Where to get topographic survey. Where and how to get a topographic survey of the site? How the work goes: step-by-step description
To obtain a plan of a part of the terrain, topographic survey. On sample on the map below, you can see the designations of objects, relief, contours of the territory. Such a document can be used to create various other schemes, plans, etc.
Mode
Land plot can be carried out in digital or analog mode. The choice depends on the method of storing and providing information to the customer.
Analog mode assumes the issuance of materials ( topographic plans or cards) on paper.
The digital mode is currently considered to be the preferred mode. In this case, all information obtained during topographic survey land plot , is stored on magnetic media, disks, flash drives, etc.
Data collection technology
According to this criterion, it is divided into:
- Ground.
- Aerial photography.
- Combined.
The first is carried out directly from the ground. Ground topographic survey land plots is divided into several types depending on the technology used. She may be:
- Menzular.
- Tacheometric.
- Vertical.
- Theodolite (horizontal).
- Phototheodolite.
Multipoint shooting
When it is done, it is drawn on the ground. As a result, the resulting card is of high quality. However, it involves a large amount of field work. Their implementation depends on the weather. Accordingly, labor productivity in this case is rather low. Currently, the beakers method is practically not used.
Tacheometric survey
This method can be used regardless of weather conditions. Measurement information is collected on the ground. The map (plan) is drawn up in office conditions (indoors).
One of the advantages of this method is the ability to automate the process of collecting and further processing the obtained data. This is achieved through the use of modern electronic devices.
Phototheodolite photography
When it is carried out, photographing of the terrain is carried out from two points of the base. It is called a distance measured with high precision, the ends of which are fixed on the ground by centers. Photographing is carried out with a parallel arrangement of the optical axes of the equipment.
The images obtained during the procedure make it possible to create a stereoscopic model of the terrain area. For this, special devices are used. On them, you can get a topographic plan (map) based on the coordinates of the camera installation points, determined from geodetic measurements, the height at which the center of the lens is located, and other parameters of external orientation.
Aerial photography
It is considered the main method of state mapping of the area. Aerial photography is carried out, as a rule, using a stereotopographic method.
The area is photographed with an aerial camera from a helicopter or an airplane. The task of the process is to obtain two adjacent images of the same area - stereo images. Their processing and drawing of the map is carried out on stereo devices in office conditions.
Generalized execution scheme
The specific one is compiled taking into account its type and method, the instruments used, the scale of the map and other factors. Meanwhile, without going into the details of this or that method, you can draw up a generalized scheme for performing the survey. It can include the following steps:
- Drawing up a technical project.
- Collection of data on previously carried out topographic and geodetic works on the ground.
- Choosing a shooting method.
- Creation of a backbone network (if it is absent on the ground).
- Shooting.
- Material handling.
- Model creation.
- Card printout.
A filming network is necessary to thicken local and state networks to a certain density. Its norms depend on the type of shooting and are regulated by instructions and other industry acts.
Design
The starting point for him is the task of conducting a topographic survey. It is issued by the customer. The assignment indicates:
- The location of the object and its area.
- The scale of the map (plan).
- The term for the execution of works.
In the assignment, essential, in the opinion of the customer, requirements for the accuracy and completeness of the image of the elements of the object can be formulated.
Shooting selection
It depends on the area of the object, the scale of the map, the capabilities of the performer and other factors. If the results preliminary analysis object, it turns out that topography can be performed in different ways, preference is given to the cheapest.
At the end of the design stage, an estimate is drawn up, issues of work organization and safety are discussed.
land plot for gasification
It is a set of works aimed at creating a map of the area for subsequent design and when carrying out such a topographic survey, certain conditions must be met:
- The map is drawn up on a scale of 1: 500. At the same time, everything and structures must be present on it. The map is coordinated with the enterprises operating these facilities.
- The plan should show the existing gas pipelines, and show their characteristics.
- The topographic survey must be coordinated with the service gas company (for example, in Moscow it is Mosoblgaz). The original of the plan is stamped by the engineer.
- The drawings must be accompanied by situational plan location of the object.
The cost of the procedure
Topographic survey price is formed from two indicators - the cost of the work itself and the payment for approval.
The cost of the survey depends on the area of the site and the adjacent territory, which needs to be removed to create a gas pipeline project from the house to the section of the tie-in into the pipeline.
If we take an average plot of land in the Moscow region, the price of a topographic survey will be at least 10 thousand rubles. Discounts may be provided for large customers, design companies, as well as for group orders.
Reconciliation is paid separately, in accordance with the invoice. The customer can transfer the funds himself or entrust it to the company that carries out the topographic survey. In the first case, he will be able to save money, but will lose time.
Legend for topography
They are special signs with the help of which objects located on the ground are displayed on the map. The main scales of the plans are 1: 5000, 1: 2000, 1: 500 and 1: 1000. The designations, like the scale, are governed by regulatory documents, including government regulations.
In accordance with GOST, designations on topography are divided into:
- linear;
- areal;
- explanatory;
- special;
- off-scale.
Appointment
The notation provided by the code helps to "read" the terrain. New projects are created from survey data using symbols.
Topographic maps differ from the usual geographical versatility. Topographic plans indicate not only the objective characteristics of the relief, but also the composition of vegetation, production, industrial facilities, engineering communications, the location of settlements.
Engineering communications designation
They are considered mandatory. The topographic plan displays:
- telephone networks;
- water and gas pipelines;
- other communications.
The designation of networks is carried out by a linear method: dashed or straight solid lines. Their thickness is different. For instance:
- Ground operating communications and pipelines are displayed with a solid straight line 0.3 mm.
- Designed, inoperative, damaged ground networks are indicated by a dotted line with a thickness of 0.2 mm.
At the intersection of communications with other objects near the frame (every five centimeters), a letter is integrated into the line characterizing the transported raw materials (product of a pipeline or network):
- Letter G indicates that gas is transported through the network. A gas pipeline can be indicated on the map by a solid line (if it is above ground) or an intermittent line (if it is underground).
- B is the water supply.
- T - heating main.
- K - sewerage.
- H - oil pipeline.
Often on topographic plans, the pressure in the lines, the thickness of the pipes and the material from which they are made, the voltage in the power line and the number of wires are indicated. In this case, an explanatory letter of a lower register or a number is added to the first capital letter. For example, the designation "Kl" is a storm sewage system, and "KB" is a household sewage system.
The desire to save money on the collection of various documentation, the owner of the land plot hopes that he can do the topographic survey on his own, thereby reducing construction costs, saving his budget. In fact, you cannot do it yourself with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. Why? Let's figure it out.
Why can't you do the topographic survey yourself?
Topographic survey- type of geodetic work. It is performed using high-precision equipment. Further processing of the data obtained during the field stage is performed using special software. All equipment must undergo routine checks.
Do not assume that you only need to measure the area with a tape measure to get the technical documentation. The law clearly regulates that topographic surveying can only be performed by a specialist who has education in this field, a license and SRO admission. The final document is certified by the signature of the organization, and only in this case it will have legal force.
Attention!!! Any attempts to do topographical surveying with your own hands have no legal force. You can use it only for personal purposes, but not as for obtaining another technical documentation, which is done on its basis.
In what cases topography may be needed?
Not all work carried out by the owner on the site requires a topographic survey, but if there are situations, then it is impossible to do without a topographic plan. You need to order topography in the following cases:
- Obtaining a building permit for a house. To design it, you need a GPZU and a SPOZU, and they are compiled on the basis of a topographic plan.
- Obtaining permission to connect to communications. On large-scale detailed topographic plans, the location of ground and underground facilities, as well as the location of houses and neighboring buildings, trees, bushes, relief drops, etc. These data are taken as a basis when developing a project for connecting to utilities. It is also necessary to take into account topographic survey data if you plan to re-equip existing engineering networks or arrange autonomous communications (water supply, sewerage).
- Cadastral registration of a land plot and further registration of ownership.
- Development of project documentation for construction or reconstruction of objects capital construction... A detailed topographic plan is necessary for the correct division of the site. In the future, he will help to estimate the volume of necessary earthworks and other works.
- Landscaping works. For landscape work, the most popular are large-scale topographic plans, since they allow you to plan the location of design objects on the site as accurately as possible. Of course, in order to break a flower bed near the house, a topographic plan is not needed. However, if it is planned to carry out large-scale work, including, for example, the arrangement of drainage and stormwater systems, irrigation systems, etc., topographic survey is necessary.
Where to order topography?
In the company "Geomer Group" you can order a topographic survey of the site in the scale you need. The specialists of our company will carry out the following types of topographic surveys without any problems:
Topographic survey, or as it is often called geodetic topography, is a complex of engineering and geodetic works aimed at exploring the terrain and drawing up a topographic plan (map) at the required scale.
Our specialists have all the necessary licenses and permits for the objects. We use a modern licensed software and high-precision geodetic equipment that undergoes all periodic checks.
Why is it not worth saving on topographic survey of the site?
It is impractical to save on topographic survey of the land plot, because a topographic plan, drawn up with errors and taken as a basis for the development of project documentation, can lead to the most dire consequences.
Cheap prices for topographic surveying- a serious reason to think about its quality! Market prices are underestimated by unscrupulous companies or incompetent specialists who do not have licensed equipment, permits and software. By ordering a topographic survey from such a company, you get:
- Measurements taken with outdated or untested equipment. The accuracy of such measurements cannot be predicted. You may be lucky, but how can you rely on luck in such serious matters?
- Data processed using unlicensed software. At first glance, it seems that this is not a serious problem. In practice, the functionality of such programs is severely curtailed, resulting in inaccurate data processing.
- The result of a topographic survey, which has no legal force, since the specialist does not have a license or SRO admission, and he does not have the right to engage in such work.
- Final result- again drawing up a topographic map of the site + reworking other project documentation, which was made on the basis of an incorrectly compiled survey.
Topographic survey of a land plot is an important process before construction, laying of communications. As a result of topographic survey, a filming original of the terrain plan is obtained, where all objects, the distance between them and the relief are indicated. It becomes easier to work on the site, knowing its boundaries and utility lines.
Topographic survey - what is it?
Complex geodetic work carried out on the ground to create a map or topographic plan of the area is called topographic survey of the area. The surveyor processes the results obtained and receives the heights of the points and their coordinates. This data helps to draw an engineering and topographic plan.
Measurements are made according to standards and are provided in the generally accepted form of GOST 22268-76. Ground survey is divided into:
- on planned. The coordinates of the horizontal points of the terrain are determined.
- to high-rise or vertical. The characteristic high-altitude points on the studied area are determined.
- on the combined. The first two types are combined.
The site plan includes:
- outlines of buildings;
- ground and underground communications;
- trees;
- roads;
- fences;
- relief of the area.
For work, special high-precision geodetic GPS-devices and tacheometers are used. Topographic survey is performed in in electronic format... Digital photography makes it possible to design a terrain of any complexity. In this way, cadastral, geodetic and architectural work is carried out.
Shooting can be of different scales. The scale is selected depending on the geodetic work. At a smaller scale, the object of work becomes larger, reducing the accuracy and information content of the plan. Close-ups suggest high accuracy with the indication of small objects on the site and underground utilities. Basic and common scales: 1: 200 and 1: 500.
What is a topographic survey of the site for?
Topographic survey of a land plot is an important procedure before various manipulations with a land plot. Such work is resorted to not only by large builders of firms, but also by simple owners of small plots. A survey is being made to accurately mark the boundaries of the property, establish the places of passage of underground utilities, in order to avoid disputes and conflicts with neighbors and other utilities.
When is the topographic survey done?
- Connection to power supply, water supply, heating system, gas pipeline, sewerage system, city telephone cable.
- Redevelopment of the above communications.
- Obtaining a building permit.
- Acquisition of land for ownership, lease.
- Works-projects for the reconstruction of buildings, construction.
- Binding the building under construction to the terrain.
- Calculation of the amount of work on the ground.
- Landscaping.
How is it done?
If on the site, you need to spend geodetic works before construction, it is necessary to complete certain stages.
- Preparatory. A contract is concluded, the necessary documentation is prepared. Special bodies are visited, which give permission to carry out work.
- Field. The surveyor arrives at the site and conducts a topographic survey.
- Final. A plan and technical report are drawn up, work is handed over.
Terrain data is always needed. Without topographic survey, it is impossible to clearly define the boundaries of the site, connect to communications, build a house and put it into operation. Surveyors and topographers offer their services and the implementation of plans of any complexity using various devices.
Video about topographic survey of a land plot:
The complex of works in which detailed maps and plans of the area, called topographic survey, or in abbreviated form - topographic survey. When conducting a topographic survey and its further processing, the coordinates of points and their heights are obtained, according to which the topographic survey itself is subsequently drawn. Such a survey can be obtained by means of measurements on the ground with geodetic instruments, as well as with the help of aircraft from the obtained images (space or aerial photography). V Lately topographic work has become much easier due to the advent of geodetic GPS GLONASS receivers.
By purpose, surveys are divided into high-altitude, planned and combined. For a planned survey, the resulting map does not take into account the terrain and is used mainly in areas with slight slopes.
For master plans, landscape design, vertical layout, design for construction and other works, vertical survey (tacheometric) is used.
What is topography for?
results topographic surveys necessary for:
Obtaining a building permit (topographic survey is the basis for compiling urban planning and schemes planning organization plot);
Communications connections(electricity, gas, water supply, sewerage, heating system) or their redevelopment;
Landscape design(detailed topographic survey scale 1:50, 1: 100, 1: 200, 1: 500);
Registration of ownership or lease of a land plot(primary provision);
Design works for the construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures;
Volume calculations completed earthworks (for example, the volume of soil of a dug pit)
Construction object bindings to the terrain and system of heights
Modern topographic survey of a land plot is carried out in electronic form and its availability only in paper version may require re-execution to obtain a digital analogue. On the basis of digital topography, it is possible to obtain a digital analogue of the terrain and carry out further design in electronic form. Such a model will greatly facilitate the work of designers, will allow them to more successfully cope with the task, and most of the design work is carried out only in electronic form. Digital topographic survey will serve as a universal basis for many geodetic, cadastral, architectural and other works in the future.
Cost (price) of topography
The price for topographic surveying of a land plot is calculated on the basis of an estimate for engineering survey and depends on many factors. The main factors affecting the cost of topography:
Square territory. Price topographic surveys usually calculated per hectare of area
Build-up territory. The cost of work is less in undeveloped areas
Seasonality works. In winter, a multiplying factor is applied
Relief territory. The cheapest topographic survey agricultural land. This is due to the calm terrain and the absence of other complicating factors.
Forestedness... The most expensive type of work is a sub-tree topographic survey, in which each individual tree is filmed with an indication of its characteristics.
Underground communications... If they are available, and especially the need to coordinate their passage with the operating services, the cost of work increases significantly. Approval costs make up a significant part of the cost of topography. Depends on the cost of services of each specific operating service (heating network, gas facilities, electricity networks, communications, etc.)
Price topographic surveys a private land plot in the Moscow region is approximately from 5000 rub. up to 20,000 rub. Some organizations calculate it based on the area of the plot, but since the difference in the amount of work on a private land plot is insignificant, most enterprises apply fixed prices and conclude standard contracts to carry out this type of work.
As a rule, when performing topographic surveys a private land plot is not coordinated with the operating services to confirm the correctness of the application of underground communications, as this can lead to a significant increase in the cost of work. Therefore, the owner of a land plot, if there are underground utilities on its site, before starting construction, it is advisable to agree on a topographic survey of its site in the relevant services.
It is also necessary to pay attention to the set of documents received after the topographic survey of the land plot. It must contain copies of valid licenses or certificates of SRO membership ( self-regulatory organization), an overview or situational plan of a scale of 1: 2000 - 1:10 000 (to determine the location of the site) and an electronic version of topographic survey is obligatory. The topographic survey itself must be performed in the coordinate system used for registering land plots in cadastral records in your region. The absence of any of the above can reduce the cost topography cost but lead to problems when using such materials.
The price of a topographic survey of a larger areal object, a forest area with the need for a sub-tree survey or an object located in a heavily built-up urban area can be determined only after analyzing the forthcoming scope of work. As a rule, such work is estimated on the basis of estimates or prices prevailing for this region.
Sequence of topographic survey
Topographic survey work is divided into 3 stages:
Preparatory
Includes negotiations with the customer, discussion of technical specifications, conclusion of an agreement. If there are available archival materials, they are analyzed and studied. A permit is obtained to conduct a topographic survey of the desired area.
Field work
Study of the area specified in the TOR, measurements on the ground (field work), drawing up a topographic plan using the selected method (ground or aerial topographic).
Cameral
Based on the data received, the company's specialists draw up the required plans or maps. The maps display all communications (pipelines, power lines, etc.), the location of which is previously agreed with the operating organizations.
At the request of the customer for topographic survey any objects can be applied, for example, each tree (indicating their species, trunk diameter, height).
The resulting document will display all the objects of the required area of the terrain. It will be performed using conventional symbols adopted for the selected map scale. The relief will be indicated on the plan (map). All communications (ground and underground) will be plotted on the engineering-topographic plan (geo-base).
The main types of topographic survey
For landscaping or landscape design
The basis for landscaping or landscape design is topographic survey from 1:50 to 1: 200 scale. Basically, such a topographic survey of a land plot is carried out on a 1: 200 scale with a 0.25 meter relief section. These characteristics depend on the relief, the area of the territory and its congestion with infrastructure. A large scale allows you to accurately display all parts of buildings, terrain, communications and vegetation (even stand-alone trees or every tree in a forest). A feature of such works is also the fact that for these plans the norms are not regulated by instructions and there are no accepted conventional or other designations. The main task of topographic photography in landscape design is the visibility of all the elements and characteristics of the terrain. Designers and designers have their own requirements for the final material, therefore, measurements on the site are best carried out after reading the terms of reference of the designer or designer.
Topographic survey on a scale of 1,500 with a relief section height of 0.5 meters
The most demanded in the main types of work is topographic survey 1 500 scale. These characteristics topographic surveys are used in the creation of master plans, maps of settlements, for vertical planning, for multi-storey buildings (working drawings), in the construction of underground and aboveground structures, in drawing up schemes of both underground and aboveground networks, for commissioning facilities, for cadastral registration of land plots in Rosreestr, for an executive construction plan on a land plot with a dense network of communications (underground and aboveground), in industrial enterprises. On the topographic survey of a land plot 1: 500 scale, vegetation, relief, all communications (both underground and aboveground), water bodies, structures, geological wells and reference points are applied. Application of communications is one of the main features topographic surveys of 1 500 scale... Reliability and completeness of application in mandatory agreed in the operating services.
Topographic survey of the land plot for connection to the main communications
On such topographic survey the boundaries of the site, buildings and all available communications are displayed. Communications are applied outside the site, to the places of possible connection. Shooting is coordinated with the operating services.
Tree topographic survey
Such a survey can be carried out with the taxation of all tree plantations on the territory of the object (all trees with a trunk thickness of more than 5 cm are displayed and a list is drawn up). When a sub-tree topographic survey, the list records the characteristics of trees and shrubs (elevation, height, thickness, species. The resulting sub-tree topographic survey is used for accounting and monitoring of land stands in preparation for construction or for landscape design.
Topographic survey 1: 2000 scale for special and general purposes
Designed for:
for drawing up general plans of small settlements,
as well for planning projects as everything settlement and individual areas of urban settlements;
to prepare the gene. plans and technical projects industrial enterprises(large), power plants, hydraulic structures;
for the preparation of those. projects, working drawings of compressor, pumping and pipeline stations, etc.
Topographic survey 1: 5000, 1:10 000 scale
It is applied:
when developing gene. plans, reconstruction projects and planning projects of large cities, rural settlements;
for land management works and in the land registry;
for the design of automotive, railways, for the technical design of the main canals;
used in drawing up diagrams and topographic plans on a smaller scale.
Topographic survey of engineering communications
If the executive survey of the laid communications is not accurate enough, incomplete or unreliable, topographic survey engineering communications... Wherein:
collect materials that are available for this territory (control and executive surveys, topographic plans);
find all communications in a given area;
remove underground and overground communications (in wells and pits);
process the results obtained, create and coordinate the resulting communication scheme with the operating services;
indicate technical characteristics, make up track profiles and diagrams of all service facilities.
Topographic survey of linear structures
Held topographic survey communication lines and power transmission lines, railways and highways. For this type of work, detailed field and office tracing is carried out, the option of the best route passing is selected and the materials necessary for the development of those are selected. the design of the route and the location of structures on it. Perform field work after reconnaissance. In the process of field (routing) work, the angles and sides along the route are measured, the picketage and transverse profiles are broken, leveling is carried out and the route is fixed. Also, additionally, on a large scale, the transitions of other tracks and places in which the relief has a complex shape are filmed.
Topographic and geodetic works during construction.
This is a complex of engineering and geodetic works to create a geodetic basis for future construction, which also determines the passage of underground utility lines with a depth of their occurrence and elevation marks wells, trays, etc., the relief of the future construction site is displayed and the starting points are indicated with marks for the vertical layout.
Equipment for topographic survey
Electronic total stations and GPS GLONASS receivers
The main modern devices used to perform topographic surveys are electronic total stations and high-precision GPS GLONASS receivers. Usually both types of equipment are used simultaneously. Satellite receivers determine the heights and coordinates of the starting points, and in the future, these points are used as starting points for topographic surveys electronic tacheometers of relief and situation. It is possible to use only satellite equipment or only electronic total stations. When using only a total station, it is necessary to obtain an official extract from the catalog of points with initial coordinates (GGS or state geodetic network) and use such points as the basis for the development of a survey network with total stations. When using only GPS GLONASS receivers, the mode is used, in which the coordinates and heights of survey points are determined in real time. The use of only satellite receivers is not effective when conducting topographic surveys in an area with factors that make it difficult to receive a satellite signal (trees, buildings, large metal objects, etc.).
Locators
To search for routes of underground utilities and accurately plot them on topographic survey of a land plot used by locators. With their help, such underground utilities are applied to topography as:
voltage-free and energized cable;
signal cables, communications, etc .;
metallic and non-metallic pipelines.
The underground utilities discovered and plotted on the topographic survey of the land plot are coordinated with the services operating them.
Symbols for topographic plans
To display the results of topographic survey on the plan, as well as for any other maps, conventional symbols are used. Symbols are the same for the whole of Russia and the skill to read them is the main condition for working with materials topographic surveys... Their types, methods of application, some examples are described in the article: Symbols on topography
Characteristics of topographic plans
Scale
Scale is the ratio of the object depicted on the plan to the actual size on the ground. Topographic survey of the land plot is carried out at different scales:
large (1: 5000; 1: 2000; 1: 1000; 1: 500; 1: 200, in 1 centimeter of the plan 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 meters on the ground)
small scale (1: 25000; 1: 10000 and even smaller, 250, 100 meters).
For the development of complex or technically unique objects, projects can be carried out at any other convenient scale. Topographic survey, especially on the largest scales (such as 1: 1000 or 1: 500) - this is one of the most demanded and necessary types of topographic and geodetic works. It is also possible to create a DTM and DEM (digital terrain model and its relief) based on topographic survey performed using computer technologies. For design, shooting is mainly used at a scale of 1: 500, and for landscape design or landscaping, a scale of 1: 200 is required.
Relief section height
The same height difference between adjacent contours, formed by cutting surfaces through a certain height. For design, as a rule, a cross section of 0.5 meters is used. And a section of 0.25 meters is used for landscape design or beautification.
Height and coordinate system
State registration in the real estate cadastre is carried out in the local system. In the Moscow region, this is the MSK-50 coordinate system, so topographic surveys are usually carried out in this system.
V Russian Federation it is customary to use the Baltic system of heights.
Card - document of validity
Man has always sought to capture the world in order to streamline it, and most importantly - to communicate necessary information, convey information. Today our life is filled with maps of a different nature: from city plans and construction sites to complex digital models of the globe. The most popular in the economic life of a modern person are large-scale topographic maps. 1 cm of such a map usually fits from 50 to 200 meters of terrain.
What is topographic survey?
The result of a topographic survey is the receipt (or updating) of a document - a plan of a land plot, which can be used for various purposes. This plan, in accordance with the terms of reference, reflects the terrain and the objects located on it.
Implemented topographic survey on the ground using professional techniques with the use of special devices (electronic tacheometers, theodolites, phototheodolites, mensules, levels, etc.). When shooting large areas, aerial photography is used. It is possible to use a satellite global positioning system (GPS GLONASS).
An accurate topographic plan of the territory is the basis for drawing up an engineering map. When working on it, all communications, including underground, are applied to the drawn up plan of the required area.
It can be argued that the topographic survey and the resulting plan of the land plot are the initial stage in the transformation of any territory.
Why is a topographic survey of the territory necessary?
Topographic survey of the site is primarily needed to create a project for future construction.
The main aspects that are involved in this process are the location of the projected object, its size and, as a result, how much land work needs to be done. Even at the stage of the project, with the help of topographic surveys, you can take into account many factors that may interfere with the future structure. For example, this often happens in underground surveys - you can calculate the optimal location that will not affect the protected areas. Also, if you want to obtain a building permit or register a land plot for ownership or lease, then add to the list required documents topographic survey is included.
But building design is not the only field of application for topographic surveying. Also, this process is an integral part of creating and updating plans and maps.
But topographic survey is carried out not only at the initial stages of design. There is also a control geodetic survey. This process determines the building's appearance, number of floors, and orientation.
How is topographic survey carried out?
The process of topographic survey is not as easy as it might seem at first glance, and only a highly qualified specialist can carry it out. Therefore, it is better to contact well-known accredited companies for help. Also, for high-quality topographic surveying, equipment is needed that works properly and has been certified.
The most necessary equipment for work: electronic tacheometer, GPS receivers, unmanned aerial vehicles and locators. Since the results of topographic surveys can be presented both in electronic and in printed form, accordingly, equipment is needed for processing and issuing data.
It is important that the norms for conducting topographic surveys are spelled out in the Russian GOST, and the entire procedure for work must be carried out strictly according to the published instructions. Otherwise, there is a risk of getting incorrect results, and creating incorrect maps on their basis, which can lead to a string of problems.
What does the price of work depend on?
The cost of geoengineering work directly depends on the task at hand. For example, a topographic survey can be done at different scales. Most often, customers apply for a scale of 1: 500, but if you want a larger scale, then the price will be correspondingly higher. Therefore, before ordering, you need to decide which scale you need. Ultra-large scale is often ideal for large industrial sites. If you are planning to build a house or summer cottage for yourself, then a small scale is suitable for you, for example 1:10 000.
Another important factor is the size and remoteness of the area where the topographic survey needs to be made.
The price of the work may also vary depending on the purpose of the topographic survey, various objects on the territory: reservoirs, green spaces, engineering networks, such as water supply and gas pipelines.
And also do not forget about the deadlines - urgent work will be much more expensive.
Of course, you need to contact the cadastral agency directly and discuss the cost of topographic survey. Experts can also help with advice and then you will definitely find the best option for yourself.
What are the typestopographic surveys?
There are several certified methods for creating topographic maps. They are distinguished by the methods of work. For example, using tape measures and tapes or by measuring the heights of points. Also, topographic survey can be done by photographing from heights or using photo-splits.
Also, the process of topographic survey of the territory can be divided into three stages:
1) Discussion of the project, the customer tells what he wants and this is agreed with the specialists;
2) Work on the ground or the so-called "field stage". This is the stage in which surveyors inspect the territory and make the actual topographic survey.
3) The final stage is that the data obtained at the site during the topographic survey is processed and analyzed. After that, the finished topographic map is sent to the customer in electronic and printed form.
How long does the survey process take?
This is a purely individual question. Depending on the scale of the work, the qualifications of specialists and a large or small team, the term of execution varies. Most often, a small-scale job ordered from a good firm will take only 5 days.
Can I make a topographic map myself?
The question disappears if you have a surveyor's education. As mentioned above, topographic survey is a complex process. Even if you have the equipment, you can make the wrong measurements, because all the equipment needs to be able to adjust. And incorrect measurements can threaten not only a refusal for construction, but also the technical characteristics of the future facility. Therefore, you should not save money and it is better to trust the specialists in this matter. In this case, you can successfully implement your plans.
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