Business in the construction of wooden houses. Business plan: construction of cottages
Construction of houses is a profitable type of business. The demand for real estate is practically not decreasing, in the private sector it is even growing. I want to live as a family in the suburbs, and not in a human anthill.
If small construction company works on stream, business profitability reaches 30 percent. Monthly income excluding taxes will be about 2 million rubles.
In order for an enterprise to make a profit, it is necessary to properly organize the work process.
Real estate market analysis
Before investing in the construction business, study the demand for low-rise housing in the nearest populated areas. This will help you choose the type of activity that brings the most profit:
- Construction of townhouses;
- Construction of private houses for sale;
- Construction of cottages to order.
Based on market analysis, a business plan is drawn up. It is necessary to take into account the advantages and risks of building houses: seasonality, average price, financial opportunities residents of the region.
When starting a business, you shouldn’t spread yourself thin: choose a narrow niche that will quickly lead to a return on your initial capital.
The business of constructing objects for sale is the most profitable and most expensive among all possible ones. But if you organize it correctly, it can provide high and stable income.
First of all, you need to decide what you will build for sale - country houses, cottages, townhouses or apartment buildings. It is believed that one of the most profitable areas is the construction of cottages.
Company registration
In addition to this registration, you need to join a special self-regulatory organization(SRO). Only membership in such an organization allows you to build houses legally.
Land for construction
An excellent investment is to buy land for the construction of a cottage community. After it is landscaped, its price will increase several times. And you can sell cottages along with the land, which will only increase your profits. But purchasing large areas requires large expenses. The idea of buying land for an apartment building looks more budget-friendly. Much less is required and it will pay off much faster.
Also, fewer communications need to be connected to an apartment building, and it is easier to measure the land and survey it. This is why construction companies prefer the idea of building apartment buildings.
A separate question is where exactly to look for land. Again, if we are talking about apartment buildings, then it’s better to start exploring the outskirts of the city. The competition there is significantly lower and no one will stop a newcomer in this business from gaining first experience. But even on the outskirts you need to choose a crowded place in a popular direction. Consider the local landscape - people care what the view from their window will be like.
You can find a suitable plot if you pay for the services of a realtor. Usually such a specialist is aware of what is on the market, at what prices, and will help you find a suitable option. You can also find a plot through special auctions, but this solution requires additional financial costs.
Preparatory work
Before starting construction, it is necessary to conduct a soil analysis in order to know exactly what kind of foundation should be laid for the construction of houses. These services are provided by the geodetic service.
After its conclusion, you need to contact specialists to prepare project documentation. In addition to the house design itself, you will need a lot of related permits, so it is better to contact specialists for this documentation. With this package of documents you need to go to the regulatory authorities for approval.
They issue technical specifications for all necessary communications: water supply, sewerage, electrical networks, etc. These works should also be carried out by specialists of the relevant profile.
Construction
Now it’s worth looking for people who will carry out the actual construction. Hiring a construction company is unprofitable - it will take the bulk of the income. A hired crew will cost less. True, in this case you will have to frequently visit the construction site and monitor the progress of work. Also pay attention to the fact that each builder has a work permit and registration, otherwise you will face serious fines.
In addition to the construction team, it is necessary to hire accountants, lawyers, programmers, designers, planners, etc. True, since their services are not constantly needed, you can hire them for project work or outsource these services.
Equipment and technology
To organize the construction of houses, you must have the following equipment:
- Lighting: xenon lamps with white light.
- For facing works: scaffolding, scaffolding, formwork.
- For working with mortars: plastering stations, pneumatic pumps, mixers, concrete mixers and other equipment.
- Heavy construction: drilling rigs, tractors, bulldozers, etc.
At first, you can rent it, but preferably with the right to buy it if you plan to conduct business on more than one project. Heavy equipment is almost always leased because it is quite expensive. It is also worth gradually purchasing equipment for repairs if you plan to sell houses with ready-made repairs.
Construction Materials
Building materials for houses depend on what type of housing you decide to build your business on. For multi-storey buildings, panels are used that allow the building frame to be quickly erected. But they require additional insulation.
Brick is considered the highest quality, but also the most expensive material. The costs of such construction are high, sales prices are also significantly higher than panel houses, but there is a very high demand for such houses.
Cottages are built using frame technologies. They are relatively inexpensive, the cost of houses is low, but the demand is consistently high. That is why it is believed that the construction of cottage communities is a very profitable business.
To reduce the cost of building materials, you need to contact suppliers directly. This will allow you to save about 20% of the money allocated for the purchase of raw materials. But you should never skimp on quality.
Expenses and income
It is easy to guess that the business will require significant investments at each stage of work: purchase of land, preparation of project documentation, work of contractors, building materials, Finishing work And so on.
The total cost of work, as well as the cost per square meter, varies greatly depending on the region of Russia. For example, if you are building your business in the middle zone, then for square meter you can set prices at 20 thousand rubles, whereas in major cities– up to 40 thousand rubles. On average, having invested 2 million rubles in a project, you can sell it for 3 million rubles.
How quickly the business will pay off depends on the class of your construction. Economy-class housing sells faster, but the income from it is ultimately lower than from luxury housing.
- Features of a wooden house
- Recruitment
Features of a wooden house
Over a long period of time, there has been an increase in demand for houses built from wood. Today, more than 40% of all houses under construction in the Russian Federation are located in wooden houses. And there is an explanation for this. Firstly, wood is an environmentally friendly natural material that provides a person with a comfortable living environment. A house made of wood has increased air exchange, so a person’s well-being in such a house is much better. Secondly, a wooden house is something closer to man by nature. Own Vacation home made of wood allows a person to escape further from the bustle of the city and become closer to nature. Thirdly, building a small wooden house does not require large expenses. Wooden house measuring 6 by 9 m, ready to move in, it will cost only 600 thousand rubles. Thanks to these three factors, the demand for wooden houses is only increasing every year.
And if previously the demand for wooden houses was restrained by the idea that such a house is difficult to manufacture, shrinks and becomes deformed after construction, then modern technologies available today in construction make it possible to avoid these negative aspects.
Types of wooden houses and their characteristics
- Frame wooden houses;
- Houses made of rounded logs;
- Wooden houses made of profiled laminated timber;
- Hand-built log houses.
Wooden frame houses, as a rule, are the cheapest and at the same time quite warm, but they are inferior to houses made of logs and timber in terms of comfort and environmental friendliness due to the presence of synthetic materials in the walls.
Houses made of rounded logs are usually 10-15% more expensive than frame houses and have all the advantages of wood as an environmentally friendly building material. At the same time, the most labor-intensive processes associated with the construction of a log house are transferred from the construction site to production. And the installation technology itself is determined at the stage of designing the house. In Europe, houses built from rounded logs are considered the most prestigious.
Houses built from timber are relatively inexpensive and can be built quickly. But they have one drawback - the lack of a thermal lock. Because of this, it is very difficult to insulate such a house and the ventilation coefficient for such a house will be higher than for a house built from logs. Therefore, in order to reduce heat loss, additional insulation is used using eurolining, siding or other material. Despite this, a house made of timber has proven itself very well in our climate. After all, wood itself has very low thermal conductivity. A wooden wall of 20 centimeters is equivalent in terms of heat conservation to a brick wall, 1.05 meters thick.
The cost of a wooden house built from laminated veneer lumber will cost the client from 20,000 rubles/m3, from profiled timber - from 11,000 rubles/m3, from rounded logs - from 6,000 rubles/m3.
Today, the success of a construction company depends not only on the quality of the house built, but on the range of construction services that the company provides to the client. For example, some clients do not want to bother themselves with such difficult issues as finding a site for construction, engineering systems, landscaping, etc. It is easier for such people to buy a turnkey property that is immediately ready for occupancy. In this regard, some construction companies are developing the development side of the business by building entire public villages from wooden houses.
But this is rather a question for the future, since for start-up companies the issues of registering activities, finding personnel, equipment, raw materials and supplies for construction, and, well, the customers themselves are more important.
Step-by-step plan for starting a business
In addition to registering a company (LLC), in order to provide construction services “by law,” you must become a member of a self-regulatory organization (SRO) by submitting a relatively small package of documents. So called construction licenses are issued on the basis of a decision of the SRO commission after making contributions to compensation fund and completing the necessary formalities. As practice shows, a construction license can be obtained fairly quickly, but it is worth considering that the SRO will exercise certain control over the progress of construction and installation work and the timing of the commissioning of the facility. The validity period of the license is 5 years. In total, the cost of obtaining a license usually amounts to about 50 thousand rubles.
An additional cost item will be the purchase of construction tools. This may require up to 300 - 350 thousand rubles, depending on the price category of the tool and the type of work (sawing, drilling, grinding, etc.). Basic tools include saws, drills, screwdrivers, jigsaws, staplers, grinders, and hammers.
It is also important to work out the issue of the supply of raw materials for construction. Competition in the market for the construction of wooden houses is growing every year. And if previously firms fought for clients, now it is more difficult to find raw materials (timber) for building a house.
You have to look for suppliers of wood materials via the Internet or at specialized exhibitions. Therefore, a significant part of the construction companies organized today once began with timber processing and supply of lumber from leased forest plots. Due to its own raw materials, the company has a competitive advantage, both in terms of order fulfillment and in its cost. In order to obtain your own database of timber materials, you need to win a bid to lease a forestry plot in your region.
How much money do you need to open a construction company?
The total investment, taking into account registration of activities, obtaining a construction license, purchase of tools and equipment and other organizational costs, will range from 500 to 600 thousand rubles.
Recruitment
None of the construction companies will be successful if they do not have experienced specialists on their staff. A reputable construction organization needs designers, architects and customer service managers. To train company employees, you can attract experienced construction specialists who will conduct training (master classes) for your teams directly at sites under construction. Investing in worker training will allow your company to build wooden houses of any level, of any complexity and not miss a single client.
Today big role in the search for customers for the construction of wooden houses is allocated world wide web. Having your own high-quality website for a construction company is a great help in the fight for a client. According to some Moscow companies, they receive 9 out of 10 orders via the Internet, by going to their website through contextual advertising. Moreover, orders come from all over the country, and not just from the capital region.
The profitability of constructing wooden houses, according to various estimates, ranges from 30 to 40%. At the same time, starting in this business is really simple. It's another thing to hold on. To do this, you need to intelligently and constantly invest in the development of the organization, which some small construction firms do not take into account and ultimately “burn out.”
How much can you earn by building wooden houses?
According to statistics, in Russia there is an increase in construction volumes of 5%. But still, these indicators do not cover the need. That is why the construction of wooden houses has a high profitability, which is 40% - 90%. For example, in construction frame houses you can get from 5 thousand rubles. per sq. m. The profitability of erecting wooden structures depends on:
- Wood used: quality, grade;
- Log sizes;
- Cost of materials;
- Total area of the building.
The profit margin in the construction of buildings increases from the number of houses commissioned and their size. The initial investment pays off in 2-3 months.
Which OKVED to choose when registering a business?
- 30.2 - production of prefabricated wooden structures for any purpose.
- 25.3 - laying concrete formwork and other concrete work.
- 42 - installation of wooden structures of non-own production.
What documents are needed for registration
Depending on whether investors are attracted, business registration is carried out. Using equity At the start, it is enough to organize an individual entrepreneur. If large sum It will be advisable to borrow from the outside to open an LLC. It is worth noting that it is LLC that issues licenses for the construction of high-rise buildings with more than three storeys. Documents for opening an individual entrepreneur:
- An application in the proper form;
- Photocopy of passport, birth certificate;
- Receipt for payment of state duty.
Which tax system to choose
Most the best option for individual entrepreneurs the simplified tax system will be used at 6%.
Do you need a permit to open a business?
To build low-rise buildings (up to 3 floors), there is no need to register for SRO membership and purchase a license. The business of building wooden houses does not require additional permits.
The problem of housing construction is still acute in our country. The demand for comfortable individual housing remains consistently high even in conditions unstable economy and falling living standards of the population. This business plan for the construction of frame houses will help entrepreneurs open a socially significant business that will help in solving the most important problem.
General concept of the project
The construction of frame houses is one of the most profitable and promising areas in the development of low-rise construction. The variety of designs and designs of these structures, low costs of construction and finishing, simplicity of technology and the absence of the need to use bulky equipment create attractive conditions for starting such a business.
IN frame construction There are two main technologies:
- Using the floor as a base (platform) for the construction of vertical building elements;
- The use of a post-beam system, in which all frame construction the future house is a complex of interconnected beams and posts.
Both of these technologies allow, by increasing the length of vertical and horizontal elements, to flexibly adjust the area of buildings and their number of storeys. After the frame is erected, it is subjected to double-sided cladding. As a rule, it is made from plasterboard or wood from the inside, and from moisture- and windproof materials from the outside. There is insulation between the facing layers.
The advantage of frame construction is also the possibility of combining it with panel construction, when the panel with strapping is fixed to the frame, sheathed on both sides, between which insulation is laid. Investments in the construction of such houses are small, so they are becoming increasingly popular in Russia. When using high-quality materials and proper care of the house, its guaranteed service life is at least 50 years. Compared to a brick house, the costs of constructing a frame house are approximately 25-30% lower. In addition, there is no need to use expensive specialized equipment and machinery - such a house can be built by a small team of builders in just a few weeks, and at any time of the year, because the technology does not have so-called “wet” processes.
Our example considers the use of the “DKR” technology, developed by experienced practitioners in the field of construction of frame structures. They celebrate high profitability construction of houses using this technology, which confirms our business plan for the construction of frame houses with calculations.
Market analysis
World experience clearly demonstrates the obvious turn in individual construction towards wooden buildings. Such housing is currently perceived not only as the most comfortable and environmentally friendly, but also as prestigious.
In our country, the share of wooden frame house construction still remains very small, although it is constantly growing. last years. The Russian market potential is assessed by world experts as one of the most promising due to the fact that our country has 25% of the world's timber reserves, relatively cheap labor and modern technologies in this industry.
As experts say, the fact that today many developers choose houses made of brick and stone is due to the Soviet legacy, when almost any individual housing construction was not held in high esteem. This directly affected the quality of wooden houses and the very demand for wood as an effective building material.
Currently, the wood frame house construction industry is growing steadily. Thus, over the past 20 years, its volumes have increased 6-7 times. According to official statistics from Research.Techart, approximately 7 million square meters are built in the country every year. m of wooden houses. And this growth is facilitated by lower prices.
According to regional statistics, wooden houses are most widespread in the Siberian, Northwestern, Ural and Far Eastern federal districts. In the North-West region there is an increasing transition to innovative technologies of frame house construction. There is also a trend such as a heterogeneous distribution of house types by area between regions. In the regions, small buildings are more in demand.
Frame houses on the market are positioned as the cheapest and most affordable type of housing. This is partly due to the spread of SIP technology, as the most promising for our conditions.
There are also some limiting barriers to the further development of the industry. First of all, we're talking about about the difficulty of instantly increasing construction volumes. In the medium term until 2020, the annual growth in wooden frame housing construction will increase by approximately 10-12%, and by individual regions– by 20-25%. Thanks to this, Research.Techart’s forecast envisages achieving a market volume of 30 million square meters by 2020. m.
The market for frame houses in the country remains very large. This is due to the low cost of materials and the still modest level of use of wood as a building material. Abroad, the indicator of its demand is 10 times higher than in Russia.
In the near future, according to experts, frame-panel technology will become the most popular, accounting for 64% of the total volume of wooden house construction.
Licensing of activities
To carry out work on the construction of low-rise frame houses, obtaining a license is not required. The founder registers his business as individual entrepreneur and operates under a simplified taxation system (6% of profit). This choice determines the high profitability of construction and significantly reduces financial and administrative costs.
Recruitment
For the construction of frame buildings, at the initial stage of the project, specialists are attracted who will work under a contract. The brigade includes:
- Project manager (responsibilities are performed by the founder, combining with the functions of a manager).
- Foreman
- Specialists in the construction of foundations, assembly of wall frames, installation of hydro- and vapor barriers, water supply and sewerage systems.
- Finishers.
Accounting services are outsourced.
It is not planned to select premises for an office at the initial stage of development of a business project.
Labor costs (data calculated for one home):
Name of specialty | Payment for the contract | Number of specialists involved | Total (in rub.) |
Foreman | 50 000 | 1 | 50 000 |
Foundation construction specialists | 35 000 | 2 | 70 000 |
Specialists in assembling wall frames | 35 000 | 2 | 70 000 |
Specialists in the installation of hydro-, vapor barriers, water supply and sewerage systems | 35 000 | 2 | 70 000 |
Finishers | 30 000 | 2 | 60 000 |
Total | 9 | 320 000 |
Marketing and advertising
To promote services for the construction of turnkey frame houses, the following activities are planned:
- Creating your own business card website with the ability to order a house project and a gallery of completed works.
- Organizing advertising messages in local newspapers, magazines, television and radio.
- Working on social networks.
- Placing banners on elements of urban transport infrastructure.
The main marketing resource of the enterprise is the high quality of construction services provided and a flexible pricing policy.
Financial plan
Estimate for the construction of a frame house
The cost of building one house with an area of 175 square meters. m using the "DKR" technology and the main stages of construction are presented in detail in the following tables.
1st stage. Purchase and cost of materials for the foundation:
Costs for purchasing materials | Quantity | price, rub. | Amount of expenses, rub. | ||
Gravel screening | 21 cu. m | 1 600 | 33 600 | ||
Formwork (boards) | 1.5 cu. m | 6 500 | 9 750 | ||
Screening for heel, slab and blind area | 77 cu. m | 720 | 55 440 | ||
Reinforcement (metal 14 mm) | 650 linear m | 47 | 30 550 | ||
Reinforcement (metal 8 mm) | 220 linear m | 20 | 4 400 | ||
Road mesh 2x6 for slabs and blind areas | 16 cards | 1 700 | 27 200 | ||
Cement | 5 bags | 270 | 1 350 | ||
FBS blocks | 12 cu. m | 4 500 | 54 000 | ||
Eps insulation | 12 cu. m | 3 700 | 44 400 | ||
Geotextile | 150 sq. m | 30 | 4 500 | ||
Waterproofing film | 150 sq. m | 27 | 4 050 | ||
Concrete V-25 (for heel, slab and blind area) | 17 cu. m | 14 400 | 134 400 | ||
Consumables (bolts, nails, screws, etc.) | – | – | 10 000 | ||
Mortgages | – | – | 6 000 | ||
Rent a car construction crane | 2 shifts | 12 000 | 24 000 | ||
Transportation costs for delivery of materials | – | – | 18 000 | ||
Total | 461640 |
2nd stage. Work on the construction of the platform (foundation):
Types of jobs | Quantity | Unit change | price, rub. | Amount of expenses, rub. | |
Setting out axes, development and leveling of soil | 47,5 | cube m | 600 | 28 500 | |
Sand cushion filling | 69 | cube m | 250 | 17 250 | |
Construction of communication trenches | 3 | PC. | 750 | 2 250 | |
Construction of a local drainage system | 25 | points | 230 | 5 750 | |
Sand cushion filling | 3 | cube m | 550 | 1 650 | |
Tamping the foundation base | 69 | cube m | 300 | 20 700 | |
Reinforcement and filling of the foundation heel | 40,5 | cube m | 2 400 | 37 800 | |
Installation of foundation blocks | 13 | sq. m | 1 200 | 15 600 | |
Pouring foundation walls | 12 | cube m | 1 650 | 19 800 | |
Insulation of all structural elements of the foundation | 214 | sq. m | 170 | 36 380 | |
Reinforcement of the foundation blind area | 55 | sq. m | 200 | 11 000 | |
Laying horizontal two-layer waterproofing | 115 | sq. m | 20 | 2 300 | |
Reinforcement and pouring of slabs and blind areas for the foundation | 285 | sq. m | 650 | 59 750 | |
Loading and unloading costs | – | – | – | 5 000 | |
Sewage installation | – | – | 5 000 | – | |
Arrangement of stairs and technical underground | – | pcs./sq. m | 15 200 | – | |
Construction of a parking lot | – | sq. m | 750 | – | |
Total | 262 830 |
Thus, the cost of materials and work for the construction of the foundation will be 724,470 rubles.
3rd stage. Construction power frame:
Name of type of work | Quantity | Unit change | price, rub. | Amount of expenses, rub. | |
Manufacturing and installation of panels | 656 | sq. m | 500 | 164 000 | |
Treatment of structures with antiseptic | 44 | cube m | 1 300 | 57 200 | |
Production of wall elements | 29 | cube m | 1 200 | 34 800 | |
Installation of rafters | 229 | sq. m | 900 | 206 100 | |
Installation of 1st floor ceilings | 89,5 | sq. m | 390 | 34 905 | |
Installation of sheathing and moisture-resistant plywood | 458 | sq. m | 500 | 114 500 | |
Roof installation | 229 | sq. m | 350 | 80 150 | |
Arrangement of steam and waterproofing | 229 | sq. m | 120 | 27 480 | |
Installation of gutters | 44 | m linear | 250 | 11 000 | |
Arrangement of supporting structures | 6 | PC. | 1 500 | 9 000 | |
Payment for loading and unloading operations | – | – | – | 20 000 | |
Total | 759 135 |
Cost estimate for the purchase of materials for the construction of the power frame of the house:
Types of materials | Unit change | Quantity | price, rub. | Amount of expenses, rub. |
Antiseptic solutions and coatings | liter | 30 | 200 | 6 000 |
Asbestos pipes | m p. | 25 | 400 | 10 000 |
Materials for arranging vapor and waterproofing | sq. m | 1100 | 20 | 22 000 |
Materials for arranging a drainage system | m p. | 44 | 2 000 | 88 000 |
Boards | cube m | 60 | 23 000 | 690 000 |
Insulation materials | cube m | 80 | 1 500 | 120 000 |
Plywood | cube m | 5,5 | 18 000 | 99 000 |
Materials for roofing | sq. m | 236 | 500 | 118 000 |
Windows included | comp. | – | – | 170 000 |
Entrance door | PC. | 1 | 15 000 | 15 000 |
Softboard | sq. m | 406 | 230 | 93 380 |
Consumables | – | – | – | 50 000 |
Payment for materials delivery services | – | – | – | 25 000 |
Total | 1 161 380 |
The total cost of materials and work for the construction of the power frame of the house is 1,920,515 rubles.
4th stage. Arrangement of the thermal circuit:
Types of jobs | Quantity | Unit change | price, rub. | Amount of expenses, rub. | |
Insulation of floors | 89,5 | sq. m | 150 | 13 425 | |
Wall cladding | 203 | sq. m | 130 | 26 390 | |
Arrangement of vapor barrier | 384 | sq. m | 120 | 46 080 | |
Installation of wall insulation | 328 | sq. m | 150 | 49 200 | |
Installation of window kits | 17 | PC. | 1500 | 25 500 | |
Installation of roof insulation | 180 | sq. m | 350 | 63 000 | |
Installation of external doors | – | 1 | – | 3 000 | |
Total | 226 595 |
Thus, the total cost of constructing a frame house using the DKR technology will be 2,871,580 rubles. Such a house will have excellent thermal insulation characteristics. It keeps the coolness perfectly summer period and warm in winter.
Project payback
The payback period of a project depends on a number of factors, the main ones being regional and seasonal. Average sale price frame system houses built using the DKR technology is 3.5 million rubles.
We take into account the following factors:
- Construction is expected to be carried out from April to October using a stage-by-stage conveyor method (the transfer of specialists from one type of work at one site to another).
- The average turnkey construction time for a frame house is about 2 months.
During the season it is planned to build 8 houses. At this rate of construction, the total revenue will be 28 million rubles, and the total costs will be 22,972,640 rubles. Thus, gross profit for the project without taking into account the costs of paying specialists and taxes will be 5,027,360 rubles.
The salary fund for specialists for the season is 2,560,000 rubles. The amount of taxes paid for the season is 301,641.6 rubles.
Taking into account these expenses, the value net profit according to the project for the season will be 2,165,718.4 rubles.
Potential Risks
There is high competition in this area of business, which will only increase in the coming years. This factor is the main type of risk that may accompany the implementation of a business project. At its initial stage, minimization is achieved by choosing the narrowest specialization in construction and pursuing an active marketing policy.
The risks associated with the low qualifications and labor discipline of the specialists involved in the work are high. They are leveled out at the preparatory stage by conducting a competitive selection of employees based on recommendations.
The seasonal factor is most noticeable during periods when construction is impossible due to weather and climatic conditions, therefore it is closely related to the regional location of objects.
In general, the construction of frame houses and structures is a type of activity with an overall average level of potential risks that are eliminated through the competence and diligence of the founder.
Eventually
The calculations presented in this business plan clearly show that the construction of frame houses is profitable and promising direction activities. The profitability of construction of such structures is estimated at 30-40%. With a competent approach to organizing the business, the founder will be able in the future to move on to creating his own company, specializing in fulfilling orders for the construction of entire villages.
Today, the construction of comfortable houses has become the norm. It’s no longer easy to build one-story houses, but two- or three-story cottages with all the amenities of home.
The most important thing is to correctly plan the entire process, think through a business plan for building a private house, and only then begin the construction itself step by step.
Preparatory stage of construction
A business plan begins with preparatory work. A site for construction is selected, which can be purchased as a private property or rented from municipal authorities. The self-government body for the land cadastre determines the terms of land lease, draws up an act on the selection of a land plot, a draft of its boundaries, and then enters into a land lease agreement or transfers ownership of this plot. If there are still contenders for land plot, then a bidding or auction is held.
Conducted geodetic work by measuring lengths, slopes of the site, geological analysis of the soil of the future site for building a house. This must be done, otherwise cracks may subsequently appear in the constructed house if there is an underground stream or some other anomalies. Soil analysis determines the type of foundation for future construction.
The future owner determines what his house should be like: how many rooms, what their area is, the height of the ceilings, windows, what amenities, etc. Then a project, a plan for building a house, drawings, and estimates are drawn up. Of course you can take standard project, based on it, execute a business plan, but it will definitely have to be tied to the area, so a lot will need to be redone.
It is advisable to entrust the work on this project to an experienced architect who will carry out his work professionally. Then there should be no problems during the construction itself and unforeseen large unforeseen expenses will not arise.
The design and construction of private houses is in no way regulated by law if the house is a single-family house and its construction is not higher than 3 floors. Therefore, any person who is at least a little familiar with the basics of design can make a business plan for their future home. This may be enough to obtain permission to build a private house.
Building a house yourself, having gone through all stages of construction, will be 30-40% cheaper than buying it ready-made. However, you will have to learn a lot. Without a project, having just a plan, you can build a dwelling, but it will be a small, rather summer dacha option, without a set of city communications.
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Construction works
The business plan includes calculation of the necessary communications. Water supply and sewerage communications are carried out, pipes and cables are laid.
After this, the foundation is laid. The most reliable foundation for construction is monolithic slab. It can be installed on any soil, but the cost of this foundation is very high.
Strip foundation suitable for the construction of wooden, brick, frame houses on any soil, except swampy areas. The strip foundation is durable and reliable. The cost of this foundation is cheaper than a slab, but more expensive than piles.
Most in demand pile foundation necessary for the construction of frame houses and timber houses.
The business plan implies, after the foundation work, the construction of the building itself begins; this could be the installation of structures, the assembly of a log house, or the laying of bricks. This stage is the most important, at the same time the shortest. Now with modern technologies you can assemble a house in 3-7 days, all this can resemble the assembly of a regular construction set. Brick laying, of course, will take longer.
Modern construction of private houses is varied. These are frame houses, buildings made of brick, timber, foam concrete, aerated concrete.
As the business plan shows, finishing work (interior and exterior) of a built private house always takes up approximately 50% of the time and financial investments.
Exterior work includes wall insulation, finishing with decorative plaster, clapboard, siding or other finishing materials.
Internal work begins with wiring communications, screeding, and then plastering the walls, installing appliances, equipment, and finishing.
To complete the construction, a blind area is made, the area is landscaped, entrance gates and a fence are installed, if there were none.
Of course, all these stages of the business plan are conditional and it is necessary to draw up a separate plan for preparatory work and construction for each house, taking into account all the factors in each specific case.
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Modern houses
A business plan can be calculated when building a house from different modern materials at will, according to possibilities.
Houses made from sandwich panels are quickly erected, and their service life is more than a hundred years. Buildings made of this material can withstand temperature changes from -50 to +50, hurricane winds, snow loads, earthquakes up to 8 points. Sandwich panels are universal building material, which can replace brick, wood, concrete.
Walls made of sandwich panels retain heat more effectively than houses made of bricks. They are stable and durable. If desired, these buildings can be insulated, sound and vapor barriers installed, and protection from external influences.
Buildings made from timber are easy to construct, but they are colder than buildings made from logs. Therefore, they must be sheathed on the outside with clapboard and siding, laying insulation between the covering and the wall.
Frame construction technologies make it possible to quickly erect a building with a stable foundation. These houses have high thermal conductivity and are affordable.
A metal frame structure is assembled from ready-made elements; therefore, the construction process from these structures is much faster. Such a construction will be quite short in terms of construction itself, and the finishing work, as usual, can drag on for a long time, but the right business plan and adherence to it can lead to the rapid construction of a home and the rapid entry into your own home.
People with average incomes can afford to build frame houses; this is a good ratio of quality and price. It is also an investment in a significant business in the future.
Houses made of foam blocks are durable, retain heat well, are fireproof, waterproof, and soundproofed. Such houses are quickly erected; 1 foam concrete can replace wall masonry of 15 bricks. For the construction of a private house, in addition to foam concrete, aerated concrete can also be used. This material is durable, non-flammable, not subject to corrosion, rotting, and energy efficient.
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