Modern problems of science and education. The main problems and prospects for the development of recreation and tourism in the region
2.1 Tourist and recreational resources of the region
tourism Komi resource infrastructure
landscape resources. A significant part of the territory is a hilly plain. The Ural Mountains pass along the eastern border, from the northwest to the southeast it crosses the Timan Ridge. The plains of the republic are well suited for hunting, the mountainous terrain for climbing.
There are about 70 thousand lakes in the republic, a large number of rivers. Marshes in the Komi Republic occupy 7.7% of the territory. The presence of a huge amount of water resources is interesting for lovers of fishing and water travel.
The forest in the republic is the main nature-forming factor and provides various types of useful products. total area forest fund is 39 million hectares.
Climatic and hydro-mineral resources. The climate of the Komi Republic is severe: summer is short and cool, and cold in the northern regions; winter is snowy, long and frosty. During the year, a significant amount of precipitation exceeds evaporation.
Tourism in the republic is preferable for lovers of winter holidays due to climatic conditions. In summer - hunting and fishing, in winter - winter sports. The climate of the republic is recommended for the treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
The territory of the republic has significant resources of fresh, mineral and industrial underground waters. Resources of underground mineral waters are significant.
Ethnographic resources. Komi folk art - special kind creativity, an integral part of the modern culture of the republic. Woodworking crafts, artistic processing of wood and birch bark have long been the most widespread in Komi. Patterned knitting, weaving, wood carving and painting, lace weaving, embroidery, folk doll making are also popular.
There are peculiarities of national festivities and cuisine in the republic. In the Syktyvdinsky district, for example, going to the hayfield "Turun vtsn" is celebrated with the traditional holiday "Rivers", the meaning of which is to play an action that reflects the main stages of the labor processes of haymaking.
The cuisine is distinguished by an abundance of dishes from a variety of herbs and berries, seafood, game and wild meat - hare, venison. One of the famous dishes of the Komi-Permyak cuisine is prazhitom korai (reindeer stew with potatoes).
Of all natural resources available in the region, in the interests of tourism, we single out the following: forest and steppe spaces for hunting; water resources for fishing and medicinal purposes; climatic resources for the treatment of a number of diseases; mountainous terrain, climate - winter sports; fauna and flora, nature reserves - for excursion purposes. Also, the region has a huge historical and cultural heritage, anyone who wants to get acquainted with the culture of the Komi nationality is obliged to visit this region, the objects of attraction are both historical and cultural monuments, and national traditions and customs.
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tourism Komi resource infrastructure Landscape resources. A significant part of the territory is a hilly plain. The Ural Mountains pass along the eastern border, from the northwest to the southeast it crosses the Timan Ridge ...
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The Kaliningrad region in terms of tourism is developed poorly and unevenly. The most visited are Kaliningrad, the resort area (Svetlogorsk - Zelenogradsk), the Curonian Spit, partly Sovetsk and Chernyakhovsk. At the same time, it should be remembered that in the pre-war period in the territory of East Prussia, tourist routes associated with numerous natural, historical and cultural monuments covered almost all cities and districts of the present region. Tourism centers, in addition to Koenigsberg with its royal castle, Albertina University, museums, an art gallery, a zoo, the Cathedral, where the Prussian kings were crowned, I. Kant's grave, opera and drama theatres, ancient city gates and fortifications, monuments to many outstanding figures were also Raushen(Svetlogorsk), Kranz (Zelenogradsk), Pillau (Baltiysk), Fishhausen (Primorsk), Labiau (Polessk), Instenburg (Chernyakhovsk), Tilsit (Sovetsk), Ragnit (Neman), Gumbinen (Gusev) and other cities and towns. Tourism was widely developed not only in the coastal zone, but also in the inner parts of the region, especially in its southwestern part - the current Bagrationovsky district. There were especially many ancient castles, monasteries, churches (kirch) from the time of the German colonization of Prussia. Museums existed in many of the castles, surrounded by vast parks with collections of rare plants. The world-famous stud farm is located in Gumbinen, and in Tilsit there are places associated with the meeting of Napoleon and Alexander I here, and in Ragnit there was a garden city with an old castle on the high bank of the Neman. Many monuments of history and architecture of East Prussia in our time are either completely lost or are in a dilapidated state, and some of them were used for other purposes - for warehouses or industrial premises. True, recently, after the collapse of the USSR and a sharp change in the political situation in the country, a movement has begun to restore the historical heritage and cultural values that were undeservedly forgotten in Soviet times. A number of religious buildings in the region have been transferred to the jurisdiction of the church, and some of them have already been restored and have become functioning churches, while others are being restored. The restoration of the Cathedral in Kaliningrad is underway. Attempts are being made to restore other monuments of architecture and history.
Foreign tourism is dominated by "nostalgic" and business tourism from Germany (60%) and cross-border (mostly "commercial") tourism from Poland (30%).
Domestic tourism is experiencing serious difficulties. The number of tourists and vacationers has decreased significantly. Total number vacationers in sanatoriums and sanatoriums-dispensaries decreased in 1991-1994 from 54 thousand to 20 thousand people, in other recreation facilities (rest houses, boarding houses, recreation centers and tourist hotels) from 244 thousand to 81 thousand people. This is due to a decrease in the living standards of the population with a sharp increase in the cost of services that have ceased to be subsidized by the state and trade unions. One day of accommodation at a camp site (with meals) costs more than the monthly minimum wages. At the same time, citizens with high incomes often prefer vacations abroad.
Among the 90 sanatoriums and recreation facilities included in the statistics, 13 are year-round sanatoriums belonging to the category of climatic resorts of coastal zones. They can accept 4.3 thousand people for treatment at the same time. The total capacity of all recreational facilities in the summer is 20,000 places, of which 6,000 are in uncomfortable recreation centers and tourist bases of a purely seasonal nature. At the same time, the estimated capacity of the sandy beaches of the sea coast of the region is 280 thousand people.
According to the estimates of the Research Institute for the Integrated Study of Regions at the Kaliningrad State University, the volume of potential demand for trips to the Kaliningrad region by domestic and foreign tourists is 575 thousand people. However, with the current state of hotels and recreation facilities, non-compliance with international standards of most of them, even the already achieved level is more than marginal. Given the inconsistency of high prices with low quality and a small variety of services, while maintaining the current tourist service, we can only expect a reduction in the number of tourists. The development of foreign tourism in the region is also hampered by other factors - the small scale and insufficient professionalism of many of the more than 100 travel companies in the region, the lack of proper experience in market conditions, poor advertising, the difficulty of obtaining multiple-entry visas (required when tourists visit several states with repeated border crossings). region) and more. The instability of the socio-political situation, which is characteristic of the country as a whole, also affects, as does the difficult crime situation. Small travel companies, not having an extensive network of representative offices abroad, lose out in the competition for tourists, which reduces the profitability of the regional tourist complex and thereby reduces the possibility of its development.
The Kaliningrad region has a very significant, in many ways unique potential for the development of resort and tourism activities, but the existing opportunities are still far from being used enough, and there are objective and subjective reasons for this. From natural factors contributing to the development of the recreational complex, it should be noted:
- · Favorable mild maritime climate with a fairly large number of sunny days per year and moderately warm summers;
- · picturesque natural landscapes with hilly hills, coastal lowlands, forests, floodplain meadows, swamps, lakes, numerous rivers;
- · unique sandy spits with dunes and forests;
- · sea coast with beautiful, mostly sandy beaches and refreshing, moderately warm sea waters;
- · The Baltic Sea and its bays, which provide opportunities for the development of fishing, sea tourism and water sports;
- Healing mineral springs and therapeutic peat mud;
- profitable geographical position areas at the intersection of land and sea routes from Western and Northern Europe to Russia;
- ·existing network of sanatorium-resort and tourist establishments;
- · developed amber trade and production of unique jewelry and souvenirs;
- the presence of favorable prerequisites for the development of meat and dairy production, vegetable growing and other types of Agriculture to provide the local population and people who come to be treated and relax with environmentally friendly products;
- · existing, although not in very good technical condition, but sufficiently developed transport network and engineering infrastructure.
Assessing the prospects for the development of tourism in the region, one cannot but pay attention to the problems that may be encountered in the development of the industry. There are many difficulties in our region, some of them are given below, such as:
- 1. Uneven recreational development of the territory; lack of strong interregional ties.
- 2. The multifunctionality of the use of recreational areas, generating:
- - the imposition of different types of recreation on the same territory (short-term recreation in the areas of long-term health-improving recreation; absorption of valuable medical areas by dacha recreation);
- - difficulties with the organization of suburban recreation for viewers of big cities.
- 3. Collision of interests of urbanization and recreation with the expansion of industrial and civil development zones.
- 4. Environmental problems.
- - pollution of recreational areas in urban areas;
- - lack of a functioning system for regulating recreational loads on natural complexes of existing recreation areas.
Recreational planning of the material base should become part of the overall plan for the development of the territory. Before starting the construction of a new tourist complex, it is necessary to carefully and fully study its impact on the economy and nature of the region. This should become part of the public policy of local authorities. An important condition for the implementation of a new tourism project is obtaining a sanitary permit for waste disposal, etc. The negative impact of a new project on the environment is a serious reason why it may be rejected by the local administration. Air, ground and surface water, beaches and forests must remain in their original state, clean and protected. Nature needs protection - flora and fauna.
The wise use of local landscapes and architectural monuments for tourism purposes should be encouraged.
Thus, a new tourism project should be planned in such a way as to preserve and, if possible, improve the state of the environment.
- 5. Destruction of the network of institutions for children's recreation.
- 6. Infrastructural disorder of roads.
The expected growth in tourism development will create problems in the transport infrastructure. For example, an increase in the number of tourist trips can cause air traffic congestion, which will be a major obstacle to the full potential of take-off and landing facilities. The reconstruction of transport infrastructure is expected in all regions of the world, which will require new investments in large volumes.
Improvement of transport infrastructure and electronic data system will provide fast and direct communication between regions, make tourist routes more diverse and less expensive.
- 7. Insufficient professional training of tourist personnel.
- 8. Separation from Russia (located outside of Russia).
- 9. Use of new technologies.
New information Technology and effective communications will ensure the rapid development of tourism. Large investments in new technologies and the telecommunications market will lead to vertical, horizontal and diagonal integration. Global computer networks will become of great importance in tourism. The effectiveness of marketing in tourism will increase. The consumer will be able to receive the necessary information about the tourist product from special television programs sponsored by travel agencies. Some countries already have automated booking kiosks. Simplifying the booking process will boost the tourism market.
Prospects for the recreational development of this zone are related to the solution of the following issues:
- 1. Change in approaches to recreational planning of the territory: creation of a network of recreational parks, formation of local tourist centers in small historical towns.
- 2. An increase in the restaurant and hotel fund due to the development of small enterprises: inns, taverns, hunting lodges.
- 3. Improving the quality of services in existing recreation facilities.
- 4. The introduction of non-traditional forms of recreation: "living" Teutonic castles and ethnographic villages, pilgrimages, tourist caravans, etc.
- 5. All-regional recreational arrangement of road infrastructure.
- 6. Improving the condition of the beaches, their arrangement for the needs of tourists.
- 7. Creation of normative acts allowing successful and profitable development of tourism.
- 8. Development of international relations, their strengthening and transition to a new level.
Having solved these problems and tasks, our region will be able to reach the world level, increase the income from tourism, provide additional jobs and, in general, raise the economic indicators of the region.
1Modern conditions of development orient the producers of tourist and recreational services towards individualization, which flexibly responds to changing and becoming more complex demands and needs of consumers. The state of the tourist and recreational complex (TRC) of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR) is characterized by a low innovative component of the regional tourism product (services). The development and implementation of innovative forms and types of tourism and recreation should be considered as the most important factor in competitiveness and active integration into the system of the global tourism industry. In this regard, there is a need to improve and develop directions for the development of the TRC and the corresponding infrastructure, which will ensure positive structural shifts in the regional economy. The article deals with the issues of the essence and significance of the innovative development of the Republic's TRK. The goal is to identify current problems and prospects for the innovative development of the tourism and recreational sector as a systemic multiplier of the regional economy.
tourist and recreational complex
recreation
innovation process
innovation
1. Belykh E. International tourism revenues hit a new record [Electronic resource]. - URL: http://www.tourprom.ru/news/16936/ (date of access: 17.07.2012).
2. Novikov V. S. Characteristic features of tourism of the XXI century - sustainable and innovative development [Electronic resource]. - URL: http://www.intacadem.ru›content/view/272/261/1/1/ (date of access: 07/17/2012).
3. Muratova L. I. Tourism as a strategic multiplier of economic development [Electronic resource]. - URL: http://www.uecs.ru/uecs-38-382012/item/1042-2012-02-16-08-41-18 (date of access: 07/16/2012).
4. Sevastyanova S. A. Regional planning for the development of tourism and hotel management: a tutorial / S. A. Sevastyanova. - M.: KNORUS, 2007. - 256 p.
5. Development Strategy of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic until 2030 [Electronic resource]. - URL: http://www.gosbook.ru› system/files...2011/06/29/Strategiya.pdf (date of access: 07/16/2012).
6. World tourism grew in 2011 [Electronic resource]. - URL: http://www.aerotour.ru/news/info/2012/02/13 (date of access: 07/18/2012).
In modern conditions of globalization and fierce competition, the issues of rational use of resources and development based on innovative approaches of regional centers are becoming relevant. economic growth. For the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR), as well as for other regions of the North Caucasus Federal District, the rational use of tourist and recreational resources is of strategic importance.
The tourist and recreational complex (TRC) is of great importance in the economic complex of the KBR, the problems of which require a detailed analysis and development of a management strategy and a set of measures to solve them. In the system of the regional economy, the tourist and recreational complex does not function in isolation, but is in close relationship with other structural elements. Its development is multiplicatively associated with many types of economic activity, because the growth of the shopping and entertainment complex causes the corresponding transformations in retail, catering, passenger transport and personal services, etc. .
In order to make fuller use of the existing tourist and recreational potential in the republic, innovations are needed that contribute to the intensive development of the economy. Innovations should ensure the introduction of the achievements of scientific and technological progress into production, to better meet the needs of society in high-quality and competitive tourism products and services.
Tourism innovation brings new ideas, services and products to markets. Innovation not only involves the adaptation of the tourism industry to the changing nature of tourism through the application of new marketing strategies, but the environment surrounding tourism is conducive to the emergence of new and innovative services, products and processes. Therefore, tourism innovation must be seen as a permanent, global and dynamic process.
Innovations in the field of tourism and recreation should be considered as systemic events that are new and lead to positive changes that provide sustainable development and functioning of the industry in the region.
The need for an innovative approach to the shopping and entertainment complex of Kabardino-Balkaria is due to several factors:
1. The importance of the TRC in the economy of the KBR is high, since its development will positively affect related industries, and, accordingly, will act as an effective tool for stimulating socio-economic growth. As you know, the tourism and recreation industry has a significant multiplier effect, acts as a catalyst for socio-economic development and improves the quality of life of the population.
2. As a sector of the world economy, tourism today occupies a leading position in terms of the turnover of services and second place in terms of foreign exchange earnings, second only to oil and gas processing. The sphere of tourism and recreation is not only one of the largest and highly profitable, but also the most dynamically developing. According to the latest data from the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, tourism revenues continue to recover from losses during the 2009 crisis and new record amounts in most destinations, which are estimated to have reached $1.030 billion. (740 billion euros), an increase from 928 billion dollars. (700 billion euros) in 2010. In real terms, international tourism income grew by 3.8%, while the number of tourist arrivals in 2011 increased by 4.6% to 982 million. UNWTO forecasts continued growth in international tourism in the future, albeit at a slower pace. The number of arrivals is expected to increase by 3% - 4% and by the end of 2012 the historical mark of one billion will be overcome. Studies show that over the past two decades, in many countries of the world, tourism has turned from a relatively isolated service sector into a powerful and dynamic intersectoral complex with a pronounced multiplier effect of economic development. For example, in 2007 in Austria, in the country's GDP, 8.6% were direct income from tourism and 15% - income, taking into account the multiplier effect, in Spain, respectively, 6.8% and 18.2%, in France - 4, 1% and 10.9%, in Croatia - 8.5% and 19.0%, in the UK - 3.4% and 9.1%, in Canada - 3.4% and 11.0%, in Bulgaria - 4.1% and 14.5%.
3. The republic's shopping and entertainment complex, having a unique tourist and recreational potential, lags far behind in the development of the regional recreational base. Underutilization of the natural-climatic and resource potential region allow us to conclude that its accelerated and sustainable development is possible due to an innovative approach to the development of the SEC.
It should be noted that the innovation process in the tourism sector is specific. It receives its recognition, on the one hand, through the tourism market and the degree of consumer satisfaction, and on the other hand, mainly due to the adoption of well-thought-out joint decisions by tourism organizations, industry authorities in the region, local authorities self-government and various public organizations whose activities are related to this industry. It is this well-coordinated interaction of all subjects and objects of the innovation process, according to Sevastyanova S.A., that can lead to the emergence of a significant synergistic effect, expressed as the growth (development) of the tourism sector. As a result, the winner will be the one who first gives his tourist product new consumer properties and qualities and will interest the consumer in these innovations.
Among the main directions of innovative development in the tourist and recreational sphere of the region are:
- the use of new tourist resources that were not previously used in the region;
- application of new equipment and technology in the production of traditional products;
- release of new species hotel services, tourism product, restaurant product, etc.;
- innovations in the processes of organizing the production and consumption of a traditional tourist product, a restaurant product, hotel services, etc.;
- identification and use of new markets for products, etc.
Generally, innovative activity in the tourism and recreational sector should be aimed at: the development of a new or modification of an existing tourist product; to improve hotel, transport, excursion and other services; to new markets; on the introduction of new forms and methods of organizational and managerial activity and the latest telecommunications and information technologies.
As priority areas the innovative development of the TRC of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the following can be considered.
- Organization of a system of high-mountain climatotherapy using the medical and health-improving factors of the Nalchik resort, as well as other recreational areas of the KBR. Today, in the region, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole, there is no practice of organized high-mountain climatotherapy. The CBD is a unique territory that has the necessary conditions to create a modern sanitation system using high-mountain climatotherapy and medical tourism. As you know, therapeutic and training are considered to be heights within 800 - 2300 meters above sea level. It is at such heights that the sanatoriums of the resort of Nalchik, the tourist centers and the mountaineering camp Dzhyly-Su, Elbrus are located. The formation of a system of high-mountain climatotherapy and medical tourism will ensure: firstly, the demand for all the achievements of both domestic and foreign science and the practice of treatment in high mountains; secondly, it will increase the health-improving and training effects of the middle mountains in order to prevent and treat diseases of the respiratory tract and lungs, bronchial asthma, etc.
- Development on the territory of the republic of special recreational areas of great medical and health value. In this direction, it would be possible to develop the infrastructure of the recreational complexes "Tambukan" and "Dzhyly-Su".
- Creation and development of "Innovative Centers for Health and Efficient Nature Management" as part of the formation of ecological tourism in the regions of the republic. In particular, the Narzanov Valley recreation complex in the Zolsky district can be used for organizing mountain biking, trekking, rafting, caving, mountain climbing, and paragliding. It is possible to organize hunting tours in the mountains and develop a system of fishing tourism on the rivers Kharbaz, Khasaut, Ingushli. All of these areas can be developed in other tourist areas of the republic.
- Organization of ethnographic centers or villages, including a complex of residential buildings. In such territories, it is possible to provide a wide range of excursion and tourist and recreational services, ranging from accommodation in individual hotel houses, recreated in the spirit of traditional "Kunats", and visits to archaeological and ethnographic sights, ending with ethnographic holidays and horseback riding through the gorges, etc. .
- Arrangement of tourist and archaeological centers with the restoration of cultural and historical sights and the restoration of archaeological monuments. This direction will allow organizing additional attractive territories for getting acquainted with the culture, history and national traditions and customs of the peoples of the North Caucasus and the KBR. In particular, these can be routes to medieval castles and towers in the upper reaches of the Bezengi and Chegem gorges, to one of the largest burial mounds in Europe in the Urvan, Chegem or Baksan regions, a visit to the National Museum in Nalchik, etc.
- Creation of an "Innovative Center for Tourist Information Services" in the KBR, whose activities will be aimed at:
- solving the problem of promoting the KBR as an attractive tourist and recreational center and effective positioning of the region's tourism product in the national and international tourism markets;
- comprehensive information service for residents and guests of the republic;
- creation of a single information Internet portal;
- cooperation with similar centers in Russia and abroad, etc.
The implementation of the innovative measures proposed above will contribute to the further development of the regional fuel and energy complex, increase revenues to the budgets of all levels, and form favorable conditions to solve problems of a socio-economic nature.
Tourism in the region is developing quite dynamically, despite various obstacles of an economic, social and political nature. Business in this area, in most cases, becomes the initiator in the development and implementation of innovations, constantly changing the ways and forms of offering and providing services, discovering and developing new promising opportunities.
As in other areas, various innovations are being introduced daily in tourism under the influence of both the intellectual development of mankind and scientific and technological progress. Sometimes innovations in the tourist and recreational sphere arise unexpectedly and unpredictably under the influence of various events and phenomena in society. Consequently, the constant study and analysis of innovative processes, the reasons for the emergence of innovations, the development of methods for their implementation are of practical and scientific interest. The state also plays an important role in stimulating the development and diffusion of innovations in the field of TRK, and therefore the development and implementation of mechanisms and methods of state support is relevant.
Reviewers:
- Zherukova A. B., Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Management and Social Work of the Nalchik Institute of Cooperation (branch) of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law, Nalchik.
- Batov G. Kh., Doctor of Economics, Professor, Leading Researcher of the Department of Regional Management, Institute of Industrial and Applied Education, KBSC RAS, Nalchik.
Bibliographic link
Ligidov R.M., Tappaskhanova E.O., Mustafayeva Z.A., Kudasheva M.Z. INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST AND RECREATION COMPLEX OF THE REGION // Contemporary Issues science and education. - 2012. - No. 4.;URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=6819 (date of access: 01.02.2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"
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abstract Buy ready 770 (15 page) Find out the cost my workThere is a policy to attract tourists from abroad; it could bring additional income to the budget, which would increase the expenditure on the arrangement of tourist shelters, environmental protection measures, and scientific research within protected areas. The prospect of using the above areas for tourism purposes is explained by a high degree of attractiveness, accessibility ...
Tourist and recreational problems of the region (optional) ( abstract , term paper , diploma , control )
- 1. general characteristics region
- Analysis of the current state of tourism in the region
- Problems of tourist and recreational zones of the Chelyabinsk region Ways to solve the tourist and recreational problems of the region
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
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Bibliography
- Gulyaev V. G., Organization of tourism activities: textbook, M., Knowledge, 1996
- Darinsky A.V. Leningrad region . Lenizdat, 1975.
- Durovich A. P ., Marketing in tourism, Minsk, LLC "New Knowledge", 2001
- Kabushkin N.I., Tourism Management, Minsk, New Knowledge LLC, 2001
- Kvartalnov V. A. et al., Management of tourism. Tourism and branch systems, M., Finance and statistics, 2001
- Marinin M., How to measure the benefits of tourism?// Tourism: practice, problems, prospects, 1998, No. 9
- Papiryan G. A., International economic relations . Marketing in tourism, M., Finance and statistics, 2001
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