Functions of banks. Accumulation of funds: concept, functions and examples Responsibility in the course of accumulation of funds
Each of us, one way or another, wants to accumulate a sum of money for some of his needs. But this is not easy, because often all our income is spent on more or less urgent needs, after which there is nothing left. When, after the distribution of capital for all your needs, a certain amount remains, we are talking about temporarily free Money Oh. Accumulation is just the process of accumulating such money. This term is most often used in the aspect of banking. What does the word "accumulation" mean and how does it relate to work financial institutions, we will find out further.
The concept of accumulation of temporarily free cash
The accumulation of funds is one of the activities of commercial banks, and one of the most important. Its essence lies in the fact that they concentrate the so-called “free” money of depositors on their accounts and receive income by redistributing it. These finances are not retained within the banking organization, but are turned into capital, invested in the state economy, provided as loans and used to purchase valuable papers.
A little-known fact is that banks at the beginning of their activities used only their own free finances. But when loans and various kinds of loans began to become more popular, they began to use the practice of accumulating foreign capital at the expense of contributions from their depositors, which led to the emergence of such a thing as bank deposits.
Contributions or deposits are needed in order to further financial institutions could redistribute clients' capital for more high percent. The bottom line is that each depositor, taking his money to a bank branch, lends it to him at a certain interest rate set for deposits. And the bank, in turn, lends these funds to those who applied to it for a loan (individual citizens, individual entrepreneurs or companies) and receives a fixed percentage from them.
Of course, commercial banks it is necessary to effectively encourage depositors to accumulate and save money in their accounts. To do this, they conduct a flexible deposit policy, consisting in high interest rate on deposits, guarantees of reliable safety of their deposits, as well as the availability of information about the activities of banking organizations.
It is believed that in the capital of modern banks 80% are borrowed finances, and only 20% are their own. Such a small share of its capital is explained by the fact that it is necessary only for the ability of banks to carry out their activities:
Thus, equity banking organization is, in fact, its kind of guarantee fund, and it is simply necessary to ensure the stability and efficiency of its work. Considering that huge amounts of their clients pass through the “hands” of financial institutions every day, they can be called a kind of intermediary between those who need money and those who can provide it.
Features of banking activities for the accumulation of free finance
Firstly, the bank redirects the accumulated amounts in favor of those who apply to it with their financial needs i.e. borrowers. Secondly, he does not acquire ownership of this money, because their owners are depositors who have made their cash contributions to deposit accounts. Thirdly, such financial institutions operate on the basis of licenses and are authorized by regulatory authorities to carry out such activities. In addition, as already noted, in the capital of the bank, the share own funds very small compared to others. Thus, it is difficult to deny that the accumulation of temporarily free finances is one of the most important functions of a bank.
What is the main purpose of the accumulation of free cash? The role of this process is important for the financial institutions themselves, citizens and for the entire state.
First of all, banks perform the function of financial redistribution, as well as support for small and medium-sized businesses. As you know, the category of bank borrowers includes not only individual individuals who need money for recreation or new purchase, but also entrepreneurs who are on fire with an interesting idea, but do not have financial opportunity to embody it. The accumulation of finances makes it possible to concentrate as much money as possible, transferred by investors, and give it to those who are eager to put it into business. And the development of business directly affects the development of the entire state economy and replenishment of the country's budget.
Also, accumulation allows you to reduce the costs of finding credit finance, that is, to avoid large time and financial costs when looking for borrowed funds.
This mechanism also provides an opportunity to make a profit. That is, when financial institutions redistribute temporarily free financial resources, they can receive income in the form of the difference between the interest they charge from borrowers and the interest they pay to savers.
What can be said about accumulation in the end? In essence, it is getting money from money. The main method of accumulating funds is to attract cash deposits citizens and organizations. Everyone benefits from this activity:
- those who transfer their free funds and receive interest for this;
- those who accumulate money masses in their hands and receive interest for transferring them to those in need;
- those who apply for loans and have the opportunity to get it quickly and at no extra cost.
Not only banks are engaged in the accumulation of "free" money - various financial and industrial enterprises and investment funds also accumulate financial resources for investment. But their main difference from banking institutions in this case, it is that they perform such activities for their own purposes. Therefore, it is bank accumulation that is very important both for the population and for the state economy as a whole.
Appendix No. 9 to the municipal program "Formation of a modern urban environment for 2017"
The procedure for accumulating and spending funds of interested parties directed to the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of courtyard areas and the mechanism for monitoring their spending, as well as the procedure for labor and (or) financial participation of citizens in the performance of these works
- General provisions
1.1. This Procedure for the accumulation of funds of interested parties directed to the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of yard areas (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure), regulates the procedure for accumulating funds of interested parties directed to the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of yard territories in the urban settlement "City of Amursk" (hereinafter - city of Amursk), a mechanism for monitoring their spending, and also establishes the procedure and forms of labor and (or) financial participation of citizens in the performance of these works.
1.2. The form of financial participation is understood as the share of financial participation of interested persons, organizations in the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of courtyard areas in the amount established by the authority local government.
1.3. The form of labor participation is understood as unpaid labor activity of interested persons, which has a socially useful orientation, does not require special qualifications and is organized as labor participation of interested persons, organizations in the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of yard areas.
- Organization of financial and (or) labor participation
stakeholders
2.1. The organization of financial participation is carried out by interested parties in accordance with the decision of the general meeting of owners of premises in apartment building, the courtyard of which is subject to improvement, drawn up by the relevant protocol of the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building in the amount of at least 1 percent of the cost of events, in accordance with the Rules for the provision and distribution in 2017 of subsidies from the regional budget to the budgets of municipalities of the Khabarovsk Territory for co-financing expenditure obligations of the municipalities of the Khabarovsk Territory for the implementation of municipal programs the formation of a modern urban environment (Appendix No. 16 to state program Khabarovsk Territory "Improving the quality of housing and communal services for the population of the Khabarovsk Territory") (hereinafter - the Rules).
2.2. The organization of labor participation is carried out by interested parties in accordance with the decision of the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building, the courtyard area of which is subject to improvement, drawn up by the relevant protocol of the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building, in the amount of at least 2 percent of the cost of events, in accordance with the Rules.
2.2.1. As documents (materials) confirming the labor participation of interested parties, a report of the contractor on the performance of work, including information on holding an event with the labor participation of citizens, a report of the Council of the apartment building, the person managing the apartment building on the labor participation of citizens, can be submitted. The report must be accompanied by photo and video materials confirming the holding of the event with the labor participation of citizens. It is recommended to place these photos and videos in the media, in social networks and in the information and telecommunication system "Internet".
- Organization of accumulation and
control over the spending of funds of interested parties
3.1. The municipal program of the city of Amursk provides for the financial participation of interested parties in the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of courtyard areas. In the event that interested parties include in the design project for the improvement of the yard area the works included in the additional list of works on the improvement of yard areas, the funds of interested parties are subject to accumulation by the authorized body for subsequent transfer to the personal account of the administrator of the budget revenues of the urban settlement "City of Amursk" in the treasury bodies .
3.2. The administration of the city of Amursk, as an authorized body for the accumulation of funds of interested persons, directed to the implementation of an additional list of works on the improvement of courtyard areas, has appointed managing organizations (companies), associations of property owners, associations of homeowners, official representatives of the direct method of management (hereinafter referred to as the authorized organization ).
3.3. In order to co-finance measures to improve the yard area and to credit the accumulated funds of interested parties, the Amursk city administration enters into an agreement with an authorized organization, which determines the procedure and amount of funds transfer.
3.4. The amount of funds of interested parties is determined by the estimate calculation of the cost of works on the improvement of the courtyard area, and is not less than 1 percent of the total cost of the relevant types of work from the additional list.
3.5. The amount of money determined budget calculation, can be changed following the results of the procurement of goods, works, services in accordance with the provisions federal law dated 05.04.2013 No. 44-FZ “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs”, as well as taking into account the cost of actually performed work on the improvement of courtyard areas within the additional list.
3.6. The authorized organization in accordance with the powers assigned to it:
3.6.1. Opens accounts for the accumulation of funds of interested parties in Russian credit institutions, the amount of own funds (capital) of which is at least 20 billion rubles. The basis for opening an account for the accumulation of funds of interested parties is the decision of the general meeting of owners of premises in an apartment building, which determines the procedure and amount of funds to be transferred by interested parties for the performance of work provided for in the additional list.
3.6.2. Provides accounting for funds received from interested parties, in the context of apartment buildings, whose courtyard areas are subject to improvement according to an additional list.
3.6.3. Provides on a monthly basis, up to the 5th day of the month following the reporting one, sending data on funds received from interested parties, in the context of apartment buildings, whose courtyard areas are subject to improvement according to an additional list, to the administration of the city of Amursk.
3.6.4. Transfers the funds received from interested parties to the budget of the city of Amursk according to the details in accordance with the APPENDIX to this Procedure.
3.6.5. Carries out the transfer of funds before the start of work on the improvement of the courtyard area.
3.7. The administration of the city of Amursk ensures accounting of funds received from authorized organizations in the context of apartment buildings, the courtyard areas of which are subject to improvement.
3.8. The administration of the city of Amursk provides monthly publication on the official website of the administration of the urban settlement "City of Amursk" in the information and telecommunication system "Internet" (http://amursk.ru) of data on funds received from authorized organizations in the context of apartment buildings, the courtyard areas of which are subject to improvement.
3.9. The Amursk City Administration monthly ensures that data on funds received from authorized organizations, in the context of apartment buildings, whose courtyard areas are subject to improvement, are sent to the public commission formed from representatives of the local government, political parties and other persons (hereinafter referred to as the public commission).
3.10. The public commission exercises control over the targeted spending of the accumulated funds of interested parties to finance an additional list of works included in the design project for the improvement of the courtyard area.
3.11. The accumulated funds are spent by the administration of the city of Amursk to finance an additional list of works on the improvement of yard areas in accordance with the approved design project for the improvement of yard areas, approved by the public commission.
3.12. The expenditure of funds is carried out by accepting and paying obligations in accordance with the budgetary legislation and other regulatory legal documents governing budgetary legal relations.
3.13. Control over the targeted spending of the accumulated funds of interested parties is carried out by the administration of the city of Amursk in accordance with budget legislation.
- Conditions for the return of accumulated funds to interested parties
4.2. The administration of the city of Amursk ensures the return of the accumulated funds to interested parties by December 29, 2017, provided:
a) saving money based on the results of tenders for the selection of a contractor to perform work on the improvement of courtyard areas;
b) saving money, based on the results of work on the improvement of the yard area of an apartment building by a contractor;
c) failure to perform work on the improvement of the yard territory of an apartment building due to the fault of the contractor;
d) non-provision by interested parties of access to work on the improvement of the courtyard area;
e) occurrence of force majeure circumstances;
f) occurrence of other cases provided for by the current legislation.
APPENDIX
to the Procedure for Accumulating and Spending the Funds of Stakeholders Allocated for the Implementation of an Additional List of Works for the Improvement of Yard Territories and the Mechanism for Controlling Their Spending, as well as the procedure for the labor and (or) financial participation of citizens in the performance of these works
Bank details for transferring funds to local budget administration of the urban settlement "City of Amursk"
Beneficiary: UFC for the Khabarovsk Territory (administration of the city of Amursk)
TIN 2706026117
KPP 270601001
Settlement account 40101810300000010001
Bank: Branch Khabarovsk Khabarovsk
BIC 040813001
KBK 156 207 05030 13 0000 180
OKTMO 08603101001
Purpose of payment: Other gratuitous receipts to the budget of the urban settlement, for the improvement of courtyard areas.
CASH ACCUMULATION
the process of gradual accumulation of monetary resources by a person, firm, country.
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A bank is a financial and credit organization, originally created for the safe storage of clients' (depositors') money for the period specified by the agreement. Modern Features banks are much larger. Yes, today banking organizations are issued to the population (in this case, an additional money supply is formed), non-cash payments between individuals and organizations, provide related Financial services. At the same time, such credit and financial companies do not have the right to carry out insurance, trade, and also production activities.
Functions of the Central Bank
The Central Bank is the main (regulating) credit structure of the state. In Russia, functions Central Bank(Central Bank of the Russian Federation) are as follows:
- formation and implementation of domestic credit policy;
- release into free circulation (issue) national currency– paper banknotes and metal coins;
- refinancing of banking institutions;
- management of gold and foreign exchange reserves;
- development and implementation of monetary policy.
In addition, the Central Bank plays the role of the main settlement center banking system and comprehensively controls the activities of commercial organizations.
Functions of commercial banks
Private credit organizations are considered the main link in the financial and credit system of the state and provide clients - depositors and borrowers - with a wide range of services. The main functions of commercial banks are attraction, planned accumulation and distribution of funds, implemented in the following types of operations:
- regulation cash flow;
- intermediation in lending to citizens (including provision) and legal entities,
- translation money supply between clients in the form of non-cash payments, (mediation in payments);
- consulting, providing up-to-date information, increasing financial literacy population.
Functions performed by the bank
All the variety of functions performed by the bank can be summarized in three points.
- Accumulation of funds. It must be understood, however, that if some financial structures(for example, investment funds) accumulate money for their further investment, then banking companies attract and accumulate such resources for their own purposes.
- Regulation of money circulation in the state. banking company can be called a kind of center that passes through itself the payment turnover between the subjects (clients).
- Mediation, which is traditionally understood as the direct activity of an intermediary in transfers, payments and any other types of settlements.
The main functions of the bank
Among the main functions of the bank, the activity of accumulating temporarily free money supply deserves special mention. As a rule, the attraction of the main part of funds is carried out by placing clients (depositors) on deposit and savings accounts. At the same time, the owner of the money benefits in the form of interest income (if we are talking about a deposit), and the company itself receives loan capital, which later replenishes the reserve and is partially used for lending, playing the role of the main source of the company's credit resources.
Credit function of banks
Another important component of modern banking activity is the provision of loans to individuals and legal entities. The credit function of banks is that by providing borrowers with loan funds, the organization thereby creates the so-called mass credit money. At the same time, their main feature we can say that such monetary resources do not have a physical expression - that is, they do not exist in a real "tangible" form, but in the form of records on accounts. Such a mechanism is controlled and regulated by the Central Bank with the help of a number of legislative regulations.
Bank functions in the economy
All processes related to the accumulation and movement of money are essential for economic system states. However, the functions of the bank in the economy are not limited to accumulation and redistribution. In addition to them, such companies also stimulate financial savings in the economic sphere, which directly affects the state of the country's economy. Equally significant component can be called the securities market ( stock market), also closely related to banking on mediation in operations carried out with shares, bonds and other securities.
Bank management functions
The key functions of bank management are assigned to a special body - general meeting shareholders. It includes members-shareholders who own registered shares of the company. In some cases, the composition of the body also includes owners of so-called preferred shares. Two other governing structures are subordinate to the meeting: the audit commission and the board of directors, which formulate and implement internal politics. The role of the main executive body is played by the board, which in the overwhelming majority of cases is formed from among the key shareholders of the organization.
ACCUMULATION OF CASH is the process of gradual accumulation of monetary resources by an economic entity.
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- INTERNAL TURNOVER- INTERNAL TURNOVER, calculated in monetary terms, the annual turnover of material resources and funds within the enterprise.
- REPLENISHMENT- REPLENISHMENT restoration of the volume of funds, stocks, bringing them to the required rate, supplementing the available funds with the missing ones.
- FLOW OF FUNDS- CASH MOVEMENT change in the amount of money on the accounts of individuals and legal entities, the transfer of money from one hand to another.
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