a breakdown of the order of work on the construction of a unit or complex of hydraulic structures, and the order of commissioning of irrigation areas.
IN POS for anti-landslide and anti-collapse protective structures it is necessary to resolve issues related to taking into account the specific natural conditions of the construction area. This includes, for example, forecasting the activity and intensity of landslide and landslide processes for the construction period and the development of measures to ensure the stability of slopes and slopes for this period. The construction schedule must take into account the need to complete or temporarily stop earthworks before the onset of rainy periods of the year. On the construction plan, places for dumps and soil storage must be placed so that they do not fall into the landslide zone. Decisions on the organization of drainage, water reduction and special methods of soil consolidation, if any, should be provided.
IN POS anti-mudflow protective structures issues of taking into account the specific natural conditions of construction occupy an even greater place. These are skip solutions (in necessary cases) floods and mudflows through unfinished structures, ensuring their safety. This may include decisions on the seasonality of certain types of work, depending on local conditions. The calendar plan should provide instructions on the timing of the possible formation of a mudflow according to forecasts from survey materials. The PIC of such structures should cover the issues of locating service points for monitoring the formation of mudflows and ensuring their reliable communication with the construction control center. The issues of placing industrial base facilities, residential villages and access roads in a safe zone must be carefully considered, as well as possible ways evacuation of people and construction equipment. The PIC must contain requirements for the mode of work during the mudflow period.
Increased role purely natural factors typical for the construction of almost all environmental facilities.
For complex facilities, where new production technologies, unique equipment or new building structures are used for the first time, PICs also arise additional questions. For example, priority and deadlines must be established scientific research associated with such construction. These are mainly full-scale experiments, routine observations, and preparation of various advisory documents. The features of geodetic and other instrumental control of the construction of structures should be indicated. In these cases, it is recommended to draw up an enlarged network schedule or line schedule, to work on issues of communication and operational dispatch management of construction.
An important element of the PIC and PPR is the explanatory note. It characterizes the conditions and difficulties of construction, indicates measures for labor protection and environmental protection, substantiates the size of warehouse space, the number and size of auxiliary temporary structures and premises, calculations of temporary networks engineering communications, selection of machines and mechanisms, i.e. justification for all decisions made in the graphic part. IN explanatory note technical and economic indicators of construction are given (in the PIC - for the entire complex of objects, in the PPR - for one specific object).
More information on this topic HERE.
Construction Organization Project (COP)- this is documentation in which issues of rational organization of construction of the entire complex of objects at a given construction site are resolved.
POKR- Organization projects overhaul should be developed with the aim of increasing the efficiency and quality of repairs through the rational organization of repair and construction work, ensuring their timely completion with the least expenditure of labor and other types of resources, as well as putting into operation completed capital repairs of objects within the established time frame. Projects for organizing capital repairs should serve as the basis for resolving issues of organizational and technical preparation and implementation of repairs, distribution of costs for repairs and repair and construction work (commercial construction products) by calendar periods (quarters, months), taking into account the requirements for the duration of repairs and provision of backlog and must be taken into account when justifying the estimated cost of repairs.
VSN 41-85(r)- 1.4 Carrying out major repairs without an approved project for organizing major repairs and a project for carrying out work is prohibited.
In accordance with regulatory documents Russian Federation It is prohibited to carry out construction and installation work without an approved construction organization project (POS, POKR). The construction organization project is a mandatory document for the customer, contractors, as well as organizations providing financing and logistical support for construction.
Carrying out construction and installation works without approved PIC and PPR is prohibited by Russian standards, and all deviations from the PIC and PPR must be agreed upon with the organizations that developed and approved them.
Based on the PIC, many PDPs are compiled, specifying PIC solutions for individual objects. For example, a PIC may cover the construction of a large irrigation and drainage system with all its facilities - main, distribution canals, head and other structures - pumping stations, siphons, aqueducts, bridges over canals, etc. The PPR will only consider any object of this system, for example, a pumping station, an aqueduct, etc. In industrial construction, the POS can cover the entire plant or any of its large installations, and PPRs will be compiled for each facility of such an installation.
The PIC is usually developed by the general designer or, on his instructions, by some other (subcontractor) design organization. In a two-stage design, the PIC is developed at the first stage “Project”. The PPR is usually developed by the general contractor or a specialized organization attracted by it. In any case, the PPR is approved by the head of the general contracting organization. In a two-stage design, the PPR is drawn up at the “Detailed Documentation” stage (in time this usually coincides with the organizational preparation of construction). The composition of the PIC and PPR is regulated by SNiP 12-01-2004 instead of SNiP 3.01.01-85.
The main parts of the PIC and PPR are the construction plan and calendar plan, on the basis of which all kinds of statements and schedules for the consumption of various resources are compiled.
Stroygenplan, “general site” or “facility”, represents a part, respectively, of the PIC or PPR, which addresses the issues of rational placement on the entire construction site or a separate object of lifting mechanisms, places for storing materials, temporary roads and other construction facilities. As noted, in the PIC these issues are considered in detail for the entire complex of site facilities, in the PPR - in detail, only for one facility.
The POS for hydraulic engineering and water management facilities must contain a solution to a number of additional issues related to methods of passing water flows, ice in the river during construction periods ("construction costs"), passing ships if the river is navigable, passage of fish, etc. Schemes for passing flows in the river, methods for blocking and diverting the river bed during the construction period must be developed. The calendar and plan must indicate the timing of these expenses at certain stages of the construction period, the timing of blocking the riverbed, and the timing of filling the reservoir. Construction plans must indicate structures and devices to ensure the passage of the specified construction costs, a breakdown of the order of work on the construction of a unit or complex of hydraulic structures, and the order of commissioning of irrigation areas.
In the PIC of anti-landslide and anti-collapse protective structures, it is necessary to resolve issues related to taking into account the specific natural situation of the construction area. This includes, for example, forecasting the activity and intensity of landslide and landslide processes for the construction period and the development of measures to ensure the stability of slopes and slopes for this period. The construction schedule should take into account the need to complete or temporarily stop excavation work before the onset of rainy periods of the year. On the construction plan, places for dumps and soil storage must be placed so that they do not fall into the landslide zone. Decisions on the organization of drainage, water reduction and special methods of soil consolidation, if any, should be provided.
In the PIC of anti-mudflow protective structures, the issues of taking into account the specific natural conditions of construction occupy an even greater place. These are solutions for passing (if necessary) floods and mudflows through unfinished structures while ensuring their safety. This may include decisions on the seasonality of certain types of work, depending on local conditions. The calendar plan should provide instructions on the timing of the possible formation of a mudflow according to forecasts from survey materials. The PIC of such structures should cover the issues of locating service points for monitoring the formation of mudflows and ensuring their reliable communication with the construction control center. The issues of placing industrial base facilities, residential villages and access roads in a safe zone, as well as possible evacuation routes for people and construction equipment, must be carefully considered. The PIC must contain requirements for the mode of work during the mudflow period.
The increased role of purely natural factors is typical for the construction of almost all environmental facilities.
For complex facilities where new production technologies, unique equipment or new building structures are used for the first time in the PIC, additional questions also arise. For example, the priority and timing of scientific research related to such construction should be established. These are mainly full-scale experiments, routine observations, and preparation of various advisory documents. The features of geodetic and other instrumental control of the construction of structures should be indicated. In these cases, it is recommended to draw up an enlarged network schedule or line schedule, to work on issues of communication and operational dispatch management of construction.
An important element of the PIC is the explanatory note. It describes the conditions and difficulties of construction, indicates measures for labor protection and environmental protection, substantiates the size of warehouse space, the number and size of auxiliary temporary structures and premises, calculations of temporary utility networks, the choice of machines and mechanisms, i.e. justification for all decisions made in the graphic part. The explanatory note provides technical and economic indicators of construction (in the PIC - for the entire complex of objects, in the PPR - for one specific object).
Due to the increased Lately, the volume of construction, including in cramped conditions, arose the need for careful consideration of solutions for organizing traffic during the work. To resolve all these issues, a traffic management project (TRAP) is used. This document is an integral part of the project, which provides for changes in the movement of vehicles and pedestrians.
For large construction projects, especially hydraulic and drainage projects, a “situation plan” can also be drawn up in the PIC, covering a large area surrounding the construction site, measured in tens and sometimes hundreds of kilometers.” It shows objects related to the construction site.
The schedule (schedule) represents a part of the PIC or PPR, in which issues of rational sequence and duration of work are resolved (the terms “schedule” and “schedule” in construction practice are most often used as synonyms).
Like the construction plan, the calendar plan in the PIC (“consolidated”) covers in aggregate (as a rule, in monetary terms - in thousands of rubles) the entire complex of site facilities; in the PPR - in detail (in physical volumes), but only for one object for which the PPR is being drawn up.
Based on the calendar plan in the PIC, a list of construction and installation work volumes is compiled, broken down by objects and construction periods. If necessary, other statements (arrangement schedules) are drawn up for structures, products, materials, for construction machines, for workers in the main specialties.
In the PPR, these issues are studied in more detail in relation to a specific facility, in particular, a labor movement schedule is drawn up, showing how many people should work at the facility every month (week, day). Depending on the specifics and complexity of construction, the content of the PIC and PPR may vary.
References
- SNiP 12-01.2004 “Construction organization”;
- SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1";
- SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Part 2";
- SNiP 21-01-97 “Fire safety of buildings and structures”;
- SNiP 3.02.01-87 “Earth structures, foundations and foundations.”;
- SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”;
- GOST 12.1.046-85 SSBT “Construction. Illumination standards for sites";
- GOST 12.4.059-89 “Construction. Inventory safety fences";
- GOST 23407-78 “Inventory fencing for construction sites and construction and installation work sites”;
- MDS 12-46.2008 " Guidelines on the development and execution of a construction organization project, a project for organizing demolition (dismantling) work, a work execution project”;
- MDS 12-81.2007 “Methodological recommendations for the development and execution of a construction organization project and a work execution project”;
- PB 03-428-02 “Safety rules for the construction of underground structures”;
- PB 10-382-00 Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes;
- Manual “Development of PIC and PPR for industrial construction”;
- Manual for SNiP 1.04.03-85* “Manual for determining construction duration”;
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87;
- PPB 01-03 “Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation”;
- Calculation indicators for determining the duration of construction;
- Collections of ENiR by type of work and consolidated norms of labor costs for construction work;
- SP 12-136-2002 “Labor safety in construction. Occupational safety solutions...";
- SP 2.2.3.1384-03 " Hygienic requirements to the organization of construction production...";
- VSN 41-85(r);
- VSN 42-85(r) as amended. 1997;
- MDS 13-1.99.
Http://apris24.ru/ Project organization http://apris24.ru/, design and working documentation in Krasnoyarsk |
- Procedure for issuing a Sberbank plastic card What is needed to obtain a Sberbank card
- Sberbank VISA cards: overview of conditions and advantages Applying for a card at Sberbank
- How to return funds to the account if it is established that an unauthorized debit of funds from a bank card?
- How and where can you exchange damaged banknotes?