Deposit policy of the commercial bank sberbank. Improving the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia
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MINISTRY OF BRANCH
FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL
ESTABLISHMENT
HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"OMSK STATE INSTITUTE OF SERVICE"
COLLEGE "REFERENCE"
COURSE WORK
by discipline
Finance, money turnover and credit
TOPIC: Improving the deposit PJSC policies"Sberbank of Russia"
Completed: 3rd year student
Prilepa G.A.
Direction:
38.00.00 Economics and Management
Supervisor: An Yu.N.
Omsk - 2017
Introduction
Chapter 1: Theoretical Aspects of Formation deposit policy commercial banks
1.1 Concept and classification deposit operations commercial bank
1.2 Formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks in the banking resource management system
1.3 Legal and regulatory framework governing deposit operations
Chapter 2. Analysis of the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia
2.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of the activities of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
2.2 Analysis of deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia
2.3 Improving the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia
Conclusion
List of sources used
Introduction
A certain specificity of banking leaves its mark on the formation of the resources of a commercial bank - its main part is formed at the expense of borrowed funds, by attracting funds from the population, organizations and legal entities in the form of deposits (deposits), opening current accounts for legal entities, personal accounts for individuals persons.
The main part of banks' resources is formed by borrowed funds, which cover up to 90% of the entire need for funds for active banking operations. Funds attracted by banks are diverse in composition. Their main types are funds attracted by banks in the process of working with clients (deposits), funds accumulated by issuing their own debt obligations (certificates of deposit and savings).
By attracting cash, the bank conducts passive operations, which are necessary for the active operations of the bank. Attraction of deposits also refers to the passive operations of the bank.
Deposits are the main type of resources attracted by commercial banks. Indeed, it is they who reveal the content of a commercial bank as an intermediary in the acquisition of resources on the free market of credit resources. Therefore, in order to carry out its commercial activities, a bank needs to develop and implement an effective deposit policy that will take into account all the needs and changes in the banking services market.
The relevance of the topic of the work is related to the vision of banks' problems in the formation of a resource base and their effective placement in the context of an unstable inflation rate and significant fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Russian currency and the tightening of requirements of bodies regulating the banking sector.
The purpose of the course is to analyze the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia and determine the directions for its improvement.
In accordance with this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks of the course work:
1. To study the essence and types of deposit operations of banks.
2. To study the procedure for the formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank.
3. Study the regulatory - legislative framework regulating deposit operations in the Russian Federation.
4. Describe the activities of Sberbank of Russia PJSC.
5. Analyze the deposit operations of Sberbank of Russia.
6. Suggest directions for improving deposit operations at Sberbank of Russia.
Research methods: analysis of economic, legal, statistical sources of literature; empirical method.
The structure of the course work. Course work includes content, introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of used sources.
The object of the research is Sberbank of Russia, the subject is deposit operations and the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia.
Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of the formation of deposit operations of a commercial bank
1.1 Concept and classification of depositsoperations of a commercial bank
Deposit operations are operations of banks to attract funds from legal and individuals in deposits either for a specified period or on demand. The subjects of deposit operations are enterprises of all organizational and legal forms and individuals. The objects of deposit operations are deposits, i.e. the amount of funds that the subjects of deposit operations deposit to bank accounts - Demand deposits represent funds that can be claimed at any time without the prior consent of the bank from the client. These include:
Funds on settlement, current, budget and other accounts,
Related to the settlement or intended use
· Funds;
· Funds on the bank's correspondent account opened with the RCC;
· Funds on the LORO account when establishing correspondent relations with other banks;
· Demand deposits.
In most commercial banks, demand deposits account for the largest share in the structure of attracted funds. This is, as a rule, the cheapest source of banking resources for education. The ability of the account holder to withdraw funds at any time requires the presence of an increased share of highly liquid assets in the bank's turnover by reducing the share of less liquid assets that generate high incomes. Therefore, on demand account balances, banks charge very low interest or it is not charged at all. In some countries, it is generally prohibited by law to charge interest on these deposits, because in the competition for liabilities, banks increase interest rates on customer accounts, while striving to prevent a decrease in profits, and solve this problem through risky credit investments that bring increased income, however, risky loans have a negative impact on the bank's liquidity. Despite the high mobility of funds on demand accounts, it is possible to determine their minimum irreducible balance and use it as a stable credit resource.
Demand deposits include correspondent accounts of banks opened with the RCC or correspondent banks for the purpose of making settlements and payments in unilaterally or on behalf of each other. Correspondent accounts are divided into two types: NOSTRO (our accounts in the correspondent bank) and LORO (their accounts in our bank). As a rule, when establishing correspondent relations between banks, the parties provide for the possibility of forming an overdraft on these accounts, the maximum amount of which is determined by the terms of the agreement on correspondent relations between banks. The credit balance on the NOSTRO and LORO accounts reflects in the bank's balance sheet the resources at its disposal from the correspondent banks.
Opening and servicing all types of on-demand accounts provides for the preparation and execution of an appropriate agreement between the bank and the client. If an account is opened for an individual, then this agreement is called a bank call deposit agreement. For settlement and current accounts of legal entities, it is envisaged to conclude a bank account agreement. Both agreements are public and standard for all clients of the bank. In this case, the conclusion of a bank deposit agreement is carried out by employees of the operational divisions and the bank's accounting department, and the bank account agreement - by employees of the passive operations department and the client department of the credit institution. When opening correspondent accounts, an agreement is signed between banks on the establishment of correspondent relations, on the basis of which the procedure for opening and maintaining accounts of this type is carried out. The agreement is drawn up and executed by an employee of the interbank lending and correspondent relations department of a commercial bank.
Time deposits are deposits attracted for a certain period. The amount of remuneration paid to the client on a term deposit depends on the term, the amount of the deposit and the depositor's fulfillment of the terms of the contract. A well-defined shelf life is very important for maintaining the liquidity of a commercial bank's balance sheet. Of course, this allows banks to charge higher interest rates on fixed-term contracts. The amount of the term deposit remains unchanged during the entire term of the term deposit agreement. It cannot be increased or decreased otherwise than by early termination of the contract. But at the same time, the depositor is charged interest at a reduced rate or is not charged at all. Time deposits cannot be used for current payments. After the expiration of the term, the deposit can be withdrawn by the depositor at any time.
To increase the interest of depositors in placing their funds, the bank uses different ways calculation and payment of interest. The traditional type of income calculation is simple interest, when the actual balance of the deposit is used as the basis for the calculation and the calculation is made on the basis of the interest rate specified in the agreement.
Another type of income calculation is compound interest (the calculation of interest on interest). In this case, after the expiration of the settlement period, interest is accrued on the amount of the deposit and the resulting value is added to the amount of the deposit. Thus, in the following billing period the interest rate is applied to the new base, increased by the amount of previously accrued income. Compound interest it is advisable to use it if the actual payment of income is carried out at the end of the term of the deposit. Reasonably planned interest rate policy allows a commercial bank to increase its resources without significantly increasing costs while obtaining maximum profit.
1.2 Formation of the deposit policy of commercial banks in the banking resource management system
In order to attract resources for their activities, it is important for commercial banks to develop a deposit policy strategy based on the goals and objectives of a commercial bank, enshrined in the charter, maximizing profit and the need to preserve bank liquidity. A deposit policy must first of all meet the following requirements:
Economic expediency;
Competitiveness;
Internal consistency.
The economic feasibility here means the profitability of using the attracted resources of the population. This issue, of course, should be considered in the general context of active-passive management. When calculating the relative efficiency of attracting deposit resources from individuals, it is necessary to take into account both the costs associated with them, including reserves, as well as the indefinite degree of their liquidity, and obvious benefits.
The system of interest rates on deposits should be focused on the market situation, while taking into account the emerging hierarchy of reliability of comparable instruments. Thus, a bank that keeps rates at a lower level than competitors close to it in terms of reliability risks losing part of its clientele.
The internal consistency of the deposit policy can be considered in several aspects. This is the temporary structure of deposit rates, and their differentiation by amounts, types of deposits in comparison with other comparable instruments of the same bank (certificates, bills of exchange, etc.), as well as by various categories of clientele (for example, for individuals and legal entities).
Considering the essence of the deposit policy of commercial banks, it is necessary to touch upon such issues as: subjects and objects of the deposit policy, the principles of its formation, as well as the boundaries of the deposit policy.
The subjects of the deposit policy of a commercial bank include clients of the bank, commercial banks and state institutions... The objects of the deposit policy include the borrowed funds of the bank and Additional services bank (comprehensive service) The formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank is based on both general and specific principles.
Under general principles deposit policy is understood as the principles that are the same for the state monetary credit policy The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, conducted at the macroeconomic level, and for policy at the level of each particular commercial bank. These include the principles of an integrated approach, scientific substantiation, optimality and efficiency, as well as the unity of all elements of the bank's deposit policy. A complex approach expressed as in development theoretical foundations, priority directions the bank's deposit policy in terms of its development strategy, and in determining the most effective and optimal tactics and methods of its implementation for a given stage of the bank's development.
The specific principles of the deposit policy include the principles of ensuring the optimal level of bank costs, security of deposit operations, reliability, since the bank, by accumulating temporarily free funds for the purpose of their subsequent placement, seeks to receive income not at any cost, but taking into account the realities of the market in which he carries out his activities.
In connection with the above, it should be said that the process of formation of the deposit policy is closely interconnected with the bank's interest rate policy, since the deposit interest is an effective tool in attracting resources. In times state regulation marginal interest rates were established by law in accordance with the maturity of the deposit, and now banks can independently set competitive interest rates, focusing on the discount rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the state money market and based on its own deposit policy. By certain types of deposit accounts, the amount of income is determined by the term of the deposit, the amount, the specifics of the functioning of the account, the volume and nature of the related services and depends on the client's compliance with the terms of the deposit.
The payment of interest on deposits by the bank is the main part of operating expenses. Therefore, the bank, on the one hand, is not interested in a high level of interest rates, and on the other, it is forced to maintain such a level of interest rates on deposits that would be attractive to clients. Trying to attract deposits, especially large and long-term deposits, commercial banks offer clients high interest rates, despite the increase in interest costs. However, the attraction of funds from the population by banks is not unlimited.
In order to ensure the stability of credit institutions The central bank Russia has established a mandatory standard H11 - maximum size attracted cash deposits(deposits) of the population. It is calculated as a percentage of the total amount of money deposits of the population and the amount own funds(capital) of the bank. The maximum allowable value of this indicator is 100%.
One of the directions of the interest rate policy of a commercial bank is the calculation and analysis of the cost of all resources and deposit operations.
This requires:
Establish an acceptable percentage of deposits (deposits);
Study the dynamics of the interest rate on attracted resources;
Analyze changes in interest expense on attracted resources in the total volume of bank expenses.
Interest rates on deposits are set by credit institutions by agreement with customers, taking into account the requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A credit institution does not have the right to unilaterally change interest rates on deposits and the duration of these agreements with clients, with the exception of cases provided for by the Federal Law “On Banks and banking"Or an agreement with a client. The regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the procedure for calculating interest establishes that the income on the deposit is paid to the depositor in cash in the form of interest, which is charged by the bank on the balance of the principal debt at the beginning operating day... When the accounts of the bank's clients are closed, interest is calculated until the day of the actual closing of the account.
When calculating interest, the value of the interest rate is taken into account, the actual number of days for which funds are attracted. For a depositor who chooses a bank for the purpose of placing funds, the determining procedure (other things being equal) may be the procedure for calculating the amount of interest. The fact is that when calculating it, some banks proceed from the exact number of days in a year (365 or 366), and others from an approximate number (360 days), which is reflected in the amount of income.
Interest is accrued in one of their ways:
Simple interest;
Compound interest;
Fixed rate;
Floating interest rate.
A progressively increasing interest rate is also applied, depending on the time the funds are actually on the deposit. This procedure for calculating income stimulates an increase in the shelf life of funds and protects the deposit from inflation.
The interest rate policy of a commercial bank related to the commercialization of its activities should:
Promote the receipt of profit or the creation of conditions for its receipt in the future;
Regulate the values of interest rates on deposits and lending operations and set them at a level that ensures the profitability of banking operations;
Ensure the relationship and consistency between deposit operations and operations for the issuance of loans for terms and amounts;
Maintain balance sheet liquidity;
Minimize interest rate risk.
The main elements of the deposit policy of a commercial bank are:
1) the bank's strategy for the development of the main directions of the deposit process;
2) the bank's policy on organizing the formation of the resource base;
3) control over the implementation of the deposit policy.
As a rule, in foreign practice, commercial banks are encouraged to develop a special document on deposit policy, which would make it possible to determine the bank's strategy and tactics in organizing the deposit process.
1.3 Legal and regulatory framework governing deposit operations
Banks and other credit organizations operate in a specific sector of the market - in the system of monetary and financial relations... This determines the subject of their activity: money, currency values, other financial instruments.
The complexity and importance of relationships on deposits between banks and individuals and legal entities predetermine the need for their regulation. The basis of the latter is a set of legislative and by-laws, normative documents of those government agencies charged with performing the regulatory function in the RF. Currently, the main documents governing deposits in the Russian Federation are: Civil Code of the Russian Federation; Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities in Russian Federation"; Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation", as well as other regulations. Since the center for organizing the deposit system is the Bank of Russia, it is responsible for developing rules and forms of making deposits.
According to Federal law No. 395-1 "On Banks and Banking Activities", bank depositors can be citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons who can dispose of deposits, receive income on deposits, make non-cash payments in accordance with the agreement.
Art. 28 of the Banking Law allows attracting credit institutions on a contractual basis, funds in the form of deposits (deposits), loans, to carry out settlements through the settlement centers and correspondent accounts opened in accordance with the established procedure, opened with each other, and to perform other mutual operations provided for by licenses issued by the Bank of Russia. At the same time, "interest rates on loans, deposits (deposits) and commission fees on operations are set by the credit institution by agreement with the customers", the credit institution.
Art. 29 of the Law prohibits banks from unilaterally shortening the term of a term bank deposit (deposit) agreement, reducing the amount of interest, increasing or, in principle, setting a commission on transactions, except for cases provided for by federal law. You need to know that this prohibition applies only to term deposits, i.e. those that are entered on the terms of their issuance after a certain period of time or upon the occurrence of the circumstances provided for by the contract. With regard to demand deposits (that is, made on the terms of their issuance on demand), everything remains the same. The rates, terms and size of the commission on them may be unilaterally changed by the bank in cases stipulated by federal law or by an agreement with a client. And the law (in this case, clause 2 of article 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) provides that the bank has the right to change the amount of interest paid on demand deposits, unless otherwise provided by the contract.
The relationship between credit institutions and customers must be formalized by an agreement. The agreement must indicate the interest rates on loans and deposits (deposits), the cost of banking services and the timing of their implementation, as well as the procedure for its termination and other essential terms of the agreement.
To provide guarantees for the return of citizens' funds attracted by banks and compensation for the loss of income on invested funds, a system is being created compulsory insurance deposits of individuals in banks. Federal Law No. 177-FZ of 23.12.03 "On Insurance of Individual Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation" establishes the legal, financial and organizational foundations for the functioning of the system of compulsory insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation, the competence, procedure for the formation and activities of the organization, performing the functions of compulsory deposit insurance, as well as the procedure for paying compensation for deposits.
The law regulates relations on the creation and functioning of the deposit insurance system, the formation and use of its monetary fund, payments of compensation for deposits in the event of insured events, as well as relations arising in connection with the implementation of state control over the functioning of the deposit insurance system, and other relations arising in this area. Clause 3 of Article 5 of Federal Law No. 177-FZ of 23.12.2003 “On Insurance of Individual Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation” establishes that deposit insurance does not require the conclusion of an insurance contract between a credit institution and a client.
Deposit insurance does not require depositors to sign an insurance contract. Reimbursement for deposits is paid to the depositor in the amount of 100% of the amount of deposits in the bank in respect of which the insured event occurred, but not more than 1,400,000 rubles. ...
The Civil Code Part two, Chapter 44, establishes the forms of bank agreements on attracting bank deposits (deposits), types of deposits, the procedure for calculating interest on deposits and their payment, ensuring the return of the deposit and the procedure for using a savings (deposit) certificate.
The bank deposit agreement must be concluded in a simple writing and its form will be considered followed when the client makes a contribution to the account. According to the prisoner bank agreement the bank pays the client interest on the deposit in the amount specified in the agreement. Interest on the amount of a bank deposit is calculated from the day following the day of its receipt by the bank until the day of its return to the depositor, inclusive, and if it was debited from the depositor's account for other reasons, until the day of withdrawal, inclusive.
If the client-depositor does not demand the return of the term deposit amount after the expiration of its term or the amount of the deposit made on other terms of return, or upon the occurrence of the circumstances stipulated by the agreement, the agreement is considered extended on the terms of the deposit (deposit) "on demand", unless otherwise provided agreement. Interest on the amount of the bank deposit is paid to the client - the depositor at his request after the expiration of each quarter separately from the amount of the deposit, and interest not demanded during this period increases the amount of the deposit, on which interest is calculated (i.e., interest is added to the deposit), unless otherwise not provided by the bank deposit agreement.
According to the provision “the bank does not have the right to give preference to the shareholders (participants) of the bank over other clients of the bank, i.e. establish other conditions for attracting funds (higher interest rate, more frequent period of capitalization (accrual) of interest), which are placed by the bank's clients on the same terms (amount, term, etc.). "
At the same time, the regulation allows the bank to unilaterally change the interest rate on deposits (for funds recorded in the corresponding bank account) with a term "on demand", unless otherwise provided by the bank deposit agreement (bank account agreement).
When the bank transfers, in accordance with the terms of the agreement, the balances of funds from one balance account for accounting for attracted funds to another balance account for accounting for the same funds (for example, in the event of a change in the term of the deposit (deposit) maintained in the same bank, interest is charged on the balances funds for each balance account (old and new) based on the actual number of calendar days of accounting for funds on each of these accounts.
The Bank of Russia Instruction No. 28-I of September 14, 2006 “On Opening and Closing Bank Accounts, Deposit Accounts” provides a list of types of bank accounts classified on the basis of the subject composition of their owners and the purpose of the accounts. This list includes:
Current, settlement, budget, correspondent accounts;
Correspondent sub-accounts;
Trust accounts;
Special bank accounts;
Deposit accounts of courts, service units bailiffs, law enforcement agencies, notaries.
Banks open these accounts for clients in the currency of the Russian Federation and foreign currencies Oh.
Current accounts are opened for individuals to carry out settlement transactions not related to entrepreneurial activity or private practice.
Chapter2. Analysis of the deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia
2.1 Organizational and economic characteristics of the activities of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
Historically, PJSC Sberbank of Russia counts its foundation from the date of the decree of Emperor Nicholas I on the creation of savings banks, signed on October 30 (November 12), 1841. “With respect to the benefits that Savings Banks can bring, both economically and morally,” the Decree said, “We command: to establish, on the basis explained in the Charter, the Savings Banks for the first time under the Petersburg and Moscow Treasury Treasuries.” The opening of the first savings bank took place in St. Petersburg on March 1, 1842 in the building of the Board of Trustees at 7 Kazanskaya Street. In this building, built in 1810 by the architect G. Quarenghi, the St. Petersburg cash office worked until 1917. On the opening day, 76 depositors visited the cashier, who issued accounts in the amount of 426.5 rubles. The first client of the savings bank was the court counselor, assistant to the Director of the Expedition of the St. Petersburg Loan Treasury, Nikolai Antonovich Christofari, who, with his 10 ruble contribution, laid the foundation for the Russian savings business. He was discharged savings book under No. 1. The Moscow cash desk opened its doors to clients on April 5, 1842 in the building of the Board of Trustees of the Orphanage on Solyanka. Until 1862, it remained the only savings bank in the city that did not have branches, just like St. Petersburg.
PJSC Sberbank of Russia continues to actively develop remote sales channels, in particular, expanding the network of self-service devices. Another remote service, PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" OnL @ yn, is successfully developing. The number of its active users exceeds 9 million clients. Clients were provided with new versions of Sberbank PJSC OnL @ yn applications for iPhone, iPad and Android, as well as an application for Windows Phone... PJSC Sberbank of Russia has a unique branch network and currently it includes 14 regional banks and more than 16 thousand branches in 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, located in 11 time zones. The Bank's foreign network consists of subsidiary banks, branches and representative offices in the CIS, Central and Eastern Europe, Turkey, Great Britain, the USA and other countries.
The main activities of Sberbank of Russia are banking operations:
· Operations with corporate clients: servicing settlement and current accounts, opening deposits, providing financing, issuing guarantees, servicing export-import transactions, cash collection, conversion services, money transfers in favor of legal entities, etc.
Operations with retail clients: accepting funds for deposits and securities of the Bank, lending, servicing bank cards, operations with precious metals, buying and selling foreign currency, payments, money transfers, storage of valuables, etc.
Operations in financial markets: with securities, derivatives financial instruments, foreign currency, etc.
The financial and economic indicators of the activities of Sberbank of Russia are presented in Table 1. The data in Table 1 allow us to formulate the following conclusions:
· Net profit for the 1st half of 2016 was at the level of 229.4 billion rubles, which is almost 3 times higher than the result of the 1st half of 2015 (81.6 billion rubles). The main factor of profit growth is the growth of net interest income due to an increase in the volume of working assets, as well as a decrease in the level of interest rates in the market and the substitution of government funding for clients' funds.
Table 1
Financial and economic performance indicators of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
The total capital of the Bank, calculated in accordance with the Regulation of the Bank of Russia dated December 28, 2012 No. 395-P "On the methodology for determining the amount of equity (capital) of credit institutions (Basel III)", increased by 117.2 in comparison with January 1, 2016 billion rubles, up to 2,775.3 billion rubles. Earned profit became the source of capital growth. The return on assets increased from 0.8% to 2.0%, which was due to an increase in the volume of net profit.
Return on equity for the 1st half of 2016 increased from 8.0% to 18.9% due to an increase in the volume of net profit.
· Net assets decreased as compared to January 1, 2016 by 3.7%, or by 0.8 trillion. rubles, up to 21.9 trillion. rubles. The dynamics of net assets was strongly influenced by the negative revaluation of foreign currency balance sheet items as a result of the strengthening of the ruble. Thus, the net loan debt compared with the beginning of the year decreased by 0.7 trillion. rubles, or by 4.0%, which was a consequence of the revaluation of foreign currency loans to legal entities and non-resident banks. Also, the dynamics of net loan debt was influenced by the investment of part of the funds previously placed in loans to banks in more profitable instruments, in particular, in securities. Net investments in securities and other financial assets available for sale increased by 16.1%, or by 0.4 trillion. rubles to 2.7 trillion. rubles. The growth in investments in subsidiaries and affiliates is associated with the pre-capitalization of subsidiaries. Reduction of cash balances from the beginning of the year by 0.3 trillion. rubles, or 34.4%, which took place mainly in January, is explained by a seasonal decrease in demand for cash compared to the period new year holidays. 12
· The basis of the Bank's resource base remains customer funds. Since the beginning of the year, their balance has decreased by 0.7 trillion. rubles, or 3.9%, to 17.0 trillion. rubles. The dynamics of customer funds was affected by the negative revaluation of foreign currency balances.
· Financial results(including other comprehensive income from revaluation valuable papers for sale) amounted to 295.1 billion rubles, which is 89.3 billion rubles, or 43.4% more than the same indicator of the previous year.
Liquidity indicators of Sberbank of Russia are presented in Table 2. Commercial depositary bank
In the 1st half of 2016, the total assets of Sberbank of Russia decreased by 831 billion rubles and amounted to 21,876 billion rubles in the second quarter (against 22,707 billion rubles at the beginning of the year).
The main factors that determined the dynamics of assets were:
· Decrease in the amount of net loan debt (decrease over the year by 682 billion rubles to the level of 16,188 billion rubles);
· A decrease in the amount of cash by 252 billion rubles due to a decrease in demand for cash from customers;
Revaluation of assets at fair value through profit or loss (for 2015 - by RUB 155 billion),
· An increase in investments in securities and other financial assets available for sale, as well as an increase in investments in subsidiaries and affiliates (by 598 billion rubles in total over six months).
table 2
Liquidity indicators of Sberbank of Russia
Symbol (number) of the standard |
Name of the regulation |
Allowable standard value |
The actual value of the standard |
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Capital Adequacy |
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Adequacy of fixed capital |
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Adequacy of own funds (capital) |
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Instant liquidity |
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Current liquidity |
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Long-term liquidity |
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Maximum exposure per borrower or group of related borrowers |
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Maximum exposure to major credit risks |
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Maximum loan size, bank guarantees and guarantees provided to shareholders (participants) |
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Aggregate amount of risk by insider |
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Use of own funds (capital) for the acquisition of shares (stakes) of other legal entities persons |
The main reason for the decrease in the amount of liabilities in the 1st half of 2016 by 1,062 billion rubles was the outflow of funds from customers other than credit institutions (in the 1st half of the year - 696 billion rubles) and the outflow of funds from credit institutions by 194 billion rubles. Customer funds remain the main source of the resource base. In addition, the Bank completely abandoned expensive borrowings within the framework of the main refinancing instruments of the Bank of Russia - direct REPO and loans secured by non-marketable assets at 312-P in the amount of RUB 200 billion - which was a consequence of the Bank's flexible interest rate policy and effective management of active and passive base in the 1st half of 2016. On January 1, 2016, a new mandatory Bank of Russia ratio came into force - the short-term liquidity ratio (Basel 3) N26. N26 is calculated for the Sberbank of Russia PJSC Group. The minimum allowable value of the standard for 2016 is 70% with a subsequent annual increase of 10 percentage points until reaching 100% from January 1, 2019. The value of the standard in the second quarter was 99.9% 11. Sberbank's business plan provides for unconditional compliance with the Bank of Russia limit on the short-term liquidity ratio throughout 2016.
The Bank's instant liquidity ratio (N2) regulates the risk of the bank losing liquidity during an operating day (the Bank of Russia limit is 15%). Compared to July 1, 2015, the Н2 standard decreased by 2.46 and as of July 1, 2016 amounted to 105.01%.
Standard current liquidity Bank (N3) reflects the risk of the Bank losing its solvency within 30 days (the Bank of Russia limit is 50%). Over the year, the N3 standard decreased by 17.30 percentage points and as of July 1, 2016 amounted to 148.93%. The Bank's long-term liquidity ratio (N4) reflects the risk of the Bank losing liquidity as a result of placing funds in long-term assets (the Bank of Russia limit is 120%). Since July 1, 2015, the N4 standard has decreased by 5.42 and as of July 1, 2016 it amounted to 63.87%. The Bank with a reserve complies with the limit values of mandatory liquidity ratios established by the Bank of Russia.
For the last years of PAO Sberbank of Russia carried out a lot of work, which ensured the final formation of the main groups of competitive advantages, namely:
· Significant customer base. Sberbank of Russia PJSC successfully works with clients in all segments (from retail clients and individual entrepreneurs to the largest holdings and transnational companies) in all regions of the country.
· Huge scale of operations. PJSC Sberbank of Russia has undeniable advantages both in terms of the scale of the business (size of transactions, access to resources, international ratings) and in terms of the size and quality of physical infrastructure (in particular, a unique distribution network for retail and corporate clients, including physical offices, ATMs and payment terminals, digital service channels).
· A wide range of financial products and services. Due to the presence in the Group's product line of a full range of operations for all groups of clients in all countries of presence, Sberbank of Russia can provide comprehensive services to each client - both in Russia and abroad. The bank also has a unique opportunity to provide high-quality services to both individuals and legal entities at the same time.
· Industrial technologies. For 5 years, Sberbank of Russia has managed to create a solid foundation for further innovative development: An industrial risk management system has been built, the operational function has been consolidated, IT processes and systems have been substantially streamlined.
· Powerful brand. The competitive advantage of Sberbank of Russia is based on trust on the part of all categories of customers, which is supported by the quality of service and positive customer experience. Over the past 5 years, the brand of Sberbank of Russia, along with our traditional attributes of reliability and stability, is increasingly becoming associated with modern technologies and innovation, becoming a symbol of the Group's success.
· International presence. In recent years, Sberbank of Russia has significantly expanded its international presence and has become a truly international group. Presence in 22 countries of the world gives us the opportunity to replicate the best technologies and practices within the Group, diversify risks, strengthen the brand on international markets, develop an international team of employees.
· Team and management technologies. For 5 years, the team of the Group has significantly renewed itself, strengthened its skills, and also acquired a unique experience of large-scale transformation. Also, Sberbank of Russia PJSC paid significant attention to the development and large-scale replication of modern management technologies, for example, building a function for working with personnel, introducing tools Production system PJSC "Sberbank of Russia", to improve the efficiency of management of current activities.
Medium-term development plans of Sberbank of Russia are defined by the Development Strategy for the period 2014-2018. In accordance with the Strategy, over the next five years, the Sberbank of Russia Group plans to double its net profit and assets, significantly improve the efficiency of cost management, increase the capital adequacy ratio of the first tier, and maintain the return on equity at a level higher than world peers.
It is planned to achieve the indicated results through work in the following key areas:
· Strengthening competitive positions - maintaining or increasing Sberbank's share in most markets. This will ensure the growth rates of the Bank's business volumes exceeding the market average. In this case, the products will be especially significant settlement and cash services, work with small and medium-sized businesses.
· Ensuring the outstripping growth rate of non-credit income - as a result of the development of relations with clients and the expansion of the product offer, an increase in the number of products per client by an average of 50-70%.
· Ensuring high efficiency in cost management - as a result of the implementation of large-scale transformations in the organization of the sales and customer service system, increasing the efficiency of operations and processes aimed at significantly increasing labor productivity.
· Maintaining high quality of assets - building an optimal ratio of profitability and risk in lending operations.
The fulfillment of the financial objectives of the strategy is closely interconnected with the successful advancement of the Bank in five main directions of development or strategic themes, also formulated in the Strategy:
· With a client for life: we will build very deep trusting relationships with our clients, we will become a useful, sometimes invisible and integral part of their life. Our goal is to exceed the expectations of our clients;
· Team and culture: we strive to ensure that our employees and corporate culture of Sberbank of Russia become one of the main sources of our competitive advantage;
· Technological breakthrough: we will complete the technological modernization of the Bank and learn to integrate all the most modern technologies and innovations into our business;
· Financial performance: we will increase the financial return of our business through more efficient cost management and the ratio of risk and reward;
· A mature organization: we will develop organizational and managerial skills, create processes that match the scale of the Sberbank of Russia Group and our level of ambitions.
2.2 Analysis of deposit operations of PJSC "SberbankRussia "
Attracting funds from private clients and ensuring their safety remain the basis of the business of Sberbank of Russia PJSC raises funds in time deposits, demand deposits, including bank cards, savings certificates, bills and accounts in precious metals... The volume of funds attracted from individuals, including time deposits, demand accounts and bank cards, as well as funds in precious metals, increased by 2.2 trillion in 2015. rub. and by January 1, 2016 exceeded RUB 10.3 trillion. (Table 3).
Table 3
The structure of funds of individuals of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
The growth rate at the end of the reporting year (27.2%) exceeded the growth rate of individuals' funds at the end of the previous year (4.9%). The main increase was due to time deposits in rubles. The volume of foreign currency deposits also increased in dollar terms. Some of the deposits are open in remote channels.
During 2015, with the general market trend towards a decrease in interest rates on deposits and with the existing dynamics key rate The Bank of Russia, Sberbank has lowered interest rates on deposits in rubles and foreign currency six times, including on savings certificates of individuals. Promotions for ruble products, maintaining a competitive level of rates for foreign currency deposits, as well as new deposits for wealthy clients allowed Sberbank of Russia to retain its market share by term deposits in rubles and significantly increase the share of foreign currency deposits (Table 4).
As of January 1, 2016, more than 170 thousand clients have signed up for the Sberbank Premier service package and over 22 thousand VIP clients use the Sberbank First service package.
Table 4
Share of Sberbank of Russia in the Russian retail deposit market
As part of these packages, customers receive premium debit cards for yourself and your loved ones, cards Priority Pass for access to the business lounges of the world's largest airports, they have the opportunity to take advantage of preferential exchange rates for currencies and precious metals, as well as a discount on the payment for using safe deposit boxes. Each package has a special line of deposits with an increased interest rate, as well as increased rates on savings accounts.
For clients of the upper mass segment, from October 1, 2015, the “Golden” service package was launched, which includes gold debit cards and travel insurance for the whole family.
Within the framework of agreements on the procedure for interaction between PJSC Sberbank of Russia and a branch of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation16 upon delivery of pensions paid by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, concluded at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, PJSC Sberbank of Russia offers a service for pensioners and privileged categories of citizens: certificates on the types and amounts of pensions and other social payments FIUs credited to an account with Sberbank. A certificate is issued at any Sberbank office or using the Sberbank Online service, as well as at ATMs and other self-service devices of the Bank. A certificate on the types and amounts of pensions allows pensioners to quickly receive detailed information about all types of payments due to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and their amounts for required period... The share of pensioners receiving their pension through the Bank is constantly growing. The number of Russians who entrusted the payment of their pensions to Sberbank reached 24.8 million people (Table 5).
Table 5
Statistics of pensioners in PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
In PJSC Sberbank of Russia, work with the Social segment is separately distinguished. The level of protection of the interests of pensioners regarding the safety of their deposits from the encroachments of third parties has been increased. A memo has been developed for employees of departments to protect the savings of pensioners and disabled people from fraudulent actions of third parties. Now, by performing simple actions, branch employees can stop fraudsters, prevent them from using their credulity and trick customers into committing expense transactions by accounts. Simplified registration of receiving a pension to accounts in the Bank: an application for the delivery of a pension is automatically printed out when opening an account, which frees up 15 minutes of clients' time and eliminates the time-consuming manual filling of details. Work is underway so that pensioners can draw up documents for the delivery of pensions remotely via Personal Area on Single portal government services.
Sberbank of Russia offers various deposit programs. Therefore, every citizen of Russia can use the most convenient program:
· "Save your contribution";
· "Savings certificate";
· "Urgent";
· “Deposit for people of retirement age”.
Large banking institution developed an original program with about 13 options and conditions for depositors. Moreover, 8 of them are replenished monthly, and 4 programs can offer partial withdrawal of savings. The main amount of deposits allows you to realize the capitalization of rates. As a result, payments on deposits are:
About 2% per annum in euros;
10% in local currency;
3% in dollars.
People of retirement age most often use deposits "Replenish" and "Save". The terms of these deposits are almost identical to those for other categories of people. The only difference is the deposit rate. It depends on the period of validity of the savings funds. To increase your own capital, you can use an online deposit.
The Pension Plus deposit program is very popular with pensioners. According to the terms of this deposit, the profit is accrued in the form of a certain allowance to the pension. In addition, there is the possibility of an additional contribution and partial withdrawal of the accrued interest. The general rate on this deposit is 3.72% per annum.
Lucky Interest is a new contribution for citizens. The total rate on this deposit depends on several factors:
Economic situation in the state;
Inflation rate;
Total amount banking resources;
Business activity.
Banking offers of deposit programs depend on the listed criteria. In addition, most of these factors are directed at the main position of the Central Bank of Russia. According to official information, the deposit rate this year will not exceed 10% at Sberbank. The inflation rate in 2016 was approximately 9%. Accordingly, a large financial institution rescues capital from the effects of inflation.
Last year, a financial institution cut interest rates due to low level inflation and difficult economic situation. In the current year, a decrease in deposit rates is also expected. The instability of the domestic currency and a sharp drop in oil prices influenced this process. However, the competent policy of the bank made it possible to change some amendments and adjustments in interest rates on deposits in PJSC Sberbank of Russia in 2016 to date.
Sberbank regularly carries out various modernizations in the field of deposits. New programs are emerging for the accumulation and saving of financial resources. Even in spite of the crisis in Russia, depositors manage their savings proceeding from the proposed banking programs. Savings deposits will help:
Withdraw interest income monthly;
Get the most profitable profit;
Place and replenish funds;
Use the most profitable programs for a period of 3 to 6 months;
Withdraw the accumulated money if absolutely necessary.
PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" offers every citizen of the Russian Federation a flexible system of cash deposits. Each person can choose the expiration date for the accumulated funds. For example, a "Top up" term deposit is issued after 3 months. This deposit is valid for several years (3 years).
PJSC Sberbank of Russia offers various deposit programs with optimal deposit rates. The new investment "profitable season" guarantees a good profit of up to 11.7%. The smallest amount for opening a deposit account is at least 1 million rubles. The "Save" deposit provides an excellent opportunity to register a deposit in foreign and domestic currencies. The smallest investments from 110 euros and dollars, 1100 rubles. The ruble deposit is equal to 6.32% -9%, and in euros 0.15% and 1.9%, in dollars 0.25% and 1.8%.
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development of proposals for improving the deposit policy of a commercial bank. (slide 2)
Based on the purpose of my work, I tried to solve the following problems: (slide 3 !!!)
Research object acts on the activities of the branch No. 4205 of OJSC "Savings Bank of the Russian Federation"
In the first part, I disclosed the essence, goals, objectives of the deposit policy, theoretical issues of my work were sanctified in part 1 of it.
The specificity of a banking institution as one of the types of a commercial enterprise is that the overwhelming part of its resources is formed at the expense of attracted funds.
The main types of funds attracted by the bank are funds attracted by banks in the process of working with clients (deposits), funds accumulated by issuing their own debt obligations (deposit and savings certificates, bills of exchange).
In order to attract resources, it is important for commercial banks to develop a deposit policy strategy based on the goals and objectives of a commercial bank, enshrined in the charter, maximizing profit and the need to preserve bank liquidity.
At the heart of the formation of the deposit policy of a commercial bank are some basic and specific signs that we can see on the next slide (slide 4)
The first section also discusses the mechanism for forming a deposit policy, which is schematically shown in Figure 1 of the handout.
In the second part of my work, I conducted a market analysis bank deposits in the Russian Federation and the place of Sberbank in this market.
For example, in 2005, the trend of previous years to reduce the number of banks licensed to attract deposits from individuals has noticeably increased. This was the result of the selection of banks in the deposit insurance system. In 2005, the number of such banks decreased from 1165 to 1045.
The dynamics of funds raised from individuals testifies to the continued positive trends in the development of the banking sector. In 2005, household funds in banks grew by 39% to 2,817 billion rubles (in 2004, by 30%). Of these, as of January 1, 2006, 1,524 billion rubles were placed in Sberbank, and 1,293 billion rubles in other banks.
In 2005, the share of Sberbank in the retail deposit market continued to decline.
Sberbank's share in the retail deposit market
It should be noted that the decline in Sberbank's share in the deposit market is due to the accelerated development of retail business by other banks, since in absolute terms, deposits with Sberbank are consistently growing.
The next point of my work was the analysis of deposits of the 4205 branch of the Security Council of the Russian Federation for 2003-2005.
The structure of borrowed funds is shown in Figure 2 of the handout. The main share of the balance sheet liabilities are borrowed funds, in which funds of individuals in 2005 (2,759,393 thousand rubles) make up 83% of the liabilities amount, while funds of legal entities account for only (440,522 thousand rubles) 13.25% of the liability amount.
The largest part of the bank's liabilities, i.e. physical means persons increased from 2003 to 2005 by 1,350,452 thousand rubles, which indicates the popularity of Sberbank among the population and the correct policy of the bank in the field of services for individuals. persons.
These data are presented in Table 1.
In fig. 3 handouts we can trace the dynamics deposits nat. persons. We observe a significant increase in the popularity of deposits of individuals. persons. From 2003 to 2005 deposits of individuals. persons in the department of the Security Council of the Russian Federation No. 4205 increased from 1406994 thousand rubles. in 2003 to 2,757,446 thousand rubles. in 2005, i.e. almost on 196 %.
In table 2 we will consider the dynamics of investment of funds of individuals. persons in savings certificates.
Having considered the amount of funds invested in savings certificates, we come to the conclusion that there was an increase in these funds for the reporting period by 187.23 thousand rubles.
In fig. 4 clearly shows that in 2004 there was a sharp increase in the funds of physical. persons invested in savings certificates, and then reducing this amount.
This change is also influenced by the interest rate policy of the bank, so if
Institute of Economics and Management (JV) FSUAO VO “KFU named after V.I. Vernadsky "
5th year student
Sribnaya Ekaterina Andreevna, Institute of Economics and Management (JV) FSUAO VO “Kazan Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky ", Republic of Crimea, Simferopol, Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Public Finance and Banking
Annotation:
V this article investigated the problems faced by commercial banks in the implementation of deposit operations, analyzed the problems of the deposit policy of commercial banks and ways to solve them, and considered a set of measures aimed at improving the market for private deposit resources.
This article explores the problems faced by commercial banks in conducting deposit operations, analyzes the problems of the deposit policy of commercial banks and the ways of their solution, and considers a set of measures aimed at improving the private deposit market.
Keywords:
deposit; commercial Bank; deposit operations; entity; individual; interest rate; Problems
deposit; commercial Bank; deposit operations; entity; individual; interest rate; problems
UDC 336.71
Introduction
Deposit operations are the main ones in terms of volume among all operations of banking institutions. They form the basis of the resources of commercial banks. The formation of deposit resources allows commercial banks to carry out active operations and maintain the required level of liquidity of a banking institution.
Relevance
There are a number of problems in the formation and management of deposits of commercial banks in the Russian Federation. It is advisable to refer to them:
1) instability of the banking system in the Russian Federation;
2) frequent policy changes The central bank Russian Federation;
3) shortage of long-term and cheap financial resources and the prevalence of short-term resources over long-term in commercial banks;
4) low capitalization of commercial banks in banking system Russian Federation;
5) the prevalence of deposits of individuals in commercial banks of the Russian Federation.
The problem of deposit operations of commercial banks is associated with:
1) the problems of commercial banks of the Russian Federation in the formation of a resource base and the efficient placement of attracted funds into active operations in a competitive market of banking resources;
2) the problems of inflationary processes taking place in the Russian Federation;
3) problems of fluctuations in the national currency of the Russian Federation (ruble);
4) the problems of tightening the requirements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which regulates and controls commercial banks, which, in turn, determines the scale of the commercial bank's activities, the objects of its active operations, the aggregate volume of the commercial bank's resource base, as well as the amount of attracted resources.
The purpose This article is an analysis of the problems of the implementation of deposit operations by commercial banks in the Russian Federation.
In accordance with the set goal, the following were solved in the work. tasks:
1. The problems faced by commercial banks in the implementation of deposit operations have been investigated.
2. Analyzed the problems of the deposit policy of commercial banks and ways to solve them.
3. A set of measures aimed at improving the market for private deposit resources was considered.
Materials and methods: research and subsequent conclusions were built on the basis of the studied material, legislative acts, textbooks and scientific articles of domestic and foreign scientists on the relevant issues.
In the process of writing the article, we used the following methods of scientific knowledge:
- Abstraction and concretization (in the study of the problems faced by commercial banks in the implementation of deposit operations).
- Methods of analysis and synthesis (when analyzing the problems of the deposit policy of commercial banks and ways to solve them and a set of measures aimed at improving the market for private deposit resources).
Results:
V.M. Solodkov highlights the problems of deposit operations of a commercial bank in the Russian Federation: “1) the weakness of the resource base that has existed since the creation of the banking system in the Russian Federation and is expressed in a shortage of long-term liabilities; 2) in the context of the emergence of long-term instruments and declining inflation, interest rate risk arises, that is, there is a need to regulate it; 3) there are a number of difficulties in the interaction of commercial banks and depositors ”.
Due to ill-considered deposit policy, banking institutions are faced with liquidity problems.
When carrying out banking activities, the main condition for the effective functioning of commercial banks is to increase profitability and ensure liquidity.
The mechanism of the compulsory reserve ratio for commercial banks is that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation establishes for all commercial banks and other depository institutions a rate of compulsory storage of attracted funds on correspondent accounts without the right to use them and without paying interest on these funds. The amount of required reserves is set as a percentage of the total amount of attracted commercial bank Money.
The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, by increasing the required reserve ratio, immediately reduces the volume of excess reserves of commercial banks, reduces their lending capacity, and reduces the level of multiplication of attracted deposits. Accordingly, the total volume of money supply on the credit market of the Russian Federation decreases.
If the Central Bank of the Russian Federation needs to increase the supply of funds, then it is necessary to reduce the required reserve ratio. A decrease in the required reserve ratio by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation will lead to an increase in the volume of free reserves, an increase in the credit capacity of commercial banks and an increase in the level of multiplication of deposits attracted by commercial banks.
On money supply the reserve requirement of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation affects not only through a change in the volume of resources of each commercial bank, but also through a change in the money multiplier. Therefore, in countries with market economies, this instrument of monetary policy is used with certain restrictions. Frequent changes in the required reserves by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation have a negative impact on the activities of commercial banks.
When carrying out deposit operations, banking institutions are faced with many problems, the main of which are the following:
1) insufficient level of capitalization of banking institutions in the Russian Federation;
2) lack of interest of the management personnel of banking institutions in attracting deposit resources of individuals;
3) weak level management in commercial banks in the Russian Federation;
4) the lack of a scientifically grounded management strategy among banking institutions in the Russian Federation;
5) a rather limited list of proposed deposit operations for individuals and legal entities by commercial banks of the state;
6) a high level of interbank competition, which forces commercial banks to find new sources of attracting financial resources;
7) the consequences of crisis phenomena on foreign exchange, monetary, credit and financial market The Russian Federation, which negatively affects the activities of commercial banks in the state.
In our opinion, the main problem of deposit operations of commercial banks in the Russian Federation is the insufficient level of capitalization. This is due to the fact that the capitalization of banking institutions has a strong impact on the level of profitability and liquidity of a banking institution. The efficiency of any banking institution depends on the amount of borrowed and borrowed resources in a commercial bank.
Attracting financial resources and changing the structure of sources of attracting resources is the main component of the policy for managing liabilities and assets in a commercial bank. Timely, effective and competent management of passive operations of commercial banks presupposes the implementation of a competent and effective deposit policy by banking institutions.
Within the framework of the modern development of the banking services market, it is advisable to highlight a number of problems inherent in the deposit policy pursued by commercial banks, as well as to propose a number of ways to solve the identified problems. This will enable commercial banks to minimize the risks of attracting and allocating resources in order to improve the efficiency of their activities and prevent the bankruptcy of a commercial bank.
The problems of the deposit policy of commercial banks and the ways to solve them are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Problems of deposit policy of commercial banks and ways to solve them
Problems |
Solutions |
1. Development of competition in the banking system between commercial banks for depositors and borrowers |
Increasing the attractiveness of deposit operations for depositors in terms of amount, timing, interest rates; introduction of new technologies in deposit operations; improving the quality of service; strengthening the image of a commercial bank in the banking services market; conducting correct and effective advertising. |
2. Lack of resource base. |
Increasing confidence in commercial banks on the part of legal entities and individuals; activation of the deposit policy of commercial banks; minimization of the influence of negative factors on the activities of commercial banks and, in particular, on the attraction of deposit resources. |
3. Ensuring the safety of invested deposits. |
Insurance of deposits by the state and compulsory standards of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; increasing the indicators of stability and liquidity of the commercial bank's activities. |
4. Instability of the banking sector. |
Policy of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation aimed at stabilizing the situation in the banking sector; conducting competent and effective policies by commercial banks to ensure effective functioning and prevent bankruptcy. |
5. Deficiencies in conducting the deposit process, incorrectly chosen deposit policy. |
Creation of a structure in a commercial bank that regulates deposit operations; implementation of professional development of employees of commercial banks. |
In the implementation of the deposit policy and in the conditions of strong competition in the banking sector of the Russian Federation, banking institutions are very strongly tied to customers and they have a very high dependence on them. The greater the limited financial resources, the greater the dependence of the banking institution on the circle of clients.
One of the main reasons for the crisis in the banking sector of the Russian Federation is the fact that allows banking institutions in the Russian Federation to consider free financial resources suitable for carrying out active operations, all funds of individuals and legal entities that are in accounts with banking institutions.
Since the goal of the activities of all banking institutions in the Russian Federation is to maximize profits and achieve the highest efficiency indicators, banking institutions, for the most part, use those financial resources for carrying out active operations that are not intended for this, and which are inappropriate to use.
The inexpediency of using these financial resources is due to the fact that they are not combined with the active operations of banking institutions in terms of terms, currency, but are combined with active operations of banking institutions only in terms of amount. And this circumstance, in turn, can lead to a liquidity crisis in a banking institution.
Banking institutions in the Russian Federation should improve the quality of their attracted resources and not use those financial resources for carrying out their active operations that are not intended for this either by banking legislation or by the expediency of use.
The transformation of short-term financial resources of banking institutions in the Russian Federation, attracted from individuals and legal entities, into long-term financial resources will not make it possible to provide the state economy with the resources it needs, as well as to ensure the demand for financial resources from individuals and legal entities. This is due to the fact that this transformation has its own limitations.
A stable and competent deposit base of banking institutions in the Russian Federation can only be formed by creating a new mechanism or transforming the existing one, which would allow banking institutions in the Russian Federation to attract medium and long-term financial resources.
In order to attract medium-term and long-term financial resources of individuals, commercial banks in the Russian Federation need to:
1) increase maximum amount guaranteeing deposit resources of individuals, as well as include in this system of guaranteeing deposits of the population as many banking institutions as possible operating in the territory of the Russian Federation;
2) improving the quality of deposit services provided by banking institutions in the Russian Federation;
3) increasing the literacy of individuals in the Russian Federation regarding the placement of their financial savings on deposit resources in banking institutions;
4) development and implementation of new pension deposit programs in banking institutions of the Russian Federation.
Increasing the motivation of individuals to invest their financial resources in deposit accounts in banking institutions in the Russian Federation presupposes the development of a set of measures aimed at improving the market for private deposit resources.
This set of measures can be developed at the macro level, which implies:
1) improving the legislative and regulatory framework for regulating deposit operations of banking institutions operating in the Russian Federation;
2) improving monetary policy;
3) improving the organization of deposit operations of banking institutions in the Russian Federation.
This set of measures can be developed at the micro level, which implies:
1) improving the services provided by a banking institution in the Russian Federation;
2) improving the work of the personnel of a banking institution in the Russian Federation;
3) improving the reputation and image of a banking institution in the Russian Federation;
4) development of non-commercial activities of a banking institution in the Russian Federation.
Conclusion
Thus, from the foregoing, it can be concluded that the implementation of the deposit policy is one of the important areas of attracting new depositors to a banking institution in the Russian Federation and the management of the existing deposit portfolio of a banking institution in the Russian Federation. The implementation of the deposit policy increases the efficiency of banking institutions in the Russian Federation in the market of provided banking services.
Bibliography:
1. Solodkov V.M. Certificates of deposit as a way of forming long liabilities / V.M. Solodkov. // Banking. - 2010. - No. 8. - P. 69-71.
2. Tarasov V.I. The relationship of credit policy, deposit and loan interest / V.I. Tarasov // Bulletin of the Association of Belarusian Banks. - 2003. - No. 27. - C. 24-30.
Reviews:
2.05.2017, 10:49 Lyubenkova Elena Petrovna
Review: 1) It is necessary to structure all the stated material in accordance with the stated topic of the article and turn it into a single whole. So far, this is a set of pieces that are poorly interconnected, although the material is quite interesting. 2) The relevance of the presented bibliographic list raises doubts about the dates of publication, which is probably why some of the problems and solutions described in the article are already outdated. More recent publications on this subject should be consulted. The article requires revision. Not recommended for publication.
When raising funds, the right to choose remains with the client, and the bank is forced to wage fierce competition for a depositor, whom it is quite easy to lose. The limited resources associated with the development of banking competition leads to close attachment to certain customers. If the circle of these clients is narrow, then the bank's dependence on them is very high. In terms of passive operations, the choice of the Bank is usually limited to a certain group of clientele, to which it is much more attached than to borrowers. As a result, in the current situation, in order to solve the problem of forming the bank's resource base, it is necessary to intensify work to expand the circle of depositors.
Intensifying competition for customer funds requires modern banks to pay more attention to improving the methods used to manage borrowed resources.
The legal framework establishes the foundations of banking activities to attract resources. In addition to laws, the Bank's activities are regulated by detailed regulations The Bank of Russia, defining the basic requirements for banks.
The activity of attracting resources is significantly influenced by the monetary policy pursued by the Bank of Russia.
Reserve requirements have historically performed the function of securing the obligations of banks to depositors and creditors, which is not so important in the context of the creation of a deposit insurance system. V modern conditions the policy of reserve requirements has a great impact on the volume and structure of attracted resources, and mainly on the cost of attracted resources. Of course, the establishment of required reserves by the Bank of Russia is justified. But for a bank, as you know, reserve requirements mean the need to divert part of the attracted resources to reserve accounts, and, consequently, a reduction in the amount of resources that can be used to carry out profitable active operations.
At present, the Bank of Russia has somewhat softened its reserve requirements. The need for reserve deductions and deductions to the compulsory deposit insurance fund determines the "rise in cost" of attracted resources. A decrease in the required reserves for household deposits would allow banks to offer higher, and, accordingly, more attractive interest rates for clients.
An important method of managing the attracted resources of the bank is the diversification of the attracted resources.
Diversification (from Lat. Diversification - change, variety) of deposits involves the expansion of modifications of deposit services, and in simple terms, an increase in the variety of types of deposits offered by the bank. In recent years, the range of deposit services has significantly expanded and continues to expand, and banks are striving to maximally take into account the needs of various categories of depositors: hence, youth deposits, pension deposits, deposits for VIP clients, etc.).
Other methods of managing the bank's attracted resources are the differentiation of interest rates; tariffication; limiting.
It should be noted that the bank is striving to maximally differentiate interest rates for various deposit services in order, firstly, to satisfy the needs of customers as much as possible, and secondly, to ensure optimal profitability for itself.
For the greatest interest of clients, Sberbank of Russia can offer the payment of interest on placed deposits in advance in order to compensate for inflationary losses. In this case, the depositor, when placing funds for a certain period, immediately receives the income due to him. However, if the agreement is terminated early, the Bank will recalculate the interest on the deposit and the overpaid amounts will be withheld from the deposit amount.
Tariffication as a method of managing attracted resources is associated with the establishment and change of tariffs for certain Banking services... Banking commissions and service charges (account management, etc.) have a tariff basis. The bank sets tariffs for opening, maintaining and servicing accounts separately for individuals and legal entities. Tariffs are set, for example, in relation to the following services in terms of attracted resources of individuals: opening an account (may be free); monthly fee for maintaining a personal account (charged without acceptance); crediting cash to the account (usually free of charge); provision of account statements on all transactions performed.
The main purpose of the application and development of the tariffication method is to improve the quality of service and organize new forms of services, which is ultimately aimed at increasing the total balance of funds on current, settlement and other customer accounts. With the same ultimate goal, limitation is carried out - this is the establishment by the bank of various restrictions (limits).
The portfolio method of managing attracted resources is of particular relevance today. The purpose of this method is to ensure a balance between the attracted and allocated resources in terms of time and interest. Therefore, the Bank needs a competent deposit policy, which is based on maintaining the required level of diversification, ensuring the possibility of attracting funds from other sources and maintaining a balance with assets in terms of maturity, volumes and interest rates. In order to maintain a stable position and dynamic development in the deposit services market, Sberbank of Russia also created a deposit insurance system. This system beneficial for both the Bank and its clients. For customers, the deposit insurance system is attractive from the point of view of the safety of their deposits in the event of a possible bankruptcy of the Bank, which will ensure this bank comparative advantages in comparison with other banks where such a system is absent. This system gives the Bank an additional inflow of temporarily free funds of the population and legal entities into deposits, since will be confident that his contribution is protected in crisis situations. The inflow of funds will accordingly allow the Bank to expand its base for lending to the real sector of the economy. The objects of insurance in the first order (due to lack of funding sources) are deposits of individuals, and in the future, deposits of legal entities.
Sberbank of Russia is included in the register of banks participating in the compulsory deposit insurance system. (Sberbank of Russia was admitted to the deposit insurance system at a meeting of the Banking Supervision Committee of the Bank of Russia on December 29, 2004). Since January 11, 2005, individuals' funds in rubles and foreign currency placed with the bank on the basis of a bank deposit agreement or a bank account agreement, including interest accrued to the deposit amount, are considered insured. It is obvious that the creation of DIS equaled Sberbank with other commercial banks, depriving it of its competitive advantages from the presence of a full state guarantee on all attracted deposits of the population.
Initially, the law provided for two features of its participation: 1) a special account will be opened for Sberbank, which will store the funds transferred to the deposit insurance fund; these funds cannot be used to pay compensation to depositors of other banks; 2) until January 1, 2007, Sberbank depositors continued to have a 100% government guarantee.
However, despite the equalization of rights of Sberbank with other commercial banks, it remains the largest bank countries with the most developed branch network, which the population is accustomed to trust.
One of the options for solving the problem of revitalizing the Bank's activities to attract savings from the population is the creation of a system of guaranteeing bank deposits. Implementation of the system of guaranteeing bank deposits solves the following tasks: protection of small depositors; increase in savings; increased competition in the banking sector.
In turn, the deposit insurance system allows you to solve the following tasks:
Attraction of long-term resources to the banking sector;
Increasing investment activity of credit institutions;
Increased confidence in the banking system, primarily on the part of small depositors;
Enhancing the stability of the banking sector;
Reducing the likelihood of systemic risk.
The organization of a deposit guarantee system makes sense only if the goal is to support individual credit institutions, provided that the entire banking sector functions in a stable manner. When systemic crisis the partial guarantees on which the deposit insurance scheme is based will neither maintain nor reinstate it.
The adoption in December 2003 of the Federal Law No. 177-FZ "On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation" predetermined a change in the near future in the qualitative characteristics of the banking system, among which the following are distinguished:
Increasing its resource base. The transfer of financial resources to the banking system is estimated by economists at 10-20 billion dollars. At the same time, this process at the initial stage will be accompanied by an outflow of funds from the Savings Bank, the interest rates on deposits of which were traditionally lower than the interest rates of private commercial banks.
An increase in the share of deposits equivalent in size to the amount of guarantees (i.e. up to 100 thousand rubles). Accordingly, the strategy of individual creditors with larger amounts will be based on the placement of funds in different credit institutions. Thus, an even distribution of resources among commercial banks will be achieved.
The emergence of alternative deposit operations opportunities for placing funds. At the same time, banks will be interested both in reducing the costs associated with paying insurance premiums and in striving to retain the most profitable customers.
Sberbank of Russia is traditionally the leader in the private deposit market. More than 2.5 trillion rubles are concentrated on his deposits. rubles. But commercial banks are not ready to agree with his primacy and are beginning to actively offer new products, and at a more attractive price than that of the market leader. That is why Sberbank of the Russian Federation needs to improve its deposit policy, taking into account the conditions of products offered by competitors.
It has already been said above that the bulk of the funds raised by Sberbank of Russia are deposits of the population. However, statistics show that the share of bank savings in the total savings of citizens does not exceed 20-30%, which indicates significant opportunities for a significant increase in the passive base by attracting savings from the population. In fact, the competition between banks for depositors' funds today is only in the market for short-term savings of the population and does not affect the means of accumulation. Political and economic instability last decade, citizens' distrust of Russian currency, numerous facts of bankruptcy of large financial companies and banks restrain the involvement of public funds in the economic turnover. As the economic and political situation in the country stabilizes, the possibilities of attracting these funds will increase. Banks that will be able to guarantee the safety of their deposits to their clients and provide a full range of high-quality banking services will have competitive advantages in this market.
The potential of Sberbank of Russia in the market for attracting funds from legal entities is also not exhausted at the moment. The ability to provide comprehensive services to the country's largest enterprises with a developed regional structure throughout the Russian Federation makes it possible to secure the majority of large corporate clients in the Bank, and an extensive network of branches allows meeting the needs for banking services small and medium business.
Considering the above, it can also be assumed that targeted deposits will be beneficial for Sberbank customers, the payment of which will be timed to coincide with the vacation period, birthdays or other holidays.
Their terms are shorter than traditional ones, and the percentage is higher. An example of a targeted contribution can be the so-called New Year and Christmas deposits, i.e. during the year the bank accepts small deposits to celebrate the New Year and Christmas, and at the end of the year the bank gives money to depositors. At the same time, those who wish can continue to accumulate money until the next new year. However, Sberbank of Russia defines an increase in the share of long-term deposits among the priorities of its interest rate policy.
The deposit policy of Sberbank of Russia determines that the deposits offered by the bank will take into account the needs of all social and age groups of citizens - working and pensioners, youth, middle-aged people and will be designed for both low-income strata of the population and people with an average and high income.
Here, for clients with different income levels, the bank could offer fundamentally new financial services, for example, combining deposit products with credit and insurance, develop products aimed at meeting the needs of depositors in housing, large purchases, payment for education, tourism and recreation.
With regard to attracting funds from legal entities, the Bank's policy is very rational, however, the competitive disadvantage of Sberbank today is the low speed of payments in a number of regions, lagging behind in the quality of customer service, and insufficient variety of the product range. Improving the interaction of Sberbank of Russia divisions and the variety of the product range will undoubtedly attract funds from legal entities.
The creation of a personalized service system involves:
Offer the client specially designed individual schemes and technologies that ensure the development and optimization of the client's business, insurance of his risks;
Assigning personal managers with the required level of authority to the client, providing clients with technological and informational capabilities of the Bank, a wide range of consulting services;
Conducting a flexible tariff policy for individual service. In addition, Sberbank of Russia has unique capabilities to simultaneously promote a range of services throughout Russia at lower costs by consolidating the costs of introducing new technologies and conducting advertising campaigns, but, as such, potential investors do not see or hear advertisements for banking products and services of Sberbank of Russia. It follows from this that the bank should develop systemic approaches to advertising policy, which will make it an effective tool for forming a client base. Each competitive advantage of the Bank, each new product offered for sale must be known and understandable to customers, easily comparable, and also favorably differ from competitors' proposals. To speed up and make it easier for customers to obtain the necessary information about deposits with Sberbank, it is advisable to create a telemarketing service - advertising of bank deposits by phone, which will be provided free of charge.
The customer service by phone conducts individual work with clients who are interested in obtaining more detailed information, and with clients who are not satisfied with the standard terms of service. In this case, it is not necessary to be a client of this bank. The information provided by this service should reflect the content of the type of service and the possibility of their purchase.
In the event that the client finds it difficult to state his problems, the telemarketing service specialists will ask leading questions: what means he has, for how long he wants to put money on a deposit, what profit he expects, etc. And then they will recommend the deposit that is most suitable for the client's conditions. If the client decides to leave information about himself in the database information system, then after a while he will be sent by mail not only background information about new banking products and services, but also the forms of the necessary documents.
As a result, telemarketing will allow satisfying the majority of initial calls and thus will help attract new clients to Sberbank.
Thus, Sberbank of Russia, being the market leader in retail services to the population, does not fully use the possibilities of selling packages of complex services to all categories of citizens. Competitive advantages are poorly realized (own settlement system, an extensive network of branches) and in the work of the Bank in the market for servicing legal entities. The lack of a strategy for working with certain groups of clients, the fragmentation of the services provided and the lack of a reasonable balance between the sale of standard types of services and individual service, the lack of flexibility in the tariff policy do not allow effective use of existing opportunities and require an early revision. The volume of services provided does not correspond to the place of the Bank in the country's banking system and should be significantly increased.
Also, in order to improve the deposit policy, Sberbank could offer a number of deposits targeted at high-income clients. For example, a deposit, the peculiarity of which would be that the client's personal data will be known only to one person in the Bank - the manager for work with VIP clients. At the same time, interest can be paid monthly, including on the free of charge issued by the Bank plastic card... Moreover, even when money is deposited into the cashier's office, the identity of the client is not disclosed, which means that the middle and junior staff of the Bank will not know any data about the client and the risk of disclosing information about the deposit is negligible.
Thus, when developing a deposit policy, Sberbank should be guided by certain criteria for its optimization, among which the following can be distinguished:
Interrelation of deposit, lending and other operations of the Bank to maintain its stability, reliability and financial stability;
Diversification of the Bank's resources in order to minimize risk;
Segmentation of the deposit portfolio (by clients);
Differentiated approach to different groups of clients;
Competitiveness of banking products and services.
Attracting funds from private clients and ensuring their safety remain the basis of the business of Sberbank of Russia, PJSC attracts funds in time deposits, demand deposits, including bank cards, savings certificates, bills of exchange and accounts in precious metals. The volume of funds attracted from individuals, including time deposits, demand accounts and bank cards, as well as funds in precious metals, increased by 2.2 trillion in 2015. rub. and by January 1, 2016 exceeded RUB 10.3 trillion. (Table 2).
table 2
The structure of funds of individuals of PJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
The growth rate at the end of the reporting year (27.2%) exceeded the growth rate of individuals' funds at the end of the previous year (4.9%). The main increase was due to time deposits in rubles. The volume of foreign currency deposits also increased in dollar terms. Some of the deposits are open in remote channels.
During 2015, with the general market trend towards a decrease in deposit rates and the existing dynamics of the key rate of the Bank of Russia, Sberbank lowered interest rates on deposits in rubles and foreign currency six times, including savings certificates of individuals. Promotions for ruble-denominated products, maintaining a competitive level of interest rates on foreign currency deposits, as well as new deposits for wealthy clients allowed Sberbank of Russia to retain its market share in term deposits in rubles and significantly increase the share of foreign currency deposits (Table 3).
Table 3
Share of Sberbank of Russia in the Russian retail deposit market
As of January 1, 2016, more than 170 thousand clients have signed up for the Sberbank Premier service package and over 22 thousand VIP clients use the Sberbank First service package.
As part of these packages, customers receive premium debit cards for themselves and their loved ones, PriorityPass cards for access to the business lounges of the world's largest airports, they have the opportunity to take advantage of preferential exchange rates for currencies and precious metals, as well as a discount on payment for using safe deposit boxes. Each package has a special line of deposits with an increased interest rate, as well as increased rates on savings accounts.
PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" separately stands out work with the "Social" segment. The level of protection of the interests of pensioners regarding the safety of their deposits from the encroachments of third parties has been increased. A memo has been developed for employees of departments to protect the savings of pensioners and disabled people from fraudulent actions of third parties. Now, by performing simple actions, branch employees can stop fraudsters, prevent them from using gullibility and trick customers into making debit transactions on accounts. Simplified registration of receiving a pension to accounts in the Bank: an application for the delivery of a pension is automatically printed out when opening an account, which frees up 15 minutes of clients' time and eliminates the time-consuming manual filling of details. Work is underway so that pensioners can draw up documents for the delivery of pensions remotely through their personal account on the Unified Portal of Public Services.
Sberbank of Russia offers various deposit programs. Therefore, every citizen of Russia can use the most convenient program:
· "Save your contribution";
· "Savings certificate";
· "Urgent";
· “Deposit for people of retirement age”.
A large banking institution has developed an original program with about 13 options and conditions for depositors. Moreover, 8 of them are replenished monthly, and 4 programs can offer partial withdrawal of savings. The main amount of deposits allows you to realize the capitalization of rates. As a result, payments on deposits are:
About 2% per annum in euros;
10% in local currency;
3% in dollars.
People of retirement age most often use deposits "Replenish" and "Save". The terms of these deposits are almost identical to those for other categories of people. The only difference is the deposit rate. It depends on the period of validity of the savings funds. To increase your own capital, you can use an online deposit.
The Pension Plus deposit program is very popular with pensioners. According to the terms of this deposit, the profit is accrued in the form of a certain allowance to the pension. In addition, there is the possibility of an additional contribution and partial withdrawal of the accrued interest. The general rate on this deposit is 3.72% per annum.
Lucky Interest is a new contribution for citizens. The total rate on this deposit depends on several factors:
The economic situation in the state;
Inflation rate;
The total amount of banking resources;
Business activity.
Banking offers of deposit programs depend on the listed criteria. In addition, most of these factors are directed at the main position of the Central Bank of Russia.
Sberbank regularly carries out various modernizations in the field of deposits. New programs are emerging for the accumulation and saving of financial resources. Even in spite of the crisis in Russia, depositors manage their savings proceeding from the proposed banking programs. Savings deposits will help:
Withdraw interest income monthly;
Get the most profitable profit;
Place and replenish funds;
Use the most profitable programs for a period of 3 to 6 months;
Withdraw the accumulated money if absolutely necessary.
PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" offers every citizen of the Russian Federation a flexible system of cash deposits. Each person can choose the expiration date for the accumulated funds. For example, a "Top up" term deposit is issued after 3 months. This deposit is valid for several years (3 years).
PJSC Sberbank of Russia offers various deposit programs with optimal deposit rates. The new investment "profitable season" guarantees a good profit of up to 11.7%. The smallest amount for opening a deposit account is at least 1 million rubles. The "Save" deposit provides an excellent opportunity to register a deposit in foreign and domestic currencies. The smallest investments from 110 euros and dollars, 1100 rubles. The ruble deposit is equal to 6.32% -9%, and in euros 0.15% and 1.9%, in dollars 0.25% and 1.8%.
The "Manage" deposit provides an opportunity regular contribution accumulated funds and partial withdrawals. The initial amount for registration of a deposit is from 31,000 rubles and 1050 dollars and euros. The general rate is 5.77% to 7.34% in rubles, 0.3% and 1.6% in euros, 0.7% -2.64% in US currency. General rates on bank deposits not too high. However, customers can increase equity and not worry about the safety of financial savings. Deposit program "Replenish" for people who want to regularly make money savings. The smallest amount for registration of a deposit is 100 euros and dollars, 1100 rubles. General rates on ruble deposits are about 6.85% -8%, dollar deposits 0.8% -2.72%, euros 0.53-1.8%.
A “multicurrency” deposit is issued in several currencies. The smallest amount to replenish the account is 110 dollars or euros and 1100 rubles. There is also the possibility of earning income from changes in the exchange rate. Deposit rates for domestic currency 0.015% -6.7%, dollar 0.01% -2.7%, euro 0.01% -1.6%.
"International" deposit provides for the possibility of using many foreign currencies. As a result, bank client can earn extra money on fluctuations in the exchange rate. General rates for deposit programs are: 0.1% -2.7% francs, 0.3% -2.7% yen, 0.7% -4.5% pounds sterling.
Programs: "Save", "Replenish", "Manage" are presented on the official website of Sberbank of Russia. In addition, the banking institution offers online application for opening a deposit. The conditions for replenishing the account are identical to the rest of the deposits. However, interest rates are slightly different:
"Keep online" 6.45% -9.47% in local currency, 0.25% -2.14% in euros, 0.45% -3% in dollars;
"Top up online" 7% -8.8% for rubles, 0.6% -2% for euro, 1.01% -3% for American currency;
"Drive online" 6.2% -7.6% in ruble currency, 0.57% -1.8% in euros, 1% -2.9% in dollars. According to this information, each person can choose their preferred deposit option. Funds can be invested in any of 3 bank accounts.
Russian citizens can invest funds, both in domestic and foreign currencies, based on their own preferences. American dollars or pounds sterling, euro, yen.
Bank interest depend on the initial deposit and the deposit account. Programs for replenishment in dollars and euros are carried out for all deposit accounts.
For a more detailed analysis, it is necessary to examine deposit accounts:
"Multicurrency deposit";
"Happy year";
"Save";
"Refill".
The most profitable deposit program in local currency is offered by: "Lucky Interest" and "Savings Certificate". These programs assume high stakes for each contributor.