Do-it-yourself frame house construction technology. Complete technology of building a frame house with your own hands from choosing a frame to exterior decoration
Building frame houses came to us from abroad. These easily erected structures are the basis for the construction of country houses and cottages in Scandinavia and a number of European countries. The basis of construction technology is assembled frames made of wood or metal profiles; mineral wool, basalt insulation are used for insulation. The wall takes on a finished look after it is covered with various slabs, for example, DSP. The final coating is already applied to these boards.
Which frame to choose - metal or wooden?
As a material for the frame, a new dried timber of various sections, made of coniferous species, is used.
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Undoubtedly, wood has a number of properties that give it advantages over stone and metal - this is the ability to breathe, and much more. But at the same time, wood has drawbacks, without appropriate processing it tends to the appearance of fungus or mold, in addition, if a number of conditions are observed, the possibility of strains of harmful microorganisms arises.
All of these factors lead to the fact that some developers give preference to frame structures made of metal. The metal profile is zinc-plated, which can guarantee long-term corrosion protection. In addition, the necessary perforation has already been prepared on the metal profile for frame housing construction.
The difference between frame housing construction and environmental friendliness. Only natural wood and the possibility of using natural insulation.
In addition, a frame house is possible, without the help of a large team.
Now it is believed that a frame-panel house can only be a country house. However, the experience of many European countries, for example, Swedish or german technology, tell us about the successful possibility of using a frame house in winter and summer for. Reviews also confirm this.
So, let's start building a house with step-by-step, step-by-step instructions. We hope they can help you.
Preparatory work
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Buying a frame house is not a big deal, it is enough to contact a specialized company for the sale of such products or, having developed a project yourself, build your own home. The order of construction work can be displayed in the following list:
- Research;
- Design;
- Foundation construction;
- Erection of a box, roof;
- Thermal insulation, finishing works and arrangement of engineering systems.
In the first two stages, the possibility of building a house in this place is being investigated. If possible, the type of foundation and its design are determined. As a result of these works, a specification and estimate appears, which contains a list of materials and tools, their estimated cost. Before starting all these preparatory work, the developer must draw up a technical assignment for the future house.
Laying a columnar base of the foundation
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Depending on the condition of the soil and the mass of the future house, the developer determines the type of foundation. Practice shows that any type can be used as a foundation - a foundation on screw piles, or columnar. During construction columnar foundation it is necessary to have on hand at least an approximate drawing of the location of the walls.
The essence of this foundation lies in the fact that the pillars will be placed in the corners of the building and in places of maximum load on the structure. For a foundation of this type, concrete and brick are used.
Before starting work, it is necessary to mark the location of the pillars.
After it has been carried out and the quality has been checked, you can start making the pillars themselves. For this, you can use a separate formwork, or you can arrange their production directly on the site.
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The first step is to make a support for the post, it is called a shoe. Look at the photo, it shows a pile with a shoe schematically. Its dimensions are up to 30 cm in height and 25–30 cm in cross section. Its structure includes a reinforcing mesh, which is located parallel to the earth's surface, several vertical reinforcing bars can be installed - they will be the basis for the column. After the shoe hardens, you can make the main part of the foundation pillar. To do this, you can either use a pipe cut or build a wooden formwork. The height of the entire structure is equal to the sum of two terms - the depth of the pit (freezing height) and the value of the column exit above the ground (from 100 mm).
As a material, some specialists use traditional concrete of the M300 brands, while others use sand concrete. In fact, the type of concrete used must be determined at the stage of calculations. The main thing is to remember that the material for making the shoe and the base must be the same. For further work, it is necessary to let the finished parts dry. This process will take at least 7 days, but if you use bricks or cinder blocks, the drying process is accelerated by several days.
After the pillars are ready, you can start installing them. To do this, you need a hole drill, which will allow you to dig a hole under the post. The pit must be larger than the shoe. The installation of the pillars is carried out in strict accordance with the marking of the foundation. The poles are installed at a distance of 1–2 m from each other in places of greatest load, for example, under a heating boiler. After installing the pillars, the space between them and the walls of the pit can be covered with rubble, sand.
Erection of the frame of the walls
Rostwerk - platform for home
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Completion of the foundation construction allows starting work on the construction of the main supporting structures. The basis of the walls and everything else in the frame house is the grillage. This is a wooden or metal structure that is laid on foundation pillars protruding from the ground. On its contour, the grillage repeats the outlines of the future house. When laying it, it is imperative to use measuring instruments that allow you to control its horizontality. The dimensions of the timber or metal profile are determined by the weight of the building structure being erected.
Erection of a wall frame
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After installing the grillage, you can start installing the wall frame. To do this, you can use a bar with a cross-sectional size of 150x50 and more. The timber should be made of coniferous trees and dried to a state of 12-18% moisture. In addition, it must be remembered that all wooden structures must be treated with protective agents against mold, mildew and the effects of fire.
The wall frame can be assembled side by side on a flat piece of land; when assembling the frame, it is necessary to immediately prepare window and door openings. The finished frame of one wall can be installed on the grillage and secured with jibs. As with all assembly operations, builders must use a measuring tool to install the wall frames in a strict plane orientation.
Installation of the roof of the house
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The creation of a roof is one of the most important moments in the construction of a house for frame technology... Errors arising during its construction lead to deformation of the roof, violation of the thermal insulation mode. As a result, its destruction may occur. The ceiling slab is responsible for the solution of several tasks, namely:
- Hanging a ceiling covering on it;
- Retention of insulation.
If the developer provides for the presence of a second floor or, then the ceiling should be reinforced. Depending on the load that the ceiling will take on, the size of the section of the ceiling beam is selected. For example, if the useful and non-residential load is 147 kg per square centimeter, then it is necessary to use beams with a section of 150 * 50 m with a pitch of 400 mm between them.
The process of installing logs and rafters to them does not differ from such a process carried out during the construction of a traditional house.
That is, after marking, the logs are nailed to the upper bar of the wall frame in a vertical position.
In order to fix the lag, it is enough to use three nails, two are driven in on one side, and one on the other, at both ends.
Rafters can be assembled on a flat area construction site and after assembling and checking its correctness, lift it up. The assembly of the roof begins with one of the facades, the use of a construction plumb line is mandatory. Having exposed the first rafter, it is necessary to fix it with jibs, and after installing the second, it is advisable to tie the installed structures. In addition to the fact that the rafters are connected to each other, to increase the strength of the structure, it makes sense to connect the rafter and the log using a vertically lowered board. This is how the rafters are installed sequentially.
The installation of the lathing also does not differ from such an operation carried out when erecting a roof on an ordinary house. The installation of hydro and thermal insulation is carried out in accordance with the instructions attached to this product. Both artificial and natural materials are used as heat-insulating materials. To reduce the weight of the structure, it is advisable to use foam, which is produced in sheets of different thicknesses.
Another positive property of a frame house can be called the fact that all finishing work can be carried out without waiting for its shrinkage. They can be started immediately after they are in the openings, and the wall frame itself is sheathed with slabs. Then the developer can start decorating the walls from the inside and outside.
Interior work in the house
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The material that is used for cladding walls from the inside, and this can be DSP or its analogs, allows you to apply almost any finishing material- wallpapers, tiles and others. It all depends on the choice of the developer and the interior design of the future premises.
Outdoor work
With the work on finishing the house outside, the situation is somewhat more complicated. Depending on the climatic zone in which the frame house is built, additional insulation may be required. For these works, you will need a heater, a waterproofing film, as well as a wooden beam or a galvanized metal profile to create a lathing. To insulate the walls, a crate is installed on them, made of a wooden bar or a metal profile.
The dimensions of the lathing must correspond to the dimensions of the insulation that will be laid in it. Some experts recommend laying a layer of waterproofing film on top of the insulation. If the task is to create a ventilated facade, then it is necessary to fix smaller beams on the vertical beams of the installed crate, and siding will already be attached to them. The formed space will serve for natural ventilation and prevent excess moisture from accumulating.
How much does it cost to build a house
The experience of building a frame house by those who rely only on their own strengths shows that the entire cycle of work from the construction of the foundation to the start of finishing with the correct organization of labor, the absence of interruptions in materials and the presence of one or two assistants, can be three to four months.
Building a house with your own hands is also beneficial from an economic point of view. Buying finished structure, the developer pays for the project, Construction Materials, in addition, the labor of builders and installers is paid, by the way, who will build a house at about the same time. The project price ranges from 5-50,000 rubles. If you buy finished project at home, it will cost about 15,000 rubles, and if you order individual project at the architect's house, it will cost 30,000 - 50,000 rubles. Now many architectural workshops work remotely, so even being in Biysk they will be able to design a project of a dream house for you. In other words, at a cost finished house and work on its construction in about 1.5 million rubles, you need to understand that this figure depends on the region and the configuration, construction on its own will cost two times cheaper. For example, some companies offer their customers country houses at a price from 1,115,000 rubles to 1,824,000, and dachas - within 300,000 rubles.
If you are not ready to engage in the construction of a house or you do not have the opportunity, then order a turnkey ready-made house using Canadian, Scandinavian or Finnish technologies.
Video
Watch a video about building a frame house with your own hands.
How to make a frame building with your own hands, the advantages of a frame structure, materials, site selection, project features, stages of work.
There is not always extra finances for creating a house, so a do-it-yourself frame construction is the dream of many who want their own home. However, many difficulties and incomprehensibility make this dream difficult to realize.
This article tells in detail what needs to be done - what is a frame structure, how to create a foundation for a structure. How to mark the future of construction and excavation... How the process of erecting the foundation and the frame takes place, what is the upper and lower strapping. The process of flooring and basement beams. How the attic and roofing beams are created. Competent insulation and finishing work.
Features of the popular screw-pile foundation and how to install it yourself. What is the peculiarity of the subfloor and how the process of the ceiling beams and the frame takes place directly.
What is the advantage of frame houses, what materials and technologies are used. How the roof is covered. Features of the creation of lathing and floor systems. How to choose the right place on the site, draw up a project and the nuances of engineering systems.
What is wireframe construction?
Erection wooden houses frame construction has gained popularity in our area relatively recently, only in recent decades. And such a rapid growth in the number of supporters of such buildings is due to the very rapid process of their construction and the possibility of using environmentally friendly materials.
The first frame buildings appeared during the development of the territories of America and Canada, then they became widespread in European countries. This type of building is good not only because the house rises quickly, but also because it requires much less cost and physical effort. In addition, if the facade of the house is finished with one of modern materials imitating brick, wood or stone, then its walls cannot be distinguished from the capital ones.
It is interesting that building a frame house with your own hands is quite possible even alone. Of course, the process will take much longer, but you will not have to pay for the work of the whole team. If you decide to carry out the construction yourself and complete it during the warm and dry summer period, then you still need to start in early spring. If the house is not completely finished by late autumn, you need to try to bring the construction site at least to the rafter structure and to the flooring of the roofing material, since the building should not be allowed to stand uncovered until next spring.
Generally speaking, the frame structure of the house consists of a lower and an upper strapping, which holds together the vertically installed racks that form the frame of the external and internal walls. The base for the floors and the attic floor consists of load-bearing beams made of timber. The rafter system is also erected from beams, and the roof covering is laid on it. It is desirable that it does not differ in too large a mass.
Insulation is installed and laid between the frame elements. Its thickness is chosen depending on the region and climatic conditions. In any case, the thickness of the frame posts must correspond to this value. Most often, one of the varieties of mineral wool, ecowool, expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam is chosen as thermal insulation materials. Expanded clay is also used to insulate floors and attic floors.
Expert opinion
Filimonov Evgeniy
Professional builder. 20 years of experience
Ask an expertAfter the installation of the insulation, the structure is sheathed with moisture-resistant materials - it can be OSB, moisture-resistant plywood or cement-bonded particle board (DSP).
Compared to solid wood, block or brick buildings, the frame structure is lightweight, not requiring a massive foundation. A columnar or pile-screw base is suitable for it, and if it is planned to arrange basements in the house, then in this case it is best to choose a strip foundation. Frame structure it is necessary to raise it high enough above the ground, therefore the basement part must have a height of at least 500 mm. This is necessary so that moisture from the soil, from rainwater or snowdrifts affects the wooden elements of the frame house as little as possible.
The foundation for the frame structure
Any construction begins with a foundation, and, as mentioned above, you can choose any of its types (except, perhaps, a monolithic "floating" slab - there is no need for it).
Layout of future construction and earthworks
Before you start digging trenches under the foundation or screwing in piles, you need to carefully mark the area. This work should not be considered secondary, since the straightness of the future walls will depend on it, and the total amount of work, since you will not have to make unnecessary efforts to rework the foundation if its exact coordinates and dimensions are initially determined.
- The marking is carried out using a tape measure, a square, and other simple geodetic instruments. Usually it consists in installing wooden stakes with stretched cords, which visually show the size of the building and its location on the ground.
- Trenches can be dug manually or, if this process needs to be carried out quickly, use special construction equipment, with the help of which this whole operation will take place in one day.
- To dig holes for a columnar foundation, in addition to shovels, they use an ordinary hand drill or a motor-drill, which will much faster allow you to drill holes of the required diameter to the required depth.
These methods are the most affordable, since if you invite large-sized equipment, then it is necessary, firstly, to have on the site additional area and free travel to the place of work, and secondly, the cost of such drilling will cost many times more.
- At the stage of digging the foundation pit, sewage drainage is carried out. To lay pipes, trenches are dug to a depth below the freezing level of the soil in the region. Then the pipes are laid to the place inside the pit, where, according to the plan, a bathroom or a ventilated sewer riser should be located.
If a columnar foundation is arranged, then the section of the pipe running from the ground level to the exit in the house must be carefully insulated. It is recommended to build brick walls around it, and fill the space between the pipe and them with insulation.
Of course, this work can be carried out after the completion of construction, but in this case it will be inconvenient to do it - you will have to cut holes in the floor or cut through the wall of the foundation.
The fastest way to build a house with your own hands is to opt for frame technology. At the same time, much less money is spent on the construction of a frame house than on another type of construction. All the work can be done independently by drawing up a detailed diagram and guided by step-by-step instructions. Many points are well covered in thematic videos, some of the nuances become clear when viewing the photos posted in the article.
Most often, frame houses are erected using two technologies: frame-frame and frame-panel. Whereas, using the 2nd method, installation work will have to be performed with the involvement of special equipment, the first technology allows you to do it yourself.
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Having decided on the construction method, you should study the site in detail. The best option is when it is elevated and dry enough. If there are old trees in the area designated for construction, then they must be carefully uprooted. If some of the roots remain, then young growth will go and this will lead to the destruction of the foundation.
Professional builders do not recommend building a frame house with a height of more than 2 floors. Since the house is lightweight, a strong foundation is not needed. Its purpose is to provide a stable frame position. As for the type, columnar, tape, based on concrete blocks will do. For rigidity, reinforcement is laid in the strip foundation, in the columnar foundation, a grillage is arranged, using a monolithic tape or channel for this.
Caution: Avoid areas with unstable soil where groundwater comes close to the surface.
DIY step-by-step instructions for constructing a frame house
The beauty of frame construction is that the house can be built in one season. Wherein light weight materials allows you to do without heavy construction machines and do all the work almost yourself.
As for the quality, it is difficult to distinguish a well-built and beautifully finished frame house from a log house. In terms of finance, it will cost much less due to the fact that just this very bar will take much less.
Communications, subfloor
The frame house is designed so that the installation of communications is performed during the construction of the foundation. For engineering networks, recesses are arranged in the ground, they are waterproofed and insulated. In this case, all connections are applied to the circuit in order to facilitate further installation.
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After that, proceed to the construction of the subfloor. Often they choose concrete screed, with a height of about 100 mm. Adhere to the following technology:
- mount the formwork;
- lay heat and waterproofing layer;
- concrete is poured;
- install logs on a frozen screed;
- insulate the structure by spreading basalt wool or expanded polystyrene between the lags;
- lay out the boards on the lags.
Frame
The next stage of construction is the construction of the frame. It is the basis of a house of this type and is a structure consisting of vertical posts, crossbars, horizontal straps. It is made from both wood and metal. A wooden frame is a simpler and cheaper option, in this case you do not need to use welding equipment.
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The timber frame requires high quality wood with a maximum moisture content of 12%. The minimum section of the beams is 15 x 15 cm, and the length is selected according to the height of the house. The corners are connected by the thorn-groove method so that the gaps are completely absent. Beams are attached to the beams with a pitch of 30, 40, 60 cm, depending on what material is chosen for the sheathing. Additional beams are laid under the future windows. Clapboard, boards, OSB are used as the exterior cladding of the house.
Before starting work, it is necessary to treat all the wood with an antiseptic and wait until it is completely absorbed. This is necessary not only to protect against rodents and insects, but also to keep the original shape and size of the material well.
Attention: to ensure the durability of the frame house, do not use metal joints. Wood, in contact with metal, rots. The most reliable fastening is wooden pins. For greater rigidity, the frame is fastened with braces.
Watching this video will help to properly arrange the frame of the future house:
Walls
The frame wall consists of the frame itself and insulation. They are performed using the following technology:
- The outer side of the finished frame is upholstered with rolled waterproofing material.
- A crate is arranged on top of this layer to provide a ventilated gap.
- The walls are sheathed outside with a blockhouse, clapboard or other material.
- The free space between the racks is filled with insulation and fixed with brackets. Moreover, when they are going to live in the house permanently, they choose expanded polystyrene or mineral wool with a minimum thickness of 50 mm. For a summer cottage, a thinner insulation is used.
- On the inner side of the wall, a layer of steam-waterproofing is placed and the crate is stuffed.
- This is followed by a finishing layer. Most often, drywall is used for this purpose.
Advice: it is better when all the details of the house are made of wood of the same species.
Internal partitions
Basically, partitions are mounted from the same timber as the main frame, although sometimes a 100 x 50 mm timber is used, but only in one-story houses... The structure of the inner walls is simpler than the outer ones.
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Considering simple scheme, then it includes the following elements:
- frame racks;
- insulation;
- 2-sided multifunctional or vapor barrier membrane;
- finishing.
You can also use ready-made, commercially available sandwich panels, then all the work is reduced only to their installation and cutting openings.
Window
Building codes state that windows must occupy 18% of the wall area. For a country cottage designed for permanent residence, the best option is double glazing.
In places where the project provides for window openings and doors, very neatly cut vertical posts in the middle. At the top and bottom of the resulting opening, perfectly flat horizontal boards are fixed tightly to the resulting segments. After the roof is completed, ready-made frames are simply inserted into these places.
Roof
A frame house has a simpler roof structure. Taking into account that the largest mechanical load falls on the frame, it must be constructed in accordance with all requirements. In this case, the roof can take on any shape that requires the installation of rafters of varying degrees of complexity.
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Options are selected based on the parameters of the house and its design features. Step by step installation is carried out as follows:
- Carry out a detailed installation diagram of the rafter system. The step is calculated based on the size of the rack, determined with the size of the spans, based on the cross-sectional area of the beams. In this case, the normal step is 40-100 cm, the span is 2.5-5 m.
- Rafters are mounted, securing them with roofing nails, plates, corners. The rafters are supported by a rigidly fixed maurlet 10 x 10 cm. To connect the rafter legs, toothed pads are used.
- Arrange a crate. Its type depends on the choice of roofing material. If this is a metal profile, then a 5 x 5 cm bar is used. Fix it every 0.5 m. A continuous OSB crate is arranged under the flexible tile.
Attention: for a span of more than 5 m, a support is installed under the rafters.
The overlap for an unheated attic consists of the following layers:
- bearing bar;
- plank flooring;
- rough 9 mm floor from OSB or DSP;
- heat and vapor barrier;
- base of the floor made of cement-bonded particle board
- heat insulator;
- screed with a layer of waterproofing.
The material for the rafters is wooden beams, while the step of the rafters is equal to the step of the frame racks. Basically, pitched or flat roofs are arranged for frame houses.
Attention: when calculating the step, take into account both the load and the cross-section of the beams, spans, covering material.
As you can see, the installation work of a frame house is not very difficult. For the independent construction of such a house, you will have enough information obtained after reading this article, and you will need to contact professional builders only for additional advice.
Construction of a frame house: video
A frame house is a great opportunity to acquire your own comfortable home for reasonable money and in a short time. But so that the first strong wind or heaving of soil does not fold it like a house of cards, you need to know the clear sequence of work and some secrets of frame construction. Here are step-by-step instructions on how to do it right.
Design project and drawing of the house
Design will help you to significantly reduce construction time, avoid many mistakes and reduce material consumption. But this is not only the study of the interior of the rooms. The design project includes and blueprints... For the foundation, rafter system and wall frame, they are simply necessary.
To develop a design project and drawings, you can contact professional designers or try to master specialized programs. For example: ArchiCAD, Arcon, WoodEngine, CadWork. However, please note that some programs require the purchase of a license key and time to learn.
Laying the foundation for a frame house
A frame house can be independently erected by you on a slab, pile, columnar or strip foundation. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, suitable for a certain type of soil. How do you determine which one to choose?
Soil analysis on the construction site
A foundation, selected in accordance with the characteristics of the soil, is not just a reliable foundation for the entire structure. It is also the rational use of your Money... A frame house does not always need an expensive slab or deep foundation.
Making the right choice will help land analysis taken from a construction site. What it will help determine:
- The depth of the groundwater table. If they flow close to the soil surface, you will have to abandon the cellar arrangement.
- The qualitative composition of the earth (fine sand, gravel, clay, etc.). Best option for construction - gravel soil, the worst - fine sand.
- The depth of soil freezing. The larger it is, the more laborious and expensive will be the work on laying the foundation.
For research, you can dig a hole yourself with a depth of at least one and a half meters, take soil samples and take them to the laboratory. A less time-consuming option is to invite geological engineers directly to the construction site.
Features of the strip foundation
The strip foundation is a closed loop made of reinforced concrete. It is laid under the load-bearing walls of the house along their entire length.
Despite the laboriousness and high cost of styling, strip base is the best option for a frame house. It has a large load-bearing surface, allows you to equip a basement and perform construction works even on heaving ground.
Construction sequence strip foundation:
- Digging a trench and laying a sand cushion at its bottom.
- Waterproofing the walls of the trench.
- Installation of wooden formwork.
- Assembly and installation of reinforcing mesh.
- Pouring the formwork with concrete and compaction.
Height of strip foundation should be at least 2 times its width. Under these conditions, transverse deformation does not occur in it.
Pile-screw foundation - a simple and affordable foundation for a house
The pile-screw foundation allows, without construction experience, to erect a residential building on weak and uneven terrain. It becomes a reliable support for the walls, since the piles firmly cling to solid rocks below the freezing level of the soil.
Screw piles- metal rods, on the pointed ends of which the blades are welded. This design allows you to simply screw them into the ground, like a drill. This can be done using the involved special equipment or manually. But in the latter case, at least three people will be needed.
Laying a columnar foundation
Columnar base is erected only on stable soils with high bearing capacity.
The work is performed step by step:
- Round holes are drilled in the ground along the selected perimeter.
- A metal frame connected from reinforcement is installed in them.
- The casing formwork is lowered into the wells.
- The above-ground elements are cut off one level at a time.
- The wells are poured with concrete and compacted.
The height of the heads (above-ground part of the posts) should not be less than 400 mm. Otherwise, the wood flooring will rot from constant exposure to moisture.
Slab foundation - when a considerable investment pays off
The slab foundation is rightfully considered the most expensive. This is due to the large bearing area, which is the main advantage of the monolithic base.
A house built on such a slab is protected from distortions, because even when exposed to the forces of frost heaving, it moves with the foundation.
The base laying technology assumes
- Removal of the top layer of soil (fertile).
- Laying of geofabric, backfilling of sand and gravel cushion and its ramming.
- Flooring of waterproofing material.
- Installation of wooden formwork.
- Installation and installation of a mesh connected from ribbed reinforcement.
- Pouring of concrete and its subsequent compaction with a special vibration machine.
The height of the slab base is usually 100 mm.
Bottom harness of the house
If you are going to build a frame house with your own hands, you cannot do without a lower strapping. It unites all the elements of the foundation, if it is columnar or pile-screw, connects the base of the house with its walls, serves as a support for laying the floor.
For device bottom strapping use a bar of 150x200 mm or a bundle of boards put on the end. Lumber must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant.
They are fixed on the foundation using anchor bolts with a wide nut. The joining of the beams to each other is carried out using panels or “in a half-tree”, “in a paw”, additionally strengthening them with nails, steel corners.
Subfloor laying and insulation
The subfloor is based on basement beams. Their function is performed by beams with a section of 140x180 mm or boards with a size of at least 160x50 mm. The ideal option is a material with the same cross-section as the elements of the lower strapping.
Fastening of floor beams is carried out “in half a tree”, making appropriate cuts. For additional fixation, two nails are used for each junction of the bars.
Then the flooring and its insulation are performed according to the following scheme:
- Fastening the cranial bars to the bottom of the bars.
- Fixing sub-floor boards on them.
- Waterproofing beams and decking with dense polyethylene.
- Laying the insulation in the cells formed by the bars.
- Installation of vapor barrier.
- Plywood, floorboard or OSB flooring.
Such a “pie” is ready for finishing at the final stage of self-construction of a frame house.
Stages of erecting a wall and roof frame
The subfloor with its rigid base is a reference point for the construction of the wall frame and installation of the rafter system under the roof. This is one of the most time-consuming stages in the construction of a frame house.
Installation of vertical uprights for external walls
On the already existing lower strapping, markings are made for fastening the vertical racks of the frame... Their length determines the height of the ceiling on the floor minus its final finishing.
Work begins with the installation of corner elements with a cross section of at least 100x100 mm. They are recorded in two main ways:
- With the help of a wooden dowel, which should rise 80-100 mm above the corner connection of the harness. In this case, the rack is literally strung on it.
- With reinforced galvanized metal corners.
For racks on straight sections, a beam with a smaller section is suitable - 50x100 mm. Its connection with the strapping is carried out by full, incomplete cutting or using steel corners. Fasteners without reinforcement can be used here.
When determining the pitch of the racks, be guided by the width of the insulation or sheet material of the wall cladding. To prevent the vertical elements of the frame from tilting, they can be fixed with temporary jibs.
Upper frame rail and interfloor overlap
Only after fixing the racks strictly vertically and in a stationary position, they begin to work on the upper harness. All grooves and fastenings in it must be similar to those that took place in a similar lower chord. This will give the structure good spatial rigidity.
Note! The width of the beams of the upper harness should be equal to the width of the uprights.
Mount in the same way as the basement. Logs from a board of 50x200 mm with a step of 600-800 mm are fastened with nails to the beams of the upper harness.
If the ceiling is not an element of the roof truss system, but the floor of the second floor, it must be additionally reinforced with spacers. Their function is performed by edged boards, which are built between the logs in one line and fixed with nails. With a second floor span of 2.5-3 m, one line of spacers is sufficient. For a larger span, you will need two parallel lines.
Assembling the rafter system
The rafter system determines the shape of the roof of a frame house built from scratch. Most often it is gable.
Suitable for rafters boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 50x200 mm... They are installed on the beams of the upper harness in increments of 0.6-1.1 m.
The rafters are also interconnected, which gives the roof the appropriate rigidity and determines its bearing capacity. For this, the following elements are used:
- longitudinal runs;
- crate;
- crossbars;
- racks;
- sill;
- tightening.
If the width of the span of the second floor or attic is less than 10 m and there are no load-bearing walls in the house, except for the outer ones, hanging rafters can be mounted. This system involves attaching each rafter one end to the strapping, and the other to the counter element. Tightening in the form of a horizontal beam allows the structure to be reinforced.
Sliding rafters appropriate where they have an intermediate support in the form of a load-bearing wall or columnar element. They are reinforced with internal center posts.
Thermal insulation of walls and roof
You should proceed to work on the insulation of walls and roofs only after installing all windows and doors.
In the correct frame house, the technology for their implementation is similar and comes down to creating a “pie” consisting of several layers.
- Outer cladding. It can be fiberboard, OSB, DSP or facade board.
- Waterproofing. It is necessary to protect the insulation from moisture from the street.
- Heat insulating material. It can be polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool, etc.
- Vapor barrier. Usually, a membrane film is used, which allows moisture to be removed from the room.
- Internal cladding. Suitable for these purposes: plywood, OSB, drywall.
The roof is not sheathed from the outside with sheet material. Its place is taken by lathing, which serves as the basis for the roofing material.
Thermal insulation of interfloor floors is similar to thermal insulation of a sub-floor.
Frame house engineering systems
Without engineering communications the frame house will be a dark and cold box. For this reason, it is necessary to know where and at what stage they are laid.
- Heating pipes and water supply systems are mounted inside the frame walls. Do this before insulating them. The cold water supply pipe is placed in a corrugated moisture-resistant "sleeve", which is associated with the constant formation of condensation on it.
- Sewer pipes are installed in the walls and under the floor. Their supply to septic tanks is provided even at the stage of laying the foundation.
- Electrical wiring cables are located inside walls, under false ceilings or in skirting channels.
- The laying of hidden electrical cables can only be carried out in special pipes and ducts. These works are also performed before the thermal insulation of the walls.
Video: Invalid Construction Errors
For me, it was a matter of principle to choose exactly the option when, with the least labor and material costs, you can quickly and efficiently build a full-fledged residential building for a family.
Having studied several sources and many options, I decided to stay on the option, and took as a basis the typical project "Canadian - 1".
I really liked this compact two-story house of 7x7.5 m, and after making the necessary calculations, I decided that such a project was quite within my power and resources.
In the presence of a sufficient number of living rooms and utility rooms, it looks relatively small, and the cost of construction is several times less than when building brick house the same dimensions.
A typical project involves the consumption of materials in the following sizes:
Edged boards 5x15 cm - 25m3;
Roofing board 2.5x15 cm - 3m3;
Expanded polystyrene for insulation - 25m3;
Rolled isolon for insulation - 5 rolls;
Polyurethane foam - 30 fl;
OSB - 200 sheets;
Roof waterproofer - 3 rolls;
Soft roof - area 70 m2;
cement, tar, solvent, antiseptic, anchor bolts.
According to the project, on the ground floor there is a living room with a kitchen and a large dining room, a bathroom and a small hall with a vestibule from the front door. The second floor consists of three living rooms, a small common hall and a fairly spacious bathroom. The project was also attracted by the fact that the garage has a common wall with the house, which saves materials and additional thermal insulation.
I chose a project, prepared necessary materials at the first stage of work and began construction.
Before you build a house with your own hands, we put the foundation
A properly set foundation is a guarantee of how long the house will last and how comfortable it will be to live in it. Since my site is located on the river bank and the groundwater is high, in order to avoid dampness, I did not make a basement and decided to make a foundation according to TISE on concrete piles.
My task was to build a house with my own hands cheaply, and therefore the option on the pillars also came up to me because of its low cost.
For the piles, I used second-hand asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 250 mm, a length of 2.5 m. I deepened the pipes into the ground by one and a half meters, so that a column with a height of 1 meter protruded above the ground. He reinforced them with fiberglass reinforcement with a diameter of 16 mm, poured concrete mortar and reinforced anchor bolts No. 22 at the top of each column.
In a month, I put 24 pillars with my own hands - the basis for the future home. The concrete in each column hardened for two weeks. This time was spent on the purchase and delivery of materials for strapping the foundation.
As soon as the concrete finally grabbed, I started strapping - I first chose the grooves for better strapping from the ends of the timber with a section of 15 cm, and deepened the sockets for fastening the anchor bolts at the joints.
According to my calculations, it took me a little more than 30,000 rubles to build one - the cost of the material.
In order to fix the frame as reliably as possible when assembling the strapping, I put a wide washer under each nut - this way I tightened the nuts all the way without the risk of unnecessarily damaging the bars. In the course of work, he simultaneously processed the entire structure with tar antiseptic and made waterproofing with construction tar.
In this form, the foundation easily survived the winter, and I was convinced that I made the right choice.
To build a wooden house with our own hands, we begin to erect the frame of the first floor and make its strapping
You can see from my step-by-step photos how to build a house with your own hands, without using heavy equipment, additional labor and unnecessary funds.
With the onset of the first fine spring days, I took up the installation of the walls of the first floor. The principle of erecting a frame dwelling is that the finished frame parts are installed in their proper place and fastened there.
I assembled the structural elements in parts on a flat area, and then lifted them to the foundation and fastened them one by one to the base and to each other. In addition, I assembled technical openings for windows and doors separately and also raised them to the walls for fastening.
Since the structures are relatively small, I practically did this work alone, I only resorted to the help of my wife to hold the structure while I was doing the fastenings.
Between the foundation and parts of the structure, he was sure to lay sheets of roofing material.
In a month, I managed to put three walls on the first floor.
When installing the structures, I adhered to the fact that the racks of the frames were at a distance of 60 cm from each other, since the standard width of the OSB sheet is 120 cm.
I adhered to the same principle when installing floor transfers.
It took me two more days off to bring out all the walls of the first floor - I really wanted to quickly build a house with my own hands.
Of course, thinking about how to build beautiful house with my own hands, I studied a lot of reference material, including the book “Individual house“ platform ”- it inspired me to be creative!
Taking the "Canadian" project as a basis, during construction I made a frame in accordance with the provided assembly technology. And although I changed something during the work at my own discretion, I did not change the basis of the project in order to avoid incorrect distribution of the load on the supporting structural elements.
As a result, I got such a frame of the first floor:
Simultaneously with raising the walls of the first floor, I began to assemble the frame of the future interfloor staircase.
The next step in solving the problem of how to build a frame house with your own hands is the process of strapping the first floor.
To do this, lay an isolon folded in two layers on all the upper edges of the structure and then lay a board 5 cm thick around the entire perimeter.
Ceiling logs are at the same time translating the floor for the second floor. Therefore, we lay them apart from each other with an interval of 60 cm, fastening to the harness.
Good weather works well, and the results are obvious.
Now I know for sure that anyone can do it with their own hands wooden house build. This is a job, the main thing in which is to comply with all the required standards and do everything with the utmost care - only then can you build a house correctly with your own hands.
For those who are interested in this issue, my step-by-step photos will help you build a frame house with your own hands.
In this photo of mine, you can see that the frame of the first floor and the floors are fully completed. This is such a beautiful "platform" I ended up with.
The work does not always go fast, and on the next weekend I was able to do little - the intense heat prevented. But the staircase, which I did install, served as an additional anchorage and added rigidity to the overall structure of the first floor.
A lot has been done in a relatively short period of time, considering that I worked practically alone.
By the way, since according to the project there should be a two-meter-wide balcony-terrace over the southern side of the house, I set the ceiling joists above this part of the first floor of the required length so that they protrude 2 meters beyond the boundary of the wall structure.
Wooden parts in the right places were additionally fastened together with metal corners. To screw in the screws, I used an electric drill with a special mount for self-tapping screws.
As a result, the translations of interfloor floors look like this:
Of course, it is difficult to calculate all the construction costs in advance - there are a lot of factors that affect the change in the final cost of the project. Moreover, you still need to solve the problem of how to build a beautiful house with your own hands, and not just put a wooden box.
During the construction of the foundation, frame of the first floor and floors, I spent about 80,000 rubles on materials.
The approximate amount that I plan to meet in order to build a house out of wood with my own hands is 500 thousand rubles.
The next stage in completing the task of how to build a frame house with your own hands - we begin to build the second floor, and sheathe the structure with OSB sheets
It is very hard to work in hot weather, especially at altitude. Therefore, construction is progressing slowly. I assemble the wall frame on the ground, then lift it up and put it in place. With careful work during the assembly of structures, their docking at the place of fasteners does not present any difficulties.
The photo shows how the first wall of the second floor was installed:
On hot days it was impossible to work more than three or four hours, so in the very middle of summer work slowed down a little. But as soon as the intense heat subsided, work continued at the same pace. Simultaneously with the side walls of the second floor, I brought out the end walls "under the roof".
It was already difficult to work here alone to build a house out of wood with your own hands, so he invited two assistants, and the heavy facade structures were lifted with a rope and inclined guides.
Together with the installation of the facade structures, we made a screed for the ridge and starting rafters.
Having finished assembling the wooden structures of the walls and the ridge, I proceeded to paneling the walls - it went much more fun. First, I paneled the corners of the walls.
OSB tried to do the work on sheathing with sheets in a few days - he did not want to risk it and decided to protect the inside of the structures from the threat of getting wet during the rains. You can see from my photos how I managed to build a house with my own hands almost alone.
How to build a roof of a house with your own hands?
This was the very question I faced as soon as I finished building the walls.
Before that, I did almost all the main work myself, occasionally resorting to outside help when it was necessary to support part of the structure or raise heavy facade parts to the second floor.
And now, in order to solve the question of how to build a roof of a house with your own hands, when it came to the roof lathing, I had to call another assistant, since he is not very successful in working on the rafters alone. Together, the work went much more fun.
Just like the ceilings on the first floor, I put a 5 cm thick board on the rafters, and installed the rafters at 60 cm intervals, so that then lay the OSB sheet on a base of three boards.
On top of the rafters, my assistant and I made the installation of a vapor barrier, using 3 rolls of a hydrotechnical membrane for the roof.
OSB sheets were laid on top of the vapor barrier material. They were lifted to the roof in the same way as the facade frames.
One side of the roof was already covered with OSB. There are small areas and one more slope. Since autumn is approaching and the rains are frequent, I dropped all other things and came to grips with the roof - to protect the frame from excessive wetting. The work is hard, but perseverance wins everything, and the assistant is very helpful.
At this stage, it took me to build 7 cubes of a 150x50 board; almost two - 200x50; and 65 sheets of OSB - for the outer cladding, without floor and partitions.
All the sawn timber has practically gone into business, only the smallest cuttings - no more than 20 cm, I put for further use as fuel - on a fire or in a smokehouse. If you use the material sparingly and carefully, then you can build a house relatively cheaply with your own hands.
But since this season I physically will not be able to sheathe the house with siding, so that strong and frequent rains do not spoil the material, I decided to process the plates with tar diluted in a solvent.
The house has temporarily acquired a gloomy black appearance, but now it is reliably protected from moisture and destruction.
How to build a house made of wood with your own hands: insulation and sound insulation
When I finished the exterior work, during the rainy weather I did a little work on the interior as well - I insulated and at the same time made soundproofing of the floors with foam plates.
The cracks between the joints and the walls are propenylated with polyurethane foam using a pistol. From the bottom I sewed OSB sheets to the floor slabs of the first floor with self-tapping screws for wood, having previously supported them with spacers. It is very important to properly build a house with your own hands - in this way, I not only protected the internal structures from a strong temperature drop, but also protected the foam from destruction by mice, who love to settle in it.
The floor inside the room was covered separately in rooms, so as not to damage the foam in the ceilings.
On top of the log on the floor he laid an isolon and attached it with a construction stapler, and on top - sheets of OSB, which he laid on the floor in a checkerboard pattern. This is important, as the floors start to squeak violently when stacking sheets that are joined at four corners.
Gradually, the interior of the house is transformed and takes on an attractive appearance. Here you can already come to grips with internal work on wall insulation.
The work in the construction season was completed, I closed the window openings for the winter with OSB sheets and tightened it with a film, and mothballed the construction of the house until next spring.
So, I coped with the main work and my dream - to build a house out of wood with my own hands - is close to completion. In winter, weather permitting, I will do the interior finishing work, and with the onset of spring, the work will boil with renewed vigor.
I hope I told in detail and proved with the help of a photo - you can build a frame house with your own hands!
Perhaps some of you, after reading my article, will be eager to build, and the photos given here will help him with this.